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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tryptophans in flavodoxin and synthetic flavinyl peptides characterized by chemical and photochemical oxidations (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 243-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zwei der vier Tryptophan-Reste in Flavodoxin sind relativ gut abgeschirmt, wie das Ausmass der Oxidation durch N-Bromsuccinimid zeigt. Ausserdem kann wahrscheinlich mindestens einer dieser Tryptophan-Reste mit FMN einen stabilen Komplex bilden, wie die Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Photooxidation nahelegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01900069
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of diet shifts by a microcarnivorous fish, Cheilodactylus spectabilis : relationship between feeding mechanics, microhabitat selection and growth (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 132 (1998), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms leading to ontogenetic shifts in prey selectivity are examined for the temperate microcarnivore Cheilodactylus spectabilis (Cheilodactylidae) in north-eastern New Zealand. These fish prey on invertebrates associated with benthic turf and foliose algae, using a suctorial feeding mode combined with oral sorting. All sizes of fish feed in the same shallow-water habitat using the same feeding mode. Dietary analysis revealed that while all sizes of fish consumed similar taxa, the relative proportion of taxa consumed reflected fish size. Juveniles consumed mainly gammarid amphipods while large adults targeted ophiuroids, with an abrupt shift from feeding predominantly on amphipods at 250 mm standard length. This dietary shift loosely coincided with the onset of sexual maturity and a change in growth trajectory, although dietary trends did not differ between sexes. Both juveniles and adults were found to select particular taxa from the available turf micro-fauna, with juveniles consuming smaller sizes of amphipods than adults. Microhabitat use was also found to change ontogenetically. Detailed observations on feeding mechanics suggested that size-related changes in suctorial force allowed the exploitation of a broader range of microhabitats with increasing fish size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050367
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of feeding history on the growth characteristics of a reef fish at settlement (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 114 (1992), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A feeding experiment was conducted on the pelagic stages of the tropical goatfish Upeneus tragula (family Mullidae) to examine how food quantity affects growth characteristics and potential success at settlement. Pelagic goatfish were collected from aggregation rafts 3 nautical miles west of Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef during December 1990. Three tanks in each of four feeding regimes were stocked with 25 pelagic goatfish between 20 and 23 mm standard length (SL). The four feeding regimes were: fed ad lib. (fed): fed once per day (f1pd); starved every second day (stld); starved for 3 d and re-fed (st3d). Fishes were fed 36 to 48 h old Artemia sp. nauplii (Ocean Star strain). Fish were removed from tanks when they underwent metamorphosis, changed pigmentation and settled to the bottom of the tanks. Morphology, muscle development, time taken to settle and biochemical condition were examined. Growth attributes of the treated fish were compared to fish which settled within 24 h of capture (field). All attributes examined were significantly influenced by the feeding treatments. Fish within the fed and st3d treatments were significantly larger and heavier than fish in the less well-fed treatments (f1pd, st1d). Similarly, concentrations of total lipid, carbohydrate and protein in the settled fish were significantly higher in the fed and st3d treatments compared with the st1d and f1pd treatments. For all these morphological and biochemical attributes the st1d and f1pd fish did not significantly differ from the field fishes, but did differ from the fed and st3d fishes. Water content was significantly higher in the f1pd, st1d and field fishes compared with the fed and st3d fish. Furthermore, the average time taken to settle followed the pattern: fed (14d)〈st3d (16d)〈st1d (22d)〈f1pd (24d). Muscle development mirrored the patterns in fish length between treatments, being more developed in the fed treatment and least well developed in the st1d treatment. Feeding rate differed significantly between treatments and changed through the experiment for all but the fed treatment. Feeding rate decreased slightly for the f1pd and st1d treatments over the experimental period, but increased rapidly for the st3d treatment. The experiment suggests that U. tragula are physiologically well suited to exploiting a patchy food source, and that food availability within the pelagic stages can have a major influence on the growth characteristics of this reef fish at settlement. The ramifications of this finding are discussed in relation to survival and success once fish have recruited to the reef population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350866
