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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of nonlinear dynamics in postural steadiness time series (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 711-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Postural control ; Standing balance ; Time series analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fractal and correlation dimensions have been computed for time series obtained from tests of balance (postural steadiness). Although these measures appear to be reliable and differentiate subject groups, it has become clear that random (noise) time series may have finite dimensions and appear to demonstrate dynamics characteristic of nonlinear systems. Consequently, it is necessary to apply a test to distinguish a time series with putative nonlinear dynamics from random noise. A simple predictor was utilized to compare center of pressure (COP) time series with surrogate data constructed to have similar time and frequency domain characteristics. It was found that the original time series was more predictable than the surrogate data, suggesting that the COP data is derived from a nonlinear system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental and biochemical investigation of some effects of organic pollution in Inner Oslofjord, Norway (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 73 (1983), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Coordinated environmental monitoring and biochemical studies of the polychaete Glycera alba (Müller) have been applied to the assessment of the impact of inputs of organically rich waste material into Inner Oslofjord. Six sampling stations at intervals of 5 km on a transect extending from Lysakerfjord, 5 km from Oslo harbour, to Vollengropen, a few kilometres from the Drobak sill were used in the investigation. Samples of water, sediment and biological material were collected from these sampling stations on one occasion, in September 1980. On the basis of dissolved oxygen content of the water column near the sediment surface, carbon and nitrogen contents and redox potential (Eh) in the sediments, the greatest impact of organic enrichment was found at Lysakerfjord. Localised variations in sediment condition were, however, pronounced in the transect. Maximal activities of 4 enzymes associated with energy-yielding metabolism were estimated in 7 to 11 individual G. alba from each sampling station. Relatively low activities of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase in the group of G. alba from Lysakerfjord may constitute a biochemical response to the effects of organic enrichment in this area. In G. alba from the sampling station at Slemmestad, it is suggested that low phosphofructokinase and malate dehydrogenase activities may reflect a biochemical response to effects of prelominantly inorganic waste material from a nearby cement factory. In groups of G. alba from 5 sampling stations, i.e., excluding Slemmestad, mean phosphofructokinase activity is correlated with redox potential at 4 to 5 cm depth in the sediments. The results are discussed with reference to earlier biological studies and it is shown that low phosphofructokinase activities are found in the groups of G. alba from those areas where low diversity of macrobenthic fauna have been reported. It is concluded that the changes in phosphofructokinase activity may consistently reflect effects of environmental changes that are characteristically associated with inputs of waste material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406883
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion of gold into human breast milk (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 251-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: gold therapy ; breast milk ; serum level ; antirheumatic therapy ; aurothiomalate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After the administration of 70 mg and 50 mg aurothiomalate, respectively, to 2 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, significant amounts of gold appeared in breast milk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606670
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent accumulation of cadmium and zinc in the liver and kidneys of Norwegian willow ptarmigan (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 51 (1993), S. 381-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201756
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium in isolated mitochondria from the left ventricular wall (1978)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 56 (1978), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The content of calcium per mg mitochondrial protein has been measured by conventional biochemical methods in myocardial tissue of some mammalian species. In addition, a method is presented for (1) the analysis of mitochondrial volumes in the same tissues and (2) calculating the amount of calcium in units of 106 mitochondria. It appears that a highly significant correlation exists between the calcium content and the number of mitochondria, with a positive correlation coefficient of 0.92. The mean mitochondrial volume in fractions of the rabbit myocardium was found to be 1.3386 μm3. Electron microscopic studies demonstrate pure mitochondrial fractions and only moderate structural alterations. The method described may represent a useful supplement for the estimation of calcium fluxes in mitochondria and of alterations in their volume, number and structure under conditions of myocardial ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495981
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium and magnesium levels in isolated mitochondria from human cardiac biopsies (1980)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 68 (1980), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A non-enzymatic method is presented for isolating mitochondria from small-sized human cardiac samples, including ventricular needle biopsies of 15–25 mg of wet weight. Electron microscopy demonstrates that these fractions are rich in structurally well preserved mitochondria. Calcium and magnesium levels of fractions are determined by atomic absorption flame spectroscopy. Comparative analyses are made in similar fractions of the mouse ventricle. Calcium concentrations of mitochondria isolated in the presence of ruthenium red do not differ significantly between the human auricle and ventricle, averaging 61 nmol Ca/mg protein and 68 nmol Ca/mg protein, respectively. Mitochondrial calcium level is lower in the mouse ventricular fractions, averaging 7 nmol Ca/mg protein. Mitochondrial magnesium amounts to slightly less than 60% of the calcium levels in the human heart, while it exceeds the calcium level by more than 100 per cent in the mouse heart. There is no significant difference of mitochondrial calcium between normal auricles, and, auricles of patients with increased right atrial mean pressure and/or volume overload.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498494
