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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of xyn3 gene expression in Trichoderma reesei PC-3–7 (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of regulation of the gene encoding the third xylanase (Xyn III) of a filamentous fungus, Trichoderma reesei PC-3–7, were studied by Northern blot analysis. A partial DNA sequence (185 bp) of the xyn3 gene was obtained by PCR amplification of genomic DNA of T. reesei PC-3–7 and sequenced. This xyn3 gene fragment was used as a probe for Southern and Northern blot analysis. The expression of the xyn3 gene was regulated at the transcriptional level. The xyn3 mRNA was expressed in mycelia of T. reesei PC-3–7 induced by Avicel, l-sorbose and sophorose, but not by xylose, xylooligosaccharides and birchwood xylan. Furthermore, it was observed that xyn3 was synchronously expressed with egl1 but not with xyn1 and xyn2 by l-sorbose, indicating that the xyn3 gene may be coordinately expressed with cellulase genes. By Southern blot analysis, the xyn3 gene was confirmed to exist as a single copy in both strains of T. reesei PC-3–7 and QM9414. However, no xyn3 mRNA appeared in the mycelia induced by any kind of inducers in T. reesei QM9414 even when total RNA was used in large excess, suggesting that the xyn3 gene in T. reesei QM9414 is in the dormant state and cannot be expressed. Therefore, T. reesei PC-3–7 may be a very useful strain for elucidating the induction mechanism of xylanase biosynthesis by cellulosic and xylanosic substrates, and also the regulatory correlation between cellulase and xylanase induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000410
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in placental permeability to corticosterone and estradiol-17β toward the end of gestation in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 262-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioactivity in the fetal plasma 1 h after maternal injection of14C-4-corticosterone or14C-4-estradiol-17β on day 21 of gestation was markedly higher than that 1 h after injection on day 22. Radioactivity in the maternal plasma was not different on these 2 days. The results suggest that the placental permeability to steroids from the mother to the fetus declines toward the end of gestation in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01944716
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulase induction by lactose in Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  In an attempt to clarify the function of lactose in cellulase induction, experiments were carried out on cellulase formation by lactose along with other sugars in a resting cell system of Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7, a hypercellulase-producing mutant. Although lactose alone induces little cellulase under the conditions used, a synergistic effect on cellulase formation was observed following the respective addition of sophorose, cellobiose or galactose to lactose. The lactose consumption was more rapid when these sugars were added than in their absence. Furthermore, following lactose addition 10 h after the beginning of cultivation in the presence of cellobiose, cellulase formation was initiated with only a little lag, and lactose consumption started immediately, being complete in 14 h. β-Galactosidase induction experiments suggested that the rapid consumption of lactose is possibly not dependent on lactose degradation by the enzyme. From these results, it is suggested that lactose may function as an inducer for cellulase formation if it is taken up in the mycelium of T. reesei PC-3-7, and that sophorose, cellobiose or galactose may induce a putative lactose permease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050527
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulase induction by lactose in Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to clarify the function of lactose in cellulase induction, experiments were carried out on cellulase formation by lactose along with other sugars in a resting cell system of Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7, a hypercellulase-producing mutant. Although lactose alone induces little cellulase under the conditions used, a synergistic effect on cellulase formation was observed following the respective addition of sophorose, cellobiose or galactose to lactose. The lactose consumption was more rapid when these sugars were added than in their absence. Furthermore, following lactose addition 10 h after the beginning of cultivation in the presence of cellobiose, cellulase formation was initiated with only a little lag, and lactose consumption started immediately, being complete in 14 h. \-Galactosidase induction experiments suggested that the rapid consumption of lactose is possibly not dependent on lactose degradation by the enzyme. From these results, it is suggested that lactose may function as an inducer for cellulase formation if it is taken up in the mycelium of T. reesei PC-3-7, and that sophorose, cellobiose or galactose may induce a putative lactose permease. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** AG903066 00005
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164488
