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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 2 (1978), S. 385-390 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce an extension of the concept of variational derivative which allows us to derive an integral identity in the variational formalism. It is applied to characterize the kernel and range of the variational derivative and the divergence operator.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 3 (1979), S. 419-424 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For a wide class of lagrangian systems we show rigorously that the conventional formulation of Noether's theorem provides a bijective map from the set of equivalence classes of Noether's symmetries onto the set of equivalence classes of conserved currents. We further discuss if Noether's theorem is generalized in a significant way by several formulations proposed in this decade.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 3 (1979), S. 453-453 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 5 (1981), S. 99-103 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An infinite-dimensional Lie algebra is presented whose associated Kirillov's operator leads to a Hamiltonian structure arising in the analysis of certain nonlinear evolution equations.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 811-819 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: pitch pyrolysis ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Characterisierung von Pech durch Thermoanalyse ist hoch relevant für die praktische Anwendung derartiger Materialien, da sie in all ihren Anwendungsprozessen erhitzt werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand in einer erweiterten Auslegung der komplexen DTA- Kurven von Pech durch den Vergleich mit Modellverbindungen. Hierzu wurde TG/DTG/DTA angewendet, um unter identischen Bedingungen die Pyrolyse von Erdölpech und Kohlenteerpech als auch einiger polycyclischer Kohlenwasserstoffe zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse werden als Funktion von Molekülstruktur, Pyrolysereaktionsvermögen und der Graphitisierungsfähigkeit von Kohlenwasserstoffkoks interpretiert. Kondensation und Polymerisation — die beiden häufigsten exothermen Reaktionen bei Erdölpech — zeigen die Gegenwart von reaktionsfähigen Molekülen an. Im Gegensatz dazu weisen endotherme Erscheinungen, wie z.B. die hauptsächlichsten Reaktionen bei Kohlenteerpech: Destillation, Depolymerisation und Kracken, auf die Gegenwart von leichten, aromatischen Molekülen mit geringer Reaktivität hin.
    Notes: Abstract Characterization of pitches by thermal analysis techniques is highly relevant to the practical use of these materials, as they undergo heat treatments in all of their utilization processes. The aim of this work was to improve the interpretation of the complex DTA curves of pitches by comparison with model compounds. For this, TG/DTG/DTA was used to study under identical conditions the pyrolysis of a petroleum pitch and a coal tar pitch as well as a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Results were interpreted as a function of the molecular structure, pyrolysis reactivity and graphitizability of cokes from the hydrocarbons. It is concluded that condensation and polymerization, which are the most likely exothermal reactions predominant in petroleum pitches, indicate the presence therein of reactive molecules. Alternatively, endothermal phenomena such as distillation, depolymerization and cracking, predominant in coal tar pitches, suggest the presence of light, little reactive aromatic molecules.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study relating catalytic properties and structural characteristics of Mo-Pr oxide catalysts supported on silica, with Mo/(Mo + Pr) atomic ratios between 0 and 1, has been carried out. Catalytic activity for propene oxidation and selectivities to partial oxidation products were maximal in the atomic ratio range 0.8 to 1.0. The infra-red study of pyridine adsorption showed a maximum of surface acidity for the most active and selective catalysts. X-ray diffraction showed the amorphous character of phases present in the supported catalysts, despite the high active phase loading (20 wt %). FT-IR and Raman spectra showed the presence of surface polymolybdates of both octahedral and tetrahedral types of symmetry, as well as finelydivided ‘free MoO3’. The high activity and selectivity are associated with the presence of highly-dispersed polymolybdates with acidic characteristics, while praseodymium oxide is thought to have a role in oxygen activation on basic centres.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 58 (1990), S. 2581-2587 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Samples of pyrite-rich brown coal from As Pontes and Meirama coalfields (Spain) were oxidized either by air at atmospheric pressure or by a cool oxygen plasma generated by radiofrequency activation. Despite the very different nature and characteristics of the oxidizing media, in both cases the RT Mössbauer spectra were easily fitted to two doublets, whose parameters matched those of pyrite and jarosite (hydrated iron (III) sulphate). The extent of pyrite oxidation to jarosite was monitored by the relative spectral areas of pyrite and jarosite doublets. Both, air and plasma, oxidized pyrite to the same extent and in a similar way, in contrast to coal organic matter, which was scarcely modified by air but completely oxidized by the plasma at the same temperature (ca. 423 K). The incomplete oxidation of pyrite by plasma is attributed to the action of a thin calcium sulphate layer which hinders the access of activated oxygen to small pyrite crystals.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to determine the iron-containing minerals that remained in two different Spanish subbituminous coals after acidic treatments. Spectra were taken before and after treatments of both coals with HCl and HCl followed by HF. Pyrite, jarosite and Fe2+-clay were the main iron mineral constituents of the untreated samples. After the treatments significant changes in the relative concentration of these species were noticed. The weakness of the used demineralization procedures is discussed.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-10-08
    Description: Background: The decentralised and private nature of small-scale renewable energy development does not fit traditional models of government planning and oversight. The land use impacts related to these developments are not well understood and data is lacking related to the environmental, social and economic impacts that can occur under various scenarios. Methods: This research note provides a literature review of the scarce information available about the spatial impacts of small-scale renewable energy and outlines the current stream of research being undertaken to address this knowledge gap. The preliminary case studies in Overijssel, the Netherlands and Navarre, Spain provide the background for understanding this complex issue, and a new integrated policy and land use model is introduced in order to combine qualitative and qualitative data that is important for understanding the dynamics of this growing field. Results: The main difficulties in moving forward in planning for the decentralised renewable energytransition are the variation of perspectives on the attractiveness and appropriateness of urban renewableenergy (RE) development, differences in implementation processes and incentives, the dynamic nature ofthe relevant technologies and the lack of up to date information on land use. Conclusions: Multi-functional land use is a key strategy for increasing the uptake of small-scale renewable energy but little to no data is available regarding it in European land use literature and policy. This needs to be addressed in order to enable pragmatic policies that will enable effective implementation of renewable energy.
    Electronic ISSN: 2192-0567
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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