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure of settlement-marks in the otoliths of tropical reef fishes (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 134 (1999), S. 29-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and ultrastructure of the otolith settlement-mark was examined in 44 tropical reef-fish species spanning nine families. A classification scheme based on similar otolith characteristics is presented. Three major categories are identified based on changes in increment width and optical qualities of the settlement-mark. Of the 44 species examined, 39 possessed “abrupt” settlement-marks (Type I) characterised by a rapid decrease in increment width (up to 50% reduction) over settlement. Type I settlement-marks were found in all nine families examined. The 39 species spanned the whole range of possible larval durations (Pomacentrus moluccensis, 15 d ± 0 SE; Naso hexacanthus, 91.2 d ± 2.97 SE). Four of the 44 species possessed “zonal” settlement-marks (Type II), featuring a band of increments that are wider than pre-settlement increments. Species in this category are the labrids Corisaygula, Thalassoma bifasciatum, T. lunare and an unidentified acanthurid (Acanthurus sp. 2). One species of acanthurid (N. brevirostris) possessed a “gradual” settlement-mark (Type III), manifest as a gradual decrease in increment width during the settlement period. A possible fourth type was identified from the literature. Gnatholepis thompsoni and Coryphopterus glaucofraenum possessed a settlement-mark with increment widths that increased post-settlement. Available data suggest a poor relationship between the structure of the settlement-mark and the magnitude of metamorphosis (previously reported as internal and external morphological change). Evidence suggests that the increment profile over early development and the increment transitions associated with the settlement event are taxon-specific and may enable late-larval stage fishes to be identified to species level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050522
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish feeding on mobile benthic invertebrates: influence of spatial variability in habitat associations (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 121 (1995), S. 627-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of habitat association and foraging were examined for a group of tropical goatfishes (family Mullidae) that feed on mobile benthic invertebrates at Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef). All goatfish possess barbels that disturb the substratum during feeding. Foraging methods were examined for the six most common species and used in conjunction with data on habitat associations to estimate the distribution and potential impact on the benthic invertebrate assemblage of foraging-related disturbance. Particular species exhibited broad habitat associations which differed little over two surveys (January 1989, January 1990). All species showed different preferences for the substrata they foraged. Preferences for substrata exhibited by the most common reef-associated species, Parupeneus multifasciatus, differed among locations separated by 1 km, between sites 150 m apart, and between depths (shallow and deep). Habitat preferences changed with ontogeny. Based on their habitat associations and foraging preferences, species were divided into habitat generalists and specialists. Specialists associated primarily with soft sediments. Habitat generalists, such as P. multifasciatus and P. cyclostomus, are likely to have an impact on their mobile invertebrate prey that is localised, diffuse and transitory, making any experimental analysis difficult and expensive. Habitat specialists form a guild of fishes with complementary feeding modes that efficiently exploit soft sediments and are more amenable to experimental manipulation. Experiments designed to detect the impact of foraging by these fishes must be repeated at different locations and times and must account for depth differences in foraging pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349298
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The COL6A1 and COL6A2 genes exist as a gene cluster and detect highly informative DNA polymorphisms in the telomeric region of human chromosome 21q (1991)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 87 (1991), S. 162-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The genes that encode the alpha 1 (VI) and alpha 2 (VI) collagen chains, designated COL6A1 and COL6A2, map to human chromosomal band 21q22.3. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and somatic cell hybrids, we found that COL6A1 and COL6A2 form a gene cluster on the most distal part of chromosome 21. Furthermore, we detected several DNA polymorphisms (both restriction site and VNTRs) associated with these loci. These polymorphisms make the COL6A1 and COL6A2 genes among the most informative markers on human chromosome 21.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204174
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of the catalytic domain of the GAP gene in human lung cancer cell lines (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell lines of non-small cell lung cancer (nonSCLC) have been shown to contain activating mutation of the K-ras oncogene in about 30% of cases, whereas no small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines displayed these mutations. Biochemically, these mutations result in the ras gene product (p21) being constitutively activated in its GTP-bound form and insensitive to the hydrolytic action of the ras-specific GTPase-activating protein (ras GAP). We hypothesized that, if tumor development is related to the p21 ras being in the active GTP-bound state, then a similar malignant phenotype may result from an inactivating mutation in the ras GAP gene in the region that interacts with ras p21 (so-called catalytic domain). To test this hypothesis, we screened a panel of SCLC and non-SCLC cell lines for major genetic alterations in the catalytic domain of the GAP gene with the Sothern blot technique, and for minor genetic abnormalities (e.g., point mutations) with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and single-strand conformation polymorphism. Mutations in the