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A third xylanase from Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7 (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 718-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A third xylanase (Xyn III) from Trichoderma reesei PC-3–7 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 32 kDa, and its isoelectric point was 9.1. The pH optimum of Xyn III was 6.0, similar to that of Xyn II, another basic xylanase of  T. reesei. The purified Xyn III showed high activity with birchwood xylan but no activity with cellulose and aryl glycoside. The hydrolysis of birchwood xylan by Xyn III produced mainly xylobiose, xylotriose and other xylooligosaccharides. The amino acid sequences of the N-terminus and internal peptides of Xyn III exhibited high homology with the family F xylanases, showing that they were distinct from those of Xyn I and Xyn II of  T. reesei, which belong to family G. These results reveal that Xyn III is a new specific endoxylanase, differing from Xyn I and Xyn II in  T. reesei. It is noteworthy that this novel xylanase was induced only by cellulosic substrates and l-sorbose but not by xylan and its derivarives. Furthermore,  T. reesei PC-3-7 produced Xyn III in quantity when grown on Avicel or lactose as a carbon source, while  T. reesei QM9414 produced little or no Xyn III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051237
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient secretion of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and characterization of its products (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A cbh2 cDNA encoding Trichoderma reesei QM9414 cellobiohydrolase II, located on the expression vector whose copy number is controlled by the level of gentamicin, was successfully expressed under the control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The 24-amino-acid leader peptide of the cbh2 gene was recognized by the yeast, enabling the efficient secretion of the heterologous cellobiohydrolase. The transformed S. pombe strain produced over 115 μg cellobiohydrolase proteins/ml rich medium supplemented with malt extract and 100 μg/ml gentamicin. The molecular masses of the recombinant cellobiohydrolases, secreted as two molecular species, were estimated to be 70 kDa and 72 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Deglycosylation treatments revealed that the recombinant enzymes were overglycosylated and scarcely susceptible to α-mannosidase. The recombinant enzymes showed no carboxymethylcellulase activity, but showed similar characteristics to those of a native enzyme purified from T. reesei in their optimum pH and temperature, pH and temperature stabilities, and V max values toward phosphoric-acid-swollen cellulose as substrate, except that their K m values were about fourfold higher than that of the native enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051173
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliage damage in coniferous trees following volcanic ashfall from Mt. St. Helens (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 59 (1983), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The foliage of coniferous plants in the area to the northeast of Mt. St. Helens, Washington State, was exposed to heavy ashfall during the May 18, 1980 eruption of the volcano. Significant damage to the pre-1980 foliage occurred after the eruption and continued through the summer. The amount of damage seen on the needles was significantly related to the amount of ash on the foliage. Elevated temperatures caused the foliage damage. The presence of ash on the foliage increased the dimensions of the shoot, thus increasing the boundary layer resistance. In turn this change in geometry elevated needle temperatures. Typical maximum needle temperatures for ash-laden foliage of Abies amabilis were in the range of 35° to 45° C and were 10° C above those of plants without ash. Damage occurred to needles at 40° C after a short growth-chamber exposure. Temperatures within the ash on the foliage also exceeded 40 degrees C. Neither chemical nor mechanical (abrasion) damage occurred. There was no melting of the cuticle. The plants with ash-covered foliage did not experience lower water potentials than those of control plants. The total radiation reflected from the needles was similar for foliage with and without ash.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378859
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic control of rhabdom size and rhodopsin content in the crab compound eye by a circadian biological clock (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 219-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Grapsid crab ; Hemigrapsus sanguineus ; compound eye ; circadian rhythm ; rhabdom ; visual pigment chromophore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under conditions of constant darkness, rhabdom volume and the amount of visual pigment chromophore show circadian changes in the compound eye of the crabHemigrapsus sanguineus. The present results indicate that an intrinsic circadian biological clock is involved in the control of the changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01941711
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  • 9
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    Effects of stoichiometry on electronic states of Au and Pt supported on TiO2(110) (2005)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Intrinsic control of rhabdom size and rhodopsin content in the crab compound eye by a circadian biological clock (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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