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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysosomal membrane fragility and catabolism of cytosolic proteins: evidence for a direct relationship (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 320-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lysosomes ; lysosomal stability ; protein catabolism ; digestive cells ; marine mussel ; phenanthrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A direct relationship was established between the stability of the lysosomal membrane and an estimate of cytosolic protein catabolism, based on loss of radiolabel from prelabeled protein. Lysosomes in the lysosomally-rich digestive cells of the midgut gland of the marine mussel (Mytilus edulis) were destabilized by experimental treatment with phenanthrene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945568
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of Mytilus edulis on exposure to the water-accommodated fraction of North Sea oil (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 67 (1982), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individuals of Mytilus edulis L., collected from the Erme estuary (S.W. England) in 1978, were exposed to low concentrations (7 to 68 μg l-1) of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of North Sea crude oil. The pattern of accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the body tissues was affected by the presence of algal food cells, the period of exposure, the hydrocarbon concentration in seawater, the type of body tissue and the nature of the hydrocarbon. Many physiological responses (e.g. rates of oxygen consumption, feeding, excretion, and scope for growth), cellular responses (e.g. lysosomal latency and digestive cell size) and biochemical responses (e.g. specific activities of several enzymes) were significantly altered by short-term (4 wk) and/or long-term (5 mo) exposure to WAF. Stress indices such as scope for growth and lysosomal latency were negatively correlated with tissue aromatic hydrocarbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397090
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Hg2+ and Cu2+ on the cytosolic Ca2+ level in molluscan blood cells evaluated by confocal microscopy and spectrofluorimetry (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 119 (1994), S. 557-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the present work the effect of Hg2+ and Cu2+ on the level of cytosolic Ca2+ in mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) haemolymph cells were investigated by confocal microscopy and spectrofluorimetry utilizing the fluorescent dye Fluo3. In the blood cells of marine molluscs, exposure to Cu2+ and Hg2+ in the nanomolar and micromolar range causes a time-and concentration-dependent increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ level. Both the presence of a low-calcium containing medium and pretreatment of the cells with the channel blocker Verapamil greatly reduced the effects of higher (50 μM) Hg2+ concentrations, this indicating that Hg2+ enhances the influx of extracellular Ca2+ partly through activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Low concentrations of Hg2+ (1 μM) and also of Cu2+ (0.5 μM), an “essential” element, were able to induce a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which was not affected either by Verapamil pretreatment or by lowering the extracellular calcium concentration. These data indicate that in mussel haemocytes heavy metal cations impair Ca2+ homeostasis not only by affecting Ca2+ channels, but also by interfering with other mechanisms of calcium transport across cellular membranes, such as the Ca2+-ATPases. The resulting increase in cytosolic Ca2+ could activate Ca-dependent processes which may be involved in many of the biochemical and physiological alterations observed in the cells of metal-exposed mussels. Specimens used in these experiments were collected from the river Linker near Plymouth, U.K. in June 1991.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354318
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysosomal responses to experimentally injected anthracene in the digestive cells of Mytilus edulis (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 48 (1978), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experimentally injected anthracene (10 to 100 μg mussel-1) has been shown to induce dose-dependent lysosomal destabilisation and release of hexosaminidase in the digestive cells of Mytilus edulis after 24 h. This destabilisation was accompanied by cytological evidence of cytolysis of the digestive cells. The destabilising effect of 100 μg of injected anthracene persisted for 96 h with a return to the control condition by 168 h. These results are discussed in the context of environmental contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391632
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallothioneins and lysosomes in metal toxicity and accumulation in marine mussels: the effect of cadmium in the presence and absence of phenanthrene (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 94 (1987), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been confirmed that metallothioneins play an important role in the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the digestive gland cells of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.). The content of Cd in the tissue of mussels exposed for 9 d to the metal (estimated dosage of 180 μg Cd mussel-1 d-1) was 66.2 ppm. This value is about the same as the metal content found in the digestive gland of Cd-exposed mussels kept in clean water for a recovery period of 28 d. At the end of the recovery period, however, the Cd bound to thionein had increased by approximately 250%. Our data demonstrate that the stability of lysosomes, a biological parameter adopted as a cellular stress index, is extremely low in mussels exposed to Cd for 9 d, but returns to control values in the digestive gland cells of mussels allowed to recover for 28 d in uncontaminated sea water. At this point most of the Cd present in the cytosol is bound to thionein. These data demonstrate the importance of metallothionein induction in the reduction of the cytotoxic effects exerted by high levels of Cd accumulation. The results of tests designed to clarify the reasons for the long biological half-life of Cd demonstrated that, in the digestive gland of mussels, the lysosomes are not able to eliminate Cd either bound to insoluble thionein polymers or to lipid peroxidation products such as lysosomal lipofuscin, both of which are apparently involved in the elimination of copper. The absence of these two mechanisms of metal sequestration and elimination via excretion of residual bodies (tertiary lysosomes) is in agreement with the persistence of cadmium in the digestive gland of mussels. Finally, the results also demonstrate that simultaneous exposure of mussels to Cd and phenanthrene, an established lysosomal membrane destabilizer, did not significantly alter the accumulation of Cd or the kinetics of the metal in mussels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392937
