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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population studies on benthic nematodes within a subtropical seagrass community (1967)
    Springer
    Marine biology 1 (1967), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Examination of the benthic nematode fauna of the soft surface sediments of a turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum König) bed in Biscayne Bay (Miami, Florida) has revealed a high degree of homogeneity exemplified by the dominance of four species out of approximately 100 nematode taxa from the area. The dominant species, Metoncholaimus scissus, Theristus fistulatus, Spirinia parasitifera and Gomphionema typica, regularly comprised between 87 and 95% of the total number of nematodes present in samples collected during the winter and spring of 1966. T. fistulatus showed an abundance of 56% over the course of the study, i.e., 160 samples collected over a period of 14 months. Maximal peaks in population densities were noted and correlated with physiographic alterations in the environment. The M. scissus population declined concurrent with changes in the community; at the same time, with accumulation of sediment, the Terschellingia longicaudata population increased. Ratios of species, and especially shifts in the dominantforms present, with repeated collections, are extremely useful indicators of important biological and physical changes in a particular environment. Analysis of distributional data on dominant species in 64 samples from eight closely approximated positions showed that observed temporal and spatial variations were not significant statistically at the 5% level. It is concluded that erroneous observations can be made from ecological studies based on field data derived without proper replication or consideration of seasonal factors. The latter as well as intrinsic variability within the particular locality itself contribute to the basic faunistic composition of benthic communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386510
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeasts from the North Sea (1967)
    Springer
    Marine biology 1 (1967), S. 118-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Yeasts were isolated from twelve established sites in the North Sea from 1964 to 1966. A percentage frequency of 99% with populations varying from 〈10 to 〉3000 viable cells/L was observed. This mycota was characterized by considerable spatial and temporal fluctuation, with the dominant yeast present being the ascosporogenous species, Debaryomyces hansenii. This taxon, as well as other common North Sea yeasts, e.g., Rhodotorula rubra and Candida diddensii, have been reported frequently from other marine locales. Noteworthy concentrations of yeasts, especially D. hansenii, were observed during summer months, often in association with various stages of development of the dinoflagellate, Noctiluca miliaris. The population dynamics of the North Sea yeasts are discussed in relation to similar studies of other marine environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386516
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulose degradation by Lulworthia floridana and other lignicolous marine fungi (1968)
    Springer
    Marine biology 2 (1968), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gravimetric analyses of cellulose (Solka Floc) utilization by representative marine Ascomycetes, including Lulworthia floridana, Lindra sp., Torpedospora sp. and Halosphaeria mediosetigera, have shown noteworthy activity based on loss of weight of cellulose by the various fungi. Particularly striking activity is evidenced by L. floridana and Torpedospora sp., with 〉50% cellulose degradation after 3 weeks of fungal growth. Comparable studies with the deuteromycete, Dendryphiella salina, showed 〉50% loss within 6 days. Dissimilar responses by various L. floridana isolates are noted. Intensive degradative activity at pH's of 6 to 8 is common along with negligible amounts of cellulase (Cx units). Adsorption of the enzyme to the mycelia or to the cellulose particles in the medium is suggested. Earlier laboratory analyses of fungal degradation of Manila cordage compare favorably with present gravimetric studies and support field observations on the significance of fungal infestation of wood, particularly that incited by the Lulworthia floridana group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351636
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological investigations of the marine nematode Metoncholaimus scissus (1970)
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Significant concentrations of the large oncholaimid Metoncholaimus scissus Wieser and Hopper (1967) (〉7000 animals/24 cm2 area or 2.68x106 specimens/m2) have been noted in soft-bottom turtle grass communities. Activities of the nematode frequently show an indirect relationship to blooms of the benthic diatom Pleurosigma balticum. Analysis of biomass data for M. scissus (as much as 28 g wet weight/m2) demonstrate the importance of microsite activity and sensitivity of the species to small significant changes in the benthic environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352606
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology and characterization of yeasts from aquatic regions of South Florida (1968)
    Springer
    Marine biology 1 (1968), S. 291-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mycological investigations, entailing over 400 samples from 120 separate collection stations, of the composite aquatic regions of southern Florida and adjacent areas have been developed. A collection of over 1000 yeasts, representing more than 50 taxa, has been characterized and studied. Highest yeast densities were found in freshwaters with the recovery of yeasts per sample decreasing from 100% to approximately 70% with lowered organic content, increasing salinity and remoteness from land. Average cell population densities, variety of species, and particularly the number of sexual yeasts, decreased in saline samples. The isolation media used were evaluated and have been discussed in terms of yeast densities obtained. Stritly oxidative species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Rhodotorula and the sexual yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii, were the most widespread in all the habitas studied and the predominant forms in water of relatively low organic content. Selective survival of certain yeasts in the various aquatic environments was suggested. Definite distributional patterns were exhibited by various taxa and the possible existence of “indicator” species wa suggested. The systematics of the fungi have been reviewed at length and the significance of strain differences considered and discussed as related to the unique characteristics of the various ecological habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360780
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) age and weight on results of the avian dietary toxicity test (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 45 (1990), S. 667-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700984
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative toxicity of azinphos-methyl to house mice, laboratory mice, deer mice, and gray-tailed voles (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 478-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory toxicity study on house mice and laboratory mice (Mus musculus), gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was conducted as part of a comprehensive laboratory and field study to field validate laboratory-based risk assessment of pesticides. The single dose oral LD50 for the organophosphorus insecticide azinphos-methyl (Guthion®) was 10, 11, 32, and 48 mg/kg body weight in wild house mice, laboratory mice, gray-tailed voles, and deer mice, respectively. Ten-day dietary LC50s were 277 ppm for laboratory mice, 297 ppm for gray-tailed voles, and 1,180 ppm for deer mice. All treated animals lost more weight, consumed less food, and had depressed brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity compared to controls. Five-day LC50s were significantly higher than 10-day LC50s for laboratory mice and deer mice. For all three species, animals that died during dietary LC50 tests had mean ChE activity of 50–55% while survivors had 56–70% of controls. The conclusions were that: (1) Laboratory mice were not representative of deer mice or gray-tailed voles with respect to sensitivity to azinphosmethyl, but provided a conservative estimate for risk assessment; (2) 10-day dietary LC50 tests indicate substantially greater estimates of toxicity of azinphos-methyl to rodents than do 5-day tests; and (3) brain ChE depression of 45–50% was lethal in these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214150
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 15 (1986), S. 751-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of using two different ages of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) adults within the first breeding season on reproductive tests under standard Toxic Substances Control Act avian reproductive guide-lines. The adult age groups were 7 and 11 months at test initiation. The test chemical was an organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos. The parameters evaluated included food consumption, adult body weight, brain acetylcholinesterase levels, egg production, fertility, hatchability, egg shell thickness, egg weight, and duckling survival and weight. Chlorpyrifos exposure reduced adult body weight, brain acetylcholinesterase activity, egg production, egg shell thickness, egg weight, and day 0 duckling weight in both age groups. Statistically, adult age affected only duckling day 14 weight. However, three of the 7-month hens produced phenotypically different ducklings, suggesting the presence of a different genotype which may have impacted the day 14 weight. Overall age ranging between 7 and 11 months at test initiation did not affect this mallard reproductive test. In addition, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of using phenotypicaily and genotypically similar test birds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054922
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mallard reproductive testing in a pond environment: A preliminary study (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 15 (1986), S. 757-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 2-year preliminary study was conducted on mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), to determine the feasibility of using outdoor pond enclosures for reproductive studies and to evaluate the effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on mallard reproduction. No significant reproductive effects were observed for mallards receiving 8 ppm (mg/kg of feed) chlorpyrifos in their diet. Birds receiving 80 ppm chlorpyrifos hatched significantly (p 〈 0.05) fewer ducklings per successful nest (5.8) than controls (10.2). None of the ducklings on treatment ponds survived to 7 days. Control birds produced 8.4 ducklings per successful nest surviving to 7 days or longer. Birds in the 80 ppm treatment group consumed less feed than did controls (p 〈 0.01). Weight loss from reduced feed consumption did not occur to the extent expected, indicating that birds supplemented their diets with natural foods found in and around the ponds. In spite of relatively low treated feed consumption, brain acetylcholinesterase was significantly (p 〈 0.05) depressed (57% of controls) for 80 ppm treated birds. Studies on indoor penned mallards fed 80 ppm chlorpyrifos in their diet also resulted in acetylcholinesterase depression to the same extent, but at much higher feed consumption levels. The study demonstrated the potential of using outdoor pond enclosures to evaluate chemical effects on food consumption, brain acetylcholinesterase, and reproduction in mallards. Improvements to the study design and to the pond enclosures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054923
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and diversity of halophilic bacteria in a subsurface salt formation (1998)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 2 (1998), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Salt mine ; Halophilic bacteria ; Halobacterium ; Cellulose degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is a salt mine constructed 650 meters below the ground surface by the United States Department of Energy. The facility will be used for permanent disposal of transuranic wastes. This underground repository has been constructed in the geologically stable Permian age Salado salt formation. Of the wastes to be placed into the facility, 85% will be biodegradable cellulose. A 3-year survey of the bacterial populations existing within the facility was conducted. Bacterial populations were found to be heterogeneously distributed throughout the mine. Populations in some mine areas reached as high as 1.0 × 104 colony-forming units per gram of NaCl. The heterogeneous distribution of bacteria within the mine did not follow any recognizable pattern related to either age of the workings or to human activity. A biochemical comparison between ten known species of halophilic bacteria, and strains isolated from both the mine and nearby surface hypersaline lakes, showed the presence of extreme halophiles with wide biochemical diversity, some of which could prove to represent previously undescribed groups. The halophilic bacteria isolated from the mine were found to degrade cellulose and a wide variety of other carbon compounds. When exposed to two types of common laboratory paper, the cellulose-degrading halophiles attached to the substrate within 30 minutes of inoculation. Cultures enriched directly from a brine seep in the mine easily destroyed both papers and produced detectable amounts of oxalacetic and pyruvic acids. The combination of heterogeneity in the distribution of organisms, the presence of a physiologically diverse community, and the relatively slow metabolism of cellulose may explain several long-standing debates about the existence of microorganisms in ancient underground salt formations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050075
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