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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ETACS European Project for testing the comparability of sensors and analysers: Part II. Field tests (2000)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Quality assurance ; Field tests ; Protocol ; Sensors/analysers ; Wastewater analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The results of field tests performed within the European Testing and Assessment of Comparability of On-line Sensors/Analysers (ETACS) European Project are presented in this article. This work is complementary to the laboratory tests, already published in Part I in this Journal. The objective was to consider the complete measuring chain, including the sensor/analyser, sampling elements, pumping and conditioning devices needed for a particular application. These aspects were not included in the laboratory tests and, therefore, new facets were involved. Field tests are considered site specific in terms of the sample dynamic range and matrix composition, as well as event dependent with respect to environmental conditions. A protocol for checking the performance of sensors/analysers working in a field location is presented. The protocol is a general guide and, therefore, can be used independently of the nature of the sensor/analyser under evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690000158
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 688-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of a nucleotide polymorphism in the core promoter of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene was examined in the population of southern Germany. The allelic frequencies were 0.595 for the C allele and 0.405 for the T allele. The allelic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This new marker provides a valuable tool to assess the risk for putative bradykinin-associated disorders with genetic determinism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02281884
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 688-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of a nucleotide polymorphism in the core promoter of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene was examined in the population of southern Germany. The allelic frequencies were 0.595 for the C allele and 0.405 for the T allele. The allelic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This new marker provides a valuable tool to assess the risk for putative bradykinin-associated disorders with genetic determinism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of an animal feed reference material for the organochlorine pesticide contents: BCR CRM 115 (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 357 (1997), S. 1035-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  An animal feed reference material has been prepared and enriched with 15 organochlorine pesticides at levels close to the maximum residue limits set up in the European Directive 74/63/EEC. The homogeneity of the material has been assessed on the basis of the pesticide contents at a level of sample intake of 5 g. The one year stability study revealed an instability of heptachlor, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, α-HCH and γ-HCH (decrease in content) and p,p′-TDE (increase) at +37 °C; at +20 °C no instability could be demonstrated. The material has been certified in an interlaboratory certification study for: HCB (0.0194 mg/kg), β-HCH (0.023 mg/kg), γ-HCH (0.0218 mg/kg), heptachlor (0.019 mg/kg), γ-Chlordane (0.048 mg/kg), α-Endosulfan (0.046 mg/kg), Dieldrin (0.018 mg/kg), Endrin (0.046 mg/kg), o,p′-DDT (0.046 mg/kg) and p,p′-DDE (0.047 mg/kg). The α-HCH isomer, Aldrin, β-Heptachloro-epoxide, p,p′-DDT and p,p′-TDE could not be certified. The methods used for the certification are described as well as the major difficulties encountered in the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050300
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of powdered candidate biological and environmental reference materials in the laboratories of the Joint Research Centre (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The production of candidate biological and environmental reference materials in the laboratories of the Joint Research Centre, mainly on behalf of BCR, started in 1972 in Ispra and became concentrated in 1984 in Geel. Today, dedicated facilities for the transformation of biological and solid or liquid materials into dry powder samples are in use. The major guidelines followed in the conception of these facilities are described. Some typical examples of facilities developed or adapted to fulfil the specific requirements of professional CRM preparation are discussed, e.g. the whole-Teflon cryo-grinding equipment, the in-line controlled freeze-drier, the special facility for clean and dry handling of powders, the milling with classification equipment and the automation of bottling and labelling operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050697
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Working plan for decommissioning of the Lovisa Atomic Power Plant (1989)
    Springer
    Atomic energy 67 (1989), S. 580-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Conclusion The option with dismantling of radioactive parts immediately after completion of power operation was adopted for the decommissioning of the Lovisa Atomic Power Plant. If the engineering life of the power units is 30 yr, the decommissioning of the first power unit will begin in 2008 and that of the second power unit in 2012. The entire period of decommissioning of the atomic power plant from the time of shutdown of the first power unit until the burial facilities are sealed and license obligations are discharged will last more than 12 yr. Careful analyses showed that the dismantling of radioactive parts of the power units is possible through the use of methods that have already been developed. According to estimates and calculations, decommissioning operations for the power units of the atomic power plant will require approximately 3000 man-yr. Waste from dismantling can be buried safely in facilities built in the bedrock at the plant site. The irradiation doses to the public due to the burial of such waste remain low. The collective irradiation dose to personnel engaged in dismantling is estimated to be 23 man-Sv. The costs for decommissioning the power units of the atomic power plant, as calculated from the data compiled, are 800 million Finnish marks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01125252