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine bivalve Venus verrucosa: accumulation and cellular responses (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 97 (1988), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cellular and subcellular responses of the marine burrowing bivalve Venus verrucosa collected from the north-eastern coastline of Malta from January to June 1985, after exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) were investigated. After long-term exposure to 100 μgl-1 of water-accomodated fractions (WAF) of crude oil, PHC were found to accumulate most rapidly in the digestive gland and then in the gills, with saturation levels being reached within 100 d of exposure in both cases. PHC accumulation, both in the mantle and muscle tissues, was more gradual and consistent throughout the whole exposure period. After 150 d of exposure, the digestive cells of the digestive gland were significantly reduced in height (atrophy) and exhibited reduced lysosomal membrane stability. After 144 h of exposure to higher concentration of PHC (820 and 420 μgl-1), several cytological effects were recorded, including an increase in cell volume and activity of gill mucocytes as well as in the number of haemocytes in gill blood sinuses. There was also evidence of damage to the epithelial lining of the foot, stomach and style sac and marked atrophy of the digestive cells of the digestive gland. The significance of such responses is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in the lysosomal-vacuolar system in digestive cells of Mytilus edulis as a response to increased salinity (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 87 (1985), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of increasing salinity on the ultrastructural morphology of the lysosomal-vacuolar system in digestive cells of the common mussel Mytilus edulis were investigated in order to relate structural changes to previous biochemical and cytochemical observations. After 3 h of increased salinity, from 21 to 35%., the digestive cells showed an increase in numbers of heterolysosomes. There was some evidence of digestive cell breakdown, the contents forming membrane-bound bodies and being released into the tubule lumen. After 12 h of increased salinity, heterolysosomes were prevalent in the digestive cells. There was increased evidence for digestive-cell breakdown, many of the tubule lumina being packed with membrane-bound bodies. It is concluded that increasing salinity from 21 to 35%. stimulates the lysosomal-vacuolar system, as a result of autophagocytosis or apoptosis; this is consistent with the hypothesis that intracellular, lysosomally-mediated, catabolism of proteins is a source for free amino acids during the adaptation of mussels to increased salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of seven point mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with acute intermittent porphyria, by direct sequencing of in vitro amplified cDNA (1992)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 90 (1992), S. 12-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Direct cDNA sequencing has been performed on asymmetrically amplified transcripts from the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Lymphocytes from 30 patients with acute intermittent porphyria were the source of mRNA; of the seven separate point mutations detected, three were silent, whereas four resulted in amino acid changes. Three of these changes involved highly conserved amino acids, and the remaining one a conserved charge. One of these mutations was predicted to cause structural alterations in the protein product. The application of this method to affected families allows the direct identification of these heterogeneous mutations, thus permitting the unequivocal detection of carriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210738
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of a high mutation frequency in exon 12 of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with acute intermittent porphyria (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 92 (1993), S. 619-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Direct cDNA sequencing was performed on asymmetrically amplified transcripts from the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D) gene of thirteen unrelated individuals with acute intermittent porphyria. Four different mutations and a polymorphic site were detected in exon 12 of the gene, four being the result of single base substitutions and one being caused by dinucleotide deletion. All of these mutations are located in domain 3 of the PBG-D molecule, with the single base substitutions affecting the hydrophobic interfaces between domains 1 and 3. The dinucleotide deletion results in a frame-shift producing a premature stop codon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420949
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for involvement of a second genetic locus on chromosome 11q in porphyrin metabolism (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 91 (1993), S. 576-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chester porphyria is a distinct type of acute porphyria, which shows a biochemical overlap with acute intermittent and variegate porphyrias and has a dual enzyme deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Linkage analysis in an extensive family with Chester porphyria was undertaken using multiple polymorphic markers. A maximum two point Lod score of 5.25 at 0.07 recombination (confidence interval 0.01 to 0.14) was observed with D11S351, which has been localised to 11q23.1. Multipoint linkage analysis confirmed the two point results and gave a maximum Lod score of 7.33 at a distance less than 1 cM proximal to D11S351. PBGD also maps to 11q but four recombinants could be identified from ten informative meioses in this family using a PBGD DNA polymorphism. Thus, a separate locus on 11q appears to be the basis of Chester porphyria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205083
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