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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1993-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-7683
    Electronic ISSN: 1431-5866
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 15 (1969), S. 315-331 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus der Sicht des Pariser-Parr-Pople-Modells (PPP) werden die Bedingungen diskutiert, unter denen die HMO-Behandlung induktiver Substituenteneffekte als zuverlässig erscheint. Die HMO-Theorie ist nicht in der Lage, die Verschiebung der ersten intensiven Bande im UV-Spektrum des Fluoranthens („1→−1“-Übergang) bei 3-Aza-Substitution richtig vorauszusagen. Berechnungen an den 5 Azafluoranthenen nach der einfachen PPP-Methode lassen vermuten, daß diese Tatsache durch eine starke Vermischung von Kohlenwasserstoffzuständen — hervorgerufen durch die Wirkung des Substituenten — bedingt ist. Die PPP-Methode sagt ferner beträchtliche Änderungen in den Energien, Intensitäten und Polarisationen der Elektronenübergänge des Fluoranthens voraus, wenn man im Fluoranthen eine Aza-Substitution vornimmt. Die Richtungen des Übergangsmoments, die aus der dichroitischen Absorption des 3-Azafluoranthens in langgestreckten Polyäthylenschichten abgeleitet werden können, stimmen mit den Voraussagen von PPP-Berechnungen überein. Es werden Argumente vorgebracht, die gegen eine Kennzeichnung des ersten Übergangs in 1-Azafluoranthen als n-π *-Übergang sprechen.
    Abstract: Résumé On discute à l'aide du modèle de Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) les conditions de validité du traitement par la méthode de Hückel (HMO) des effets de substituants inductifs. La méthode de Hückel ne peut prédire correctement la direction du déplacement de la première bande intense du spectre UV du fluoranthène (dite transition «1→−1») dans les substitutions aza en 3. Les calculs sur 5 azafluoranthènes à l'aide de la méthode PPP ordinaire suggèrent que cet échec est du à un fort mélange des états de l'hydrocarbure sous l'effet du substituant, et prédit des changements importants dans les énergies, les intensités et les polarisations des transitions du fluoranthène par les substitutions aza. Les directions des moments de transition déduits de l'absorption dichroïque du 3 aza fluoranthène dans des feuilles de polyéthylène étiré sont en accord avec le calcul PPP. On apporte des objections à la caracterisation antérieure de la 1 ère bande du 2 azafluoranthène comme une bande n-π *.
    Notes: Abstract The conditions under which the Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) treatment of inductive substituent effects can be expected to be reliable are discussed from the viewpoint of the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) model. The HMO theory fails to predict correctly the direction of the shift of the first intense band in the ultraviolet spectrum of fluoranthene (“1→−1” transition) on 3-aza “substitution”. Calculations on the five azafluoranthenes using the simple version of the PPP method suggest that this is due to strong mixing of hydrocarbon states by the effect of the “substituent” and predict significant changes in energies, intensities, and polarizations of fluoranthene electronic transitions on aza “substitution”. Transition moment directions derived from dichroic absorption of 3-azafluoranthene in stretched polyethylene sheets are in agreement with PPP predictions. Arguments are given against a previous assignment of the first transition in 1-azafluoranthene as n-π *.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 19 (1970), S. 92-97 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Results of a parameter study of aromatic amines by the standard Pariser-Parr-Pople method are briefly reported. An analysis of the many-electron Hamiltonian of the PPP model provides insight into the relative importance of the one-center parameters in the cases of atoms contributing two, one, and no π-electrons. Results for 9-borafluorene provide an additional illustration.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 6 (1966), S. 141-158 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird oft angenommen, daß sich Acenaphthylen (I) und Fluoranthen (II) in ihrem elektronischen Grundzustand in guter Näherung so verhalten, wie wenn sie sich aus zwei nur locker miteinander gekoppelten Teilsystemen (Naphthalin/Aethylen, bzw. Naphthalin/ Benzol) zusammensetzen würden. Dies legt zunächst die Vermutung nahe, daß auch die niedrigst liegenden elektronisch angeregten Zustände von I und II in einfacher Weise mit den L b , L a , B b und B a Zuständen des Naphthalins und des Benzols in Beziehung setzen lassen, indem man sich des von Simpson vorgeschlagenen „Independent System Approach“ oder des „Molecules in Molecules“ Verfahrens von Longuet-Higgins und Murrell bedient. Es zeigt sich aber, daß dies nicht der Fall ist. Der Grund für das Versagen der genannten Betrachtungsweise ist darin zu suchen, daß sowohl in I als auch in II bereits in den elektronisch angeregten Zuständen niedrigster Energie lokal angeregte Konfigurationen der Teilsysteme eine Rolle spielen, die nicht zu deren L b , L a , B b und B a Zuständen beitragen, sondern zu Zuständen höherer Energie.
