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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 162 (1969), S. 374-383 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Asexuelle, knospenlose Hydren wurden mit einer Lösung von „Bayer E 39 (1∶75000), solubile“ behandelt. Einige Tiere wurden nach 4, 6, 10 und 24 Std fixiert, die übrigen nach 24 Std in das Aquariumwasser zurückversetzt. Diese Hydren wurden in Zeitabschnitten von 24 Std innerhalb von 8 Tagen fixiert. Im Verlauf der ersten 6 Tage fressen und wachsen alle Hydren und bilden Knospen. Am 7. Tag (bei einigen am 8. Tag) beginnt die Depression: Die Nahrungsaufnahme hört auf, die Polypen kontrahieren sich allmählich und ihre Tentakel verkürzen sich. Bis zum 16. Tag sind alle Hydren eingegangen. In den ersten Stunden nach der Behandlung (bis zu 10 Std) sind imEktoderm fast gar keine Veränderungen zu bemerken, imGastroderm kommt es jedoch zu Veränderungen in der Größe, Form und im Bau der zymogenen Zellen. Nach dem 1. Tag verschwinden die interstitiellen Zellen allmählich, aber die Cnidoblasten und die Cniden verbleiben vollzählig bis zum 7. Tag, dann aber nimmt die Zahl der Cnidoblasten ab. In geringerer Zahl bleiben jedoch die Cniden bis zum Lebensende erhalten. Die zymogenen Zellen dedifferenzieren sich zu interstitiellen Zellen, einige unter ihnen verwandeln sich in kleine kugelförmige, ausgesprochen basophile Zellen, welche sich an der Mesogloea ansammeln. Am Anfang, wenn E 39 noch nicht zu voller Wirkung gekommen ist, durchwandern interstitielle Zellen die Mesogloea und gliedern sich in das Ektoderm ein. Dieser Zellübergang nimmt allmählich ab, hört aber niemals vollkommen auf. Während dieser Zeit häufen sich immer mehr reife Cniden im Gastroderm an. Die Autoren sind der Meinung, daß es sich hierbei um Cniden handelt, die sich einerseits aus jenen Cnidoblasten entwickelt haben, die am Anfang der Behandlung aus dem Ektoderm in das Gastroderm eingewandert sind, andererseits von interstitiellen Zellen abstammen, die durch Dedifferenzierung aus zymogenen Zellen entstanden und im Gastroderm übriggeblieben sind. Sie entwickelten sich dort, weil sie infolge der Wirkung von E 39 weder durch die Mesogloea hindurchtreten, noch in die Tentakel einwandern konnten. Diese Prozesse werden in der Arbeit ausführlich diskutiert. Auf Grund dieser Beobachtungen nehmen die Autoren an, daß auch in der normalen Hydra die aus zymogenen Zellen entstandenen interstitiellen Zellen in das Ektoderm einwandern, wo sie sich teilen und zu Cnidoblasten ausdifferenzieren. Ein Teil dieser Cnidoblasten wandert durch die Mesogloea in das Gastroderm ein, aber aus dem Gastroderm mittels entodermaler Zellen und gastraler Flüssigkeit wieder aus und gelangt schließlich in das Ektoderm der Tentakel.
    Notes: Summary Asexual, non-budding hydras were treated in the 1∶75000 solution of E 39 solubile (Bayer). They were feeding, growing and budding for six days. The interstitial cells found in the ectoderm at the moment of treatment differentiated into cnidoblasts during that period. The cells that happened to be in the gastroderm at that time, differentiated into interstitial cells which were not able to cross the mesoglea due to the E 39 activity. In the gastroderm a great number of cnids appeared. These observations support the hypothesis that in normal hydra the interstitial cells formed by the dedifferentiation of gland cells pass into the ectoderm. There they are transformed into cnidoblasts which pass into the mesoglea. Prom the gastroderm the cnidoblasts come into the ectoderm of the tentacles through endodermal cells and the coelenteric fluid.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 160 (1968), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Amputationen an Hydren in der hypostomalen Region durchgeführt. Das Material wurde in verschiedenen Zeitabschnitten fixiert (von 5 min bis 19 Std). Die Heilung der Wunde findet unter Mitwirkung aller entodermalen Zellen statt. Der Prozeß der Regeneration geht von zymogenen Zellen aus, welche sich zu Neoblasten entdifferenzieren. Diese wandeln sich durch Differentiation in ektodermale Zellelemente um. Das alte Ektoderm hat an der Bildung des jungen Ektoderms im Gebiete der Wunde keinen Anteil. Der Wandel des Entoderms im Verlaufe der Heilung der Wunde und der Regeneration wurde mit Hilfe histochemischer Methode zur Darstellung der sauren Phosphatase verfolgt. Es wurde die Annahme geäußert, daß die zymogenen Zellen auch bei der normalen Hydra das Ektoderm mit neuen Zellen versorgen.
    Notes: Summary The amputations of the hydra in the hypostomal region have been performed. The material has been fixed in various time intervals after the amputation (from 5 min to 19 hours). The healing of the wound is done with the participation of all endodermal cells, the regeneration process with the help of zymogenic cells which dedifferenciate into neoblasts, and the neoblasts develop into ectodermal cell elements by differentiation. The old ectoderm does not take part in forming the young ectoderm in the wound area. The participation of endoderm in healing the wound and in the regeneration has been stated by the method for the acid phosphatase. It is supposed that the zymogenic cells also in normal hydra supply the ectoderm with new cells.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Multimedia systems 5 (1997), S. 310-323 
    ISSN: 1432-1882
    Keywords: Key words: Multimedia storage – Scheduling – Data layout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. Recent advances in computer technologies have made it feasible to provide multimedia services, such as news distribution and entertainment, via high-bandwidth networks. The storage and retrieval of large multimedia objects (e.g., video) becomes a major