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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unified nomenclature ofIg VH genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of elevenVH families (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary stability of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene families in teleost (1998)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 47 (1998), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Immunoglobulin ; Evolution ; Arctic charr ; Rainbow trout ; VH gene familiy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A comparison between related species would allow us to study the evolutionary changes in complex gene families. To investigate the evolution of immunoglobulin VH gene families in lower vertebrates, we compared cDNA VH clones from two related teleost fish species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which are separated from their common ancestor by 12–20 million years (MY). The results showed that randomly isolated charr VH genes could be closely grouped to known VH genes of rainbow trout, suggesting that the VH family structure is stable during 12–20 MY and that the total number of VH families changes only gradually over a longer period. This finding also led us to define eight VH gene families of Arctic charr, designated Salalp VH I, VH II, and so on. The presence of species-specific amino acids suggests that non-reciprocal genetic exchanges (e.g., gene duplication) play an important role in shaping the evolution of the V gene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050357
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unified nomenclature of Ig VH genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of eleven VH families (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050072
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of VH gene diversity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): both nonsynonymous and synonymous nucleotide changes are more frequent in CDRs than in FRs (1997)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 45 (1997), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Forty-six immunoglobulin VH gene sequences of rainbow trout were compiled to analyze the extent of variations and the frequency of nucleotide changes in CDRs and FRs. The results show that the frequency of nonsynonymous (amino acid replacing) changes (Ka) are on average 4.9 times higher in complementarity determining regions (CDRs) than in FRs, thus contributing more diversity in CDRs. Unexpectedly, however, the frequency of synonymous (silent) changes (Ks) show the same tendency: it was 5.3 times higher in CDRs than in framework regions (FRs). The distribution of Ks/Ka ratios of each comparison shows no segregation between CDRs and FRs. The same analysis applied to five germline VH genes of Heterodontus francisci shows the same result as was found with the rainbow trout. In contrast, the results from mouse data show that, while the CDR/FR ratio for Ka is much higher (7.4), the CDR/FR ratio for Ks is only slightly higher (1.8). The distribution of Ks/Ka ratios in mouse indicates clear segregation between CDRs and FRs. This suggests that CDR germline diversity is largely generated by gene conversion in VHs of lower vertebrates such as rainbow trout or shark. This mechanism might be advantageous to lower vertebrates in generating V gene diversity faster than other mechanisms such as point mutation and selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050190
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical prevention of marine biofouling on a novel titanium-nitride-coated plate formed by radio-frequency arc spraying (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 50 (1998), S. 502-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a new method for forming titanium-nitride(TiN)-coated plates using radio-frequency arc spraying (RFAS). A TiN coating formed by RFAS has been used for electrochemical prevention of marine biofouling. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that a TiN composite film containing Ti was formed on a polyethylene terephthalate plate surface when Ti was sprayed by RFAS under atmospheric pressure. A cyclic voltammogram (scan rate 20 mV/s) of the TiN formed by RFAS revealed no oxidative and reductive peak currents in the range −0.6 V to 1.2 V against a saturated silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode. When a potential of 1.0 V against Ag/AgCl was applied to the electrode in seawater, no dissolved Ti was detected. Changes in pH and the chlorine concentration were not observed in this range. In all, only 4.5% of the Vibrio alginolyticus cells attached to the electrode survived when a potential of 0.8 V against Ag/AgCl was applied in seawater for 30 min. In field experiments, attachment of the organisms to the TiN electrode was inhibited by applying an alternating potential of 1.0 V and −0.6 V against Ag/AgCl. The TiN film can be formed by RFAS on large and intricately shaped surfaces, and it is a practical electrode for the electrochemical prevention of fouling of various marine structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051327
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyse der Oberflächenenergie einiger organischer Polymeren. Vergleich der Kontaktwinkel-Methode bei zwei Flüssigkeiten mit der Methode bei einer Flüssigkeit (1979)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 257 (1979), S. 911-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01383373
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in the Potential of Osteoblasts to Support Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts In Vitro in Response to Roughness of Bone Surface (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 454-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoclasts — Rough surface — Bone resorption — Spleen cells — Alkaline phosphatase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The development of the potential of osteoblasts to support bone resorption by osteoclasts in response to roughness on bone slices was examined in the co-incubation cell system of immature osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells. The immature osteoclasts, which need alkaline phospatase (ALP)-positive osteoblastic cells for bone resorption, were generated in mouse spleen cultures with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and prostaglandin E2. ALP-negative osteoblastic cells from mouse calvaria were incubated on rough surfaced bone slices for 3 days. The number of ALP-positive cells increased greatly on the rough surface, but little on the smooth surface. When immature osteoclasts were added and incubated for 1 more day, the resorption pit number and the total pit areas on the smooth surface were not much different from those before incubation but were approximately four times higher on the rough surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900732
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfated extracellular polysaccharide production by the halophilic cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa halophytia immobilized on light-diffusing optical fibers (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 24-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The cyanobacterium, Aphanocapsa halo-phytia MN-11, was immobilized in calcium alginate gel and coated on light-diffusing optical fibers (LDOF) for sulfated extracellular polysaccharide production. Results indicated that sulfated extracellular polysaccharide production depends on the number of immobilized cells and the light intensity. In addition, the production rate reached 116.0 mg (mg dry cells)-1 day-1 when the cells that were immobilized on LDOF were incubated under a light intensity of 1380 cd sr m-2 at a cell concentration of 1.0×108 cells/cm3 gel. Cells immobilized on LDOF produced about ten times more sulfated extracellular polysaccharide than those immobilized in calcium alginate beads only (11.7 mg(mg dry cells)-1 day-1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050643
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased coccolith production by Emiliania huxleyi cultures enriched with dissolved inorganic carbon (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 460-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Emiliania huxleyi grown on Eppley's medium enriched with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) developed multiple layers of coccoliths. The maximum diameter of cells grown in the presence of 13.2 mM DIC was 12.3 μm, whereas that of cells grown in the presence of 1.5 mM DIC was 8.0 μm. Although enrichment of Eppley's medium with DIC increased both coccolith production and cell growth, coccolith production was enhanced to a greater extent than cell growth. The enrichment of Eppley's medium with DIC was used to enhance production of coccolith particles by E. huxleyi. Repeated-batch culture, in which DIC, Ca2+, nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the medium were maintained by replacing the culture medium, was carried out in a closed photobioreactor. During repeated-batch culture, a maximum coccolith yield of 560 mg/l for 2 days and a maximum biomass yield of 810 mg/l for 2 days were achieved. Enrichment and maintenance of DIC is therefore an efficient method for the production of large quantities of coccoliths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218449
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro electrochemical detection of wheat allergen using rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-1) cells (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 622-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated an electrochemical method of detecting foods that cause an allergic reaction. Rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-1) cells were sensitized with serum from a rat that was allergic to wheat. A sample containing the protein fraction of a food was added to the cells and incubated. The cells were immobilized on a membrane filter and attached to a basalplane pyrolytic graphite electrode. When a potential was applied in the range 0–1.0 V relative to a saturated calomel electrode, an anodic peak current appeared at around 0.33 V. This peak current, attributed to serotonin, increased with time, and the maximum current (0.5 μA) was obtained 20–25 min of incubation. The response of the RBL-1 cells was specific to the protein fraction of wheat. The peak current increased linearly with increasing protein concentration in the range of 0.01–0.5 μg ml−1. These results suggest that the concentration of the protein bringing about the allergic reaction can be determined by cyclic voltammetry within 25 min. This method is more sensitive than the conventional skin tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164764
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