    Abstract: Résumé On suppose souvent que dans leurs états électroniques fondamentaux, l'acénaphtylène (I) et le fluoranthène (II) se comportent pratiquement comme s'ils étaient composés de deux systèmes partiels faiblement couplés (naphtalène/éthylène, respectivement naphtalène/benzène). On peut alors croire que les premiers états électroniques excités de I et de II peuvent être simplement mis en rapport avec les états L b , L a , B b et B a du naphthalène et du benzène, par exemple en se servant de la méthode «Independent System Approach » proposée par Simpson ou de la méthode «Molecules in Molecules» proposée par Longuet-Higgins et Murrell. Contrairement à cette attente, l'approximation mentionnée n'est plus valable, même pour les états excités de plus basse énergie. Ceci est dû au fait que des configurations d'excitation locale et de transfert de charge qui contribuent à ces états, et qui ont une énergie élevée, sont basées sur des orbitales moléculaires des systèmes partiels — naphtalène/éthylène ou naphtalène/benzène — qui ne contribuent pas aux états d'excitation locale de basse énergie, L b , L a , B b ou B a , de chacun de ces systèmes.
    Notes: Abstract Acenaphthylene (I) and fluoranthene (II) in their electronic ground state are often regarded as consisting of two weakly interacting subsystems (naphthylene/ethylene or naphthalene/ benzene), which conserve much of their individuality. This seems to suggest that the lower electronically excited states of I and II can also be linked in a simple fashion to the low energy L b , L a , B b , and B a states of naphthalene and of benzene in II and of naphthalene in I, according to either Simpson's “Independent System Approach” or the“ Molecules in Molecules” scheme proposed by Longuet-Higgins and Murrell. Contrary to expectation this approach fails even for the lowest excited states of I and II, because of the extensive mixing of high energy locally excited and charge transfer configurations. These involve molecular orbitals of the subsystems naphthalene/ethylene or naphthalene/benzene, which do not contribute to their low energy L b , L a , B b or B a states.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Chemical shift anisotropy ; Highly strained compounds ; Quantum chemical calculation of shielding tensors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The solid state 13C NMR spectra of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane and [1.1.1]propellane have been measured at low temperature. The orientation of the principal axes of the chemical shielding tensor have been determined with ab initio calculations based on the IGLO (Individual Gauge for Localized Orbitals) method when they are not determined by symmetry. Excellent agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental principal values of the shielding tensor when basis sets containing polarization functions are used. In most cases the agreement is such that the calculated values are within the experimental error.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 72 (1987), S. 333-333 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Photochemistry ; syn-anti isomerization ; Formaldimine ; Conical intersection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The shape of theS 0,S 1, andT 1 potential energy surfaces of formaldimine, CH2=NH, is explored in the two-dimensional subspace defined by the twisting and linear inversion motions which correspond to the geometricalsyn-anti isomerization, using anab initio large-scale CI method. Minima in theS 1 andT 1 surfaces as well as aS 0-S 1 conical intersection are identified and the photoisomerization mechanism is discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 85 (1993), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 89 (1994), S. 401-413 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Electron scattering ; T-matrix method ; Molecular orientation averaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An analytical formula has been derived for averaging the differential cross section for electron scattering with respect to isotropic target molecule orientation. It may be applied to any type ofT-matrix element 〈k out|T|k in〉 in which the plane-wave functionsk out andk in are expanded in a set ofs-type Gaussian functions. The formula for averaging was tested against results obtained by Monte-Carlo-type calculations and against experimental data for elastic electron scattering by the H2 molecule.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Transition moment and gradient directions ; Selection of configurations ; Timedependent Hartree-Fock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Comparison is presented of energies, oscillator strengths, and polarization directions calculated using the dipole length and dipole velocity formulas for the lowest 4–7ππ * transitions in eight 6π-electron molecules of C s symmetry using various amounts of CI, from singly excited configurations only (SCI) to complete CI (CCI), and also using the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method. The standard simple PPP approximation was used. For the strongest transitions, SCI and especially TDHF give results in fairly good agreement with CCI. For weaker transitions both SCI and TDHF give similar results, quite different from the CCI solutions. Rational methods for selecting a small number of configurations needed to reproduce correct order of excited states (SECI-1) or a somewhat larger number reproducing correct order, energies, oscillator strengths and polarization directions of transitions (SECI-2) are presented. Both, and particularly the latter, give similar results from both dipole length or dipole velocity formulas when Linderberg's relation is used for matrix elements of the linear momentum operator and in this respect resemble the TDHF and CCI methods for which both formulas necessarily give identical results.
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