catalytic domain of the GAP gene could not be demonstrated by any technique in any cell line examined. We conclude that mutational inactivation of the catalytic domain of the GAP gene probably does not contribute to the development of lung cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid (combinatorial) Ia specificities: Gene complementations to generate Ia.22 (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 13 (1981), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ia specificity 22 is expressed on a hybrid I-E molecule formed by the association of a beta chain (Ae) coded for by the I-A subregion and an alpha chain (Eα) encoded by the I-E subregion. Ia.22 can be generated by the complementation of A b , A k A s , A r with E d , E k , E vp , E r , E w3 , E u , E v but not E b , E f , E q , and E s . With the exception of H-2 p which does not complement with A s to generate Ia.22, all Ia.7-positive (I-E) haplotypes can provide the permissive E α allele. It is postulated that Ia.22 is a combinatorial Ia determinant generated by the association of the alpha and beta chains. These determinants are probably involved in the immune recognition of antigens under dual Ir-gene control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00524609
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gp49A gene has extensive sequence conservation with the gp49B gene and provides gp49A protein, a unique member of a large family of activating and inhibitory receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 50 (1999), S. 286-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Mast cells ; gp49A ; gp49B1 ; Inhibitory receptors ; Gene structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Members of the gp49-related family of mouse and human immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily receptors have significant amino acid sequence homology in their C2-type, Ig-like domains and include the killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. We now report the cloning, complete sequence, and organization of the mouse gp49A gene that encodes the only member of this newly-appreciated family without either of two mutually exclusive functional motifs, namely, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) or a charged transmembrane amino acid for heterodimerization with activation molecules. The gp49A and gp49B genes are 94% identical over 5.6 kilobases, the 5′ flanking regions are 94% identical over 1900 nucleotides, and the 3′ flanking regions are 97% identical for 121 nucleotides and then diverge completely; the gp49B gene encodes gp49B1 bearing two ITIMs. As measured by flow cytometry with specific antibody, gp49A is expressed on immature bone-marrow-derived mast cells, mature serosal mast cells, and several mouse mast cell lines. The substantial sequence identity of the introns of the gp49A and gp49B genes is comparable to that of the exons, establishing the gene pair as the most homologous of the gp49-related family and suggesting that the gp49A and gp49B genes arose by duplication with relatively little subsequent mutation. The findings also represent the first demonstration that gp49A is expressed on mast cells in tandem with inhibitory gp49B1, and establish that the gp49A gene is not a pseudogene, but rather encodes a protein product with characteristics different from the other family members.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050604
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H2-E transgenic class II-negative mice can distinguish self from nonself in susceptibility to heterologous thyroglobulins in autoimmune thyroiditis (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 50 (1999), S. 22-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis ; H2-E trangenic mice ; Self vs nonself thyroglobulin ; hTg in transgenic mice ; EAT in transgenic mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Susceptibility to experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) is linked to H2-A class II genes;k and s haplotypes are susceptible, while b and f are resistant. EAT is inducible with thyroglobulins (Tgs) from several mammalian species which share portions of identical sequences. But cross-activation and cross-tolerance studies with mouse (m), human (h), and porcine (p) Tg have indicated mTg-unique T-cell epitope(s), in addition to conserved, in EAT induction. The recent introduction of the HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3) transgene rendered major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-negative (Ab0) mice susceptible to EAT induction by both hTg and mTg, suggesting usage of conserved epitopes. Here, we introduced the H2-Ea k transgene into resistant B10 (H2 b ) or Ab0 mice with a defective Ea gene to provide functional surface H2E (b haplotype) expression. Surprisingly, both transgenic strains showed severe inflammation only after hTg, but not mTg, immunization, although the moderating influence of the A b gene in B10 was evident. In proliferative assays, hTg-primed cells did not respond to mTg, nor to conserved 12mer peptides from three primary hormonogenic sites, two of which can activate T cells for thyroiditis transfer and cytotoxicity. The vigorous response to hTg stimulation was reduced only by Eβb-specific monoclonal antibody. EAT induction with bovine and pTg showed responses similar to hTg, suggesting thyroiditogenic epitopes shared with hTg, but not mTg. This is the first demonstration of: (1) nonpermissiveness for EAT induction with mTg, normally the most thyroiditogenic Tg and the one with unique epitopes for susceptible mice, and (2) the separation of hTg from mTg in EAT induction in H2-E-transgenic mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050682
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