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colour vision in the passeriform bird, Leiothrix lutea: correlation of visual pigment absorbance and oil droplet transmission with spectral sensitivity (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Leiothrix lutea ; Photopigments ; Oil droplets ; Spectral sensitivity ; UV-cone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The visual receptors in the retina of the passeriform bird Leiothrix lutea were examined microspectro-photometrically. The rods had a maximum absorbance close to 500 nm. Four spectrally different classes of single cone were identified with typical combinations of photopigments and oil droplets: a long-wave sensitive cone with a photopigment P568 and a droplet with a cut-off wavelength at 564 nm, a middle-wave sensitive cone with a P499 and a droplet with a cut-off at 506 nm, a short-wave sensitive cone with a P454 and a droplet with maximum absorbance below 410nm and an ultraviolet sensitive cone with a P355 and a transparent droplet. Double cones possessed a P568 in both the principal and accessory members. A pale droplet with variable absorbance (maximal at about 420 nm) was associated with the principal member whereas the ellipsoid region of the accessory member contained only low concentrations of carotenoid. The effective spectral sensitivities of the different cone classes were calculated from the characteristic combinations of oil droplets and photopigments and corrected for the absorbance of the ocular media. Comparison of these results with the behavioural spectral sensitivity function of Leiothrix lutea suggests that the increment threshold photopic spectral sensitivity of this avian species is mediated by the 4 single cone classes modified by neural opponent mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innate colour preferences of flower visitors (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Colour preference ; Flower colouration ; Flower visitation ; Visual signals ; Innate behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Freshly emerged flower visitors exhibit colour preferences prior to individual experience with flowers. The understanding of innate colour preferences in flower visitors requires a detailed analysis, as, on the one hand, colour is a multiple-signal stimulus, and, on the other hand, flower visits include a sequence of behavioural reactions each of which can be driven by a preferential behaviour. Behavioural reactions, such as the distant approach, the close-range orientation, the landing, and the extension of mouthparts can be triggered by colour stimuli. The physiological limitations of spectral sensitivity, the neuro-sensory filters, and the animals' different abilities to make use of visual information such as brightness perception, wavelength-specific behaviour and colour vision shape colour preferences. Besides these receiverbased factors, there are restrictions of flower colouration due to sender-based factors such as the absorption properties of floral pigments and the dual function of flower colours triggering both innate and learned behaviour. Recordings of the spectral reflection of coloured objects, which trigger innate colour preferences, provide an objective measure of the colour stimuli. Weighting the spectral reflection of coloured objects by the spectral composition of the ambient light and the spectral sensitivity of the flower visitors' photoreceptors allows the calculation of the effective stimuli. Perceptual dimensions are known for only a few taxa of flower visitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243394
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral sensitivities including the ultraviolet of the passeriform bird Leiothrix lutea (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 709-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Spectral sensitivity ; UV ; Passeriform bird ; Photopic ; Mesopic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spectral sensitivity functions of a passeriform bird, the Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea (Timalidae) were determined in a behavioural test under different background illuminations. 1. With photopic illumination the spectral sensitivity of Leiothrix lutea covered the measured range from 320 nm to 680 nm. Four peaks of spectral sensitivity were found: a UV (370 nm), a blue (460 nm), a green (530 nm) and a red (620 nm) sensitivity peak. The spectral sensitivity was highest in the UV and decreased (over the blue and the green peak) towards the red sensitivity peak. The 4 peaks of spectral sensitivity point to 4 underlying cone mechanisms under photopic illumination and thus to a probably tetrachromatic colour vision of Leiothrix lutea. 2. With mesopic illumination the bird's spectral sensitivity covered the measured range from 320 nm to 680 nm. Neural interactions between cone and rod sensitivities are likely to determine this function. The increased overall sensitivity and a dominant sensitivity peak at 500 nm point to a typical rhodopsin as the likely rod photopigment. 3. Different aspects of the biological significance of the high UV sensitivity are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198981
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of a certified reference material of polar pesticides in freeze-dried water (CRM 606) (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 363 (1999), S. 632-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of a certified reference material of polar pesticides in freeze-dried water is described. The pesticides selected were atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil, linuron, fenamiphos and permethrin which were added to 6000 litres of tap water at 50–80 μg · L–1 (200–320 μg · L–1 for permethrin) level in presence of NaCl (2.5 g · L–1) prior lyophilization. After the freeze-drying process the residue was rehomogenized, filled into amber glass bottles and stored at –20 °C, +4 °C and +20 °C. All pesticides were determined by HPLC/diode array detector, except permethrin which was determined by GC/ECD. The results obtained for atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil, linuron and fenamiphos showed no within- or between-bottle inhomogeneity, however the material was non-homogeneous for permethrin and therefore this was withdrawn from further studies. With respect to the stability for over one year, all pesticides were stable at –20 °C. At +4 °C all pesticides were stable for at least 9 months and at +20 °C the stability was demonstrated only during the first month of storage. The content (mass fractions) of atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil and linuron in freeze-dried water (CRM 606) was certified by an interlaboratory testing and a certification campaign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051263
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