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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 8 (1969), S. 312-322 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eis-Einkristalle, die aus verdünnten wäßrigen Ammoniumfluoridlösungen (Konzentrationenc 0=4·10−4...5·10−2 mol/l) gezüchtet worden waren, wurden auf ihre Zusammensetzung hin untersucht. Dazu wurden sie zerteilt, die Teilstücke einzeln aufgeschmolzen und die elektrische Leitfähigkeit und derpH-Wert der Schmelzen gemessen. Der Vergleich dieser Meßwerte mit den Daten wäßriger Ammoniumfluoridlösungen zeigt, daß die Bestandteile des Ammoniumfluorids nicht in dem Verhältnis in das Eis eingebaut werden, das der stöchiometrischen Zusammensetzung des NH4F-Moleküls entspricht. Man kann die Abscheidung daher nicht mit einem einzigen Verteilungskoeffizienten beschreiben. In den Kristallen überwiegen die sauren Bestandteile. Die Abweichung von der stöchiometrischen Zusammensetzung ist am Kristallanfang am größten.
    Abstract: Résumé On a étudié la composition des monocristaux de glace produits par des solutions aqueuses de fluorure d’ammonium (concentrationsc 0=4·10−4...5·10−2 mole/l). Après avoir scié les cristaux en morceaux, on a fondu individuellement chacun de ceux-ci et on a mesuré la conductivité électrique et la valeurpH de ces eaux de fonte. En comparant ces valeurs avec celles relatives aux solutions aqueuses de fluorure d’ammonium on remarque que les composants du fluorure d’ammonium ne se retrouvent pas dans la glace en proportion stoïchiométrique. Par conséquent on ne saurait décrire la ségrégation par un seul coefficient. On a trouvé en outre que la déviation de la composition stoïchiométrique est la plus grande dans les parties initiales des cristaux.
    Notes: Abstract The composition of ice single crystals grown from dilute aqueous solutions of ammonium fluoride (concentrationsc 0=4×10−4...5×10−2 mole/I) was investigated. The crystals were divided into parts, which were melted separately. Then the electrical conductivities and thepH-values of the melts were measured. A comparison of the measured values with those of the aqueous solutions of ammonium fluoride shows that the components of ammonium fluoride were not built into the ice in ratios corresponding to the stoichiometric composition of the NH4F molecule. Therefore, it is impossible to describe the segregation with only one segregation coefficient. The acid components are predominating in the crystals. The deviation from the stoichiometric composition is largest in the initial parts of the crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 30 (1989), S. 574-579 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Ethanol was produced from xylose by converting the sugar to xylulose, using commercial xylose isomerases, and simultaneously converting the xylulose to ethanol by anaerobic fermentation using different yeast strains. The process was optimized with the yeast strain Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Y-164). The data show that the simultaneous fermentation and isomerization of 6% xylose can produce final ethanol concentrations of 2.1% w/v within 2 days at temperatures as high as 39°C.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42,65Re ; 42.60Fc ; 78.47+p
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have set up a laser system which simultaneously provides synchronized picosecond pulses in the visible and at a wavelength of 1.06 μm with a repetition rate of 76 MHz. The set-up consists of a dye laser synchronously pumped by the second harmonic of a cw mode-locked Nd:YAG laser and a fiber-grating compressor for the fundamental wavelength of the Nd;YAG laser. Crosscorrelation measurments reveal the time jitter between the two pulse trains to be less than 10 ps. As a first application we have performed non-degenerate transient grating experiments in semiconductors. The non-degenerate technique allows to use excitation energies well above the bandgap energy and to separate non-linear refractive index effects from photoinduced absorption or transmission changes.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 157 (1996), S. 259-267 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: endothelium ; endothelin ; endothelin receptor antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endothelin-1 is a recently discovered peptide mainly released from endothelial cells. Hypoxia and ischemia as well as numerous factors such as angiotensin 11, thrombin and transforming growth factor β1 stimulate the fomation of the peptide. On the other hand the synthesis of endothelin is inhibited by nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide via the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Released from endothelial cells endothelin-1 mediates transient vasodilation followed by a profound and longlasting vasoconstriction. Endothelin is also a mitogen for smooth muscle proliferation. Endothelins exert their biological effects via activation of specific receptors. Two different receptors have been cloned from mammalian tissues (ETA and ETB receptors). On vascular smooth muscle cells both receptors mediate contractions. Endothelial cells only express ETB receptors linked to the formation of nitric oxide and/or prostacyclin formation. Increased plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 have been described in a variety of diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, arteriosclerosis, renal failure, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, migraine and vascular diseases. Recently an increasing number of endothelin receptor antagonists have been synthetized, which have been shown to inhibit endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction. Clinical studies are now ongoing to elucidate the pathophysiologic role of endothelin and the potential benefit of the blockade of the system in different disease states.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1969-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-3277
    Electronic ISSN: 1431-584X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1996-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0300-8177
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4919
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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