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influences of dietary linseed oil and saturated fatty acids on caecal enterocytes in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.): a quantitative ultrastructural study (2000)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 22 (2000), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: epithelial damage ; fish ; intestine ; lipid digestibility ; lipid droplets ; lipid nutrition ; lipoprotein synthesis ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were fed over a three-week period with a commercial diet or one of seven casein-based diets. The latter were either lipid-free or supplemented with 50–200 g linseed oil kg−1 diet by dry weight, 160 g linseed oil and 40 g 14:0 or 160 g linseed oil and 40 g 16:0. Three fish having filled guts were sampled from each dietary group and analysed for ultrastructural changes in the pyloric caecum. Increasing the dietary lipid level increased the accumulation of lipid droplets in columnar absorptive enterocytes from about 9% of epithelial volume in fish fed a diet of 50 g linseed oil, to almost 61% in fish fed a diet of 200 g linseed oil. Replacing linseed oil in the diet with 14:0 (160 g linseed oil + 40 g 14:0 kg−1 diet) appeared to produce a smaller lipid loading (roughly 53%) but the difference was not statistically significant. However, replacing 40 g linseed oil with 40 g of 16:0 in the diet decreased lipid loading significantly to just under 10%. Epithelial damage to enterocytes was assessed using a ranking scale based on ultrastructural signs of cell and organelle swelling and degeneration. The extent of damage closely followed the level of lipid loading, being lowest in fish fed the lipid-free or low-lipid (damage index 0.07–0.13) diets, and highest in char maintained on a diet containing 200 g linseed oil (index 1.41). Replacing linseed oil with 14:0 (160 g linseed oil + 40 g 14:0) appeared to reduce the damage index to 0.77 but this was not significant. However, a significant reduction of the damage index to 0.27 was observed when linseed oil was replaced by 16:0. We conclude that higher dietary linseed oil promotes lipid droplet accumulation in enterocytes. The droplets are probably related to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid. Intracellular droplet formation and cellular damage are both reduced by adding saturated fatty acids to the diet. This could be related to disruptions in the lipoprotein assembly rate. The cellular damages observed with high lipid diets are likely to be pathological and may lead to intestinal malfunction and represent a major infection route for pathogenic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007879127182
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid digestibility and ultrastructural changes in the enterocytes of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) fed linseed oil and soybean lecithin (1999)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 21 (1999), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: lipoprotein synthesis ; lipid digestibility ; oil droplets ; ultrastructure ; intestine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were fed two isocaloric diets supplemented with 15% linseed oil or soybean lecithin, and subsequently analysed for ultrastructural changes in various intestinal segments (pyloric caeca region, midgut and hindgut) as well as apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the diets. The ADC of dry matter, lipid and individual fatty acids were always highest in fish fed the soybean lecithin diet. In hindgut for example, ADC of lipid and dry matter were 94 and 96%, respectively, in fish fed the soybean lecithin diet compared to 85 and 94% in fish fed linseed oil. There were major ultrastructural differences in the enterocytes between fish fed the two experimental diets. In char fed the linseed oil diet there were substantial accumulations of lipid droplets in the enterocytes from the pyloric caeca and midgut but not in hindgut. These accumulations were not observed in fish fed the soybean lecithin diet. In some cases, deposition of fat in the enterocytes was so great that it resulted in epithelial damage with lipid droplets and cell debris appearing in the intestinal lumen. These changes are likely to be pathological and may lead to intestinal malfunction and represent a major infection route to pathogenic bacteria. On the basis of these results it is suggested that endogenous phospholipid synthesis is insufficient to maintain lipoprotein synthesis in Arctic char when fed diets containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid of total lipid, and that phospholipids should be supplied with such diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007726615889
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation and Distribution of Cadmium in Willow Ptarmigan (1999)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 8 (1999), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: cadmium ; accumulation ; long-range pollution ; willow ptarmigan ; Lagopus l. lagopus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) were studied in willow ptarmigan from a mountainous area in Central Norway. The highest concentrations were found in the kidneys. The liver also accumulated substantial amounts, but heart and breast muscles had low concentrations. There was a significant correlation between the Cd content and age in all tissues. The liver and kidneys showed a rapid increase in Cd content during the ptarmigan's first autumn and winter, but the accumulation seemed to level off when the bird passed its first year of life. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found among all four tissues, the strongest being between liver and kidneys, and the weakest between heart muscle and breast muscle. The ratio of cadmium in liver to cadmium in kidney was less than 1, which indicates a chronic low-level exposure situation. This ratio varied among seasons, being significantly higher in winter/spring than in summer/autumn. In general, the Cd content in the kidneys was approximately 7–10 times that of the liver. Breast muscle had a very low Cd content when the concentration of cadmium in the kidney was less than 75–80 mg kg-1 of Cd, but the content increased markedly when the kidney contained more Cd than this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008912003597
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationarity of the somatosensory evoked potential (1984)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 22 (1984), S. 558-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Sleep ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Statjonarity ; Temporal variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The validity of the somatosensory evoked potential for serial neurological evaluation requires an understanding of normal variations in the responses Studies were conducted in 15 normal adult volunteers during two nights of sleep and in five normal adult volunteers during waking hours. The response amplitudes and latencies obtained during the day were demonstrated to be stationary by use of the runs or sign test Similarly, the earliest portions of the scalp recorded evoked potential were stationary during sleep Later portions of the responses had significantly lower amplitudes and demonstrated increased latency during deep sleep. The stability of the early portions of the SSEP suggest that it is a reliable tool for serial neurological evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443870
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