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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High data density temperature measurement for quasi steady-state flows (1996)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 21 (1996), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new optical instrument, the liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer (LCPDI), is used to measure the temperature distribution across a heated chamber filled with silicone oil. Data taken using the LCPDI are compared to equivalent measurements made with a traversing thermocouple and the two data sets show excellent agreement. This instrument maintains the compact, robust design of Linnik's point diffraction interferometer and adds to it phase stepping capability for quantitative interferogram analysis. The result is a compact, simple to align, environmentally insensitive interferometer capable of accurately measuring optical wavefronts with very high data density and with automated data reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204630
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polypeptide structure and assembly of Ly-2/3 heterodimers (1985)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 21 (1985), S. 519-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mild reduction of mature, thymic Ly-2/3 heterodimers of M r 67 000 resulted in dissociation into three individual polypeptide chains, α, α′, and β, of respective M r values 38000, 35000, and 30000. The α and α′ chains were both immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody directed to the Ly-2.1 epitope whereas the Ly-3.1 antibody bound only the β chain. The possibility that the α and β chains of each heterodimer established their interchain links within a labile precursor protein in which a and β segments were fused was considered but discounted by the finding that in mice heterozygous for both Ly-2 and Ly-3 loci, the Ly-2 product of one chromosome was not exclusively joined to Ly-3 structures coded by the same chromosome. By utilizing ionic detergents which selectively alter the charge of intrinsic membrane proteins, both Ly-2 and Ly-3 polypeptides were shown to have membrane insertion sites. It is suggested that as a consequence of their likely synthesis on membrane-bound polysomes, newly synthesized Ly-2 and Ly-3 structures accumulate within the same subcellular compartment — the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their elevated concentration within this space may facilitate a low affinity binding interaction between Ly-2 and Ly-3 which is later stabilized by interchain disulfide bond formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395876
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intracytoplasmic membrane system of the bacteroids of subterraneum clover nodules (Trifolium subterraneum L.) (1963)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 47 (1963), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A vesicular intracytoplasmic membrane system is demonstrated in bacteroids from the leghaemoglobin filled zone of effective Trifolium subterraneum nodules after KMnO4 and OsO4 fixation. The system appears to be present in all mature bacteroids from this zone, and is derived from tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane of the bacteriod. A granular substance similar to the bacteroid cytoplasm is found in the vesicles which are bounded by a tripartite membrane approximately 80 Å wide, while the interspace between the vesicles is filled with a material of similar appearance to that in the interspace between bacteroid plasma membrane and cell wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408285
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the heterocyst and akinete of the blue-green algae (1963)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 47 (1963), S. 19-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the heterocyst and its development from the vegetative cell is described. The ultrastructure of the akinete is also described. The “mature” heterocyst (still attached to the filament) has an elaborate structure which is distinct from both that of the normal vegetative cell and the akinete (the normal reproductive cell). Despite the extra structural detail seen in the electron micrographs, the observations do not indicate a likely physiological role for the heterocyst. However, since the developing-mature heterocyst has an organised structure, it is probable that it has an active metabolism. In contrast, the detached heterocyst has a highly disorganised structure and, for this reason, it is likely to be metabolically inactive and incapable of germination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408286
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure changes in the development of the nodules of Trifolium subterraneum L. and Medicago tribuloides Desr. (1964)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 49 (1964), S. 209-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscope observations of thin sections of nodules of subterranean clover and barrel medic, after fixation in KMnO4 or OsO4, show that following infection there is a marked increase in the amount of endoplasmic reticulum, in the number of ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria and proplastids in the host cells.As the infection thread approaches the nucleus, large gaps appear in the nuclear membrane. During the formation of the membrane envelopes around the rhizobia, after their release from the infection thread, the reticulum changes from a predominantly plate-like to a vesicular form. As the bacteroids develop the plastids of the host cells become filled with starch, and become aligned, with the mitochondria, against the cell walls of the host cells. Plastids in noninvaded cells also become starch-filled. Bacteroids and host cells enlarge further and finally the bacterioids occupy most of the cytoplasm of the host cell, except for the nuclear region and vacuole. With OsO4 fixation the nucleoplasm, predominantly fibrillar before infection, with a dense staining nucleolus, becomes packed with dense ribosome-like (≅150 A° diameter) granules. No such changes occur in the nuclei of non-infected cells. In the proplastids and plastids many small, electron dense particles (≅60 A° diameter) (phytoferritin?) are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the bacteroid in the root nodule of barrel medic (Medicago tribuloides Desr.) and subterraneum clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) (1963)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 46 (1963), S. 382-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The development of the bacteriod is traced from thin sections of slices of nodules fixed in KMnO4 and OsO4. While in the infection thread the Rhizobium cell has the ultrastructure characteristic of gram-negative bacteria, with two unit membranes bounding a granular cytoplasm containing dense bodies, a nucleoid area and inclusion granules. A 10–12 fold increase in size, a loss of inclusion granules and the formation of a membrane envelope around each Rhizobium cell follows the dispersal of the rhizobia through the host cytoplasm. As the bacteriods develop there is a loss of fibrillar material from the nucleoid region and changes occur in the distribution of ribosome-like particles in both host and bacterial cells. When fully differentiated and presumably fixing nitrogen the bacteroids from the red zone of subterraneum clover nodules but not barrel medic have a well developed intra-cytoplasmic membrane system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408492
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The legume Rhizosphere (1964)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 47 (1964), S. 344-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Examination of the root surfaces of Medicago tribuloides Desr. with phase contrast microscopy or electron microscopy using thin sections revealed the presence of a layer of material outside the root surface. In thin sections of KMnO4 fixed roots this layer was composed of a thin electron dense layer, an electron dense granular matrix of varying width and an enclosing electron dense membrane. After inoculation with an effective Rhizobium strain, rhizobia were found aggregated in a definite zone adjacent to the root surface when either living roots were examined by phase microscopy or thin sections by electron microscopy. This layer was also found in inoculated and uninoculated roots of Trifolium fragiferum and T. pratense. The bacteria were packed with inclusion granules and lay enclosed by a membrane layer adjacent to the granular matrix seen in uninoculated roots. The ultrastructural organisation of root hairs is essentially similar to that of other differentiated root cells. The replicated surface of the uninoculated root hair wall is largely amorphous with a few sculptured portions resembling a cuticle layer. The inoculated root hair wall often shows areas of exposed, open microfibrillar meshwork with rhizobia sitting on the microfibrils. The rhizobia resemble a flagellated, coccoid swarmer form of Rhizobium which is found in the barrel medic rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406359
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of ammonium nitrate on the fine structure of nodules of medicago tribuloides Desr. and trifolium subterraneum L. (1965)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 51 (1965), S. 233-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408141
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General quantum measurements: Local transition maps (1982)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 84 (1982), S. 239-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of four physically motivated assumptions, it is shown that a general quantum measurement of commuting observables can be represented by a “local transition map,” a special type of positive linear map on a von Neumann algebra. In the case that the algebra is the bounded operators on a Hilbert space, these local transition maps share two properties of von Neumann-type measurements: they decrease “matrix elements” of states and increase their entropy. It is also shown that local transition maps have all the properties of a conditional expectation of a von Neumann algebra onto a subalgebra except that their range is not restricted to the subalgebra. The notion of locality arises from requiring that a quantum measurement may be treated classically when restricted to the commutative algebra generated by the measured observables. The formalism established applies to observables with arbitrary spectrum. In the case that the spectrum is continuous we have only “incomplete” measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208570
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of theophylline using stable isotopes (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; pharmacokinetics ; stable isotopes ; diurnal variation ; single dose administration ; multiple dose administration ; systemic availability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Theophylline, enriched with the stable isotopes13C and15N, was administered intravenously in a dose of 10 mg to 8 healthy men following single (200 mg) and multiple (200 mg 8-hourly for 5 days) oral dose administration of aminophylline. Total plasma clearance, volume of distribution, and half-time determined from the intravenous data were similar, demonstrating that the pharmacokinetics of theophylline after chronic dosing can be predicted from the pharmacokinetics of a single dose. With chronic oral dosing, however, the mean trough concentration was 12% higher at 9 a.m. than at 5 p.m., the end of the dose interval (3.94±0.55 vs. 3.50±0.45 µg·ml−1). The AUC following oral dosing was 25% higher in the multiple dose study than in the single dose study. Simulation analysis suggested that these results could be explained by diurnal variation in the clearance or absorption rate or a combination of both. Thus, the systemic availability of theophylline measured during a single dosage interval after chronic oral dosing to steady state would be overestimated in comparison with that measured after a single oral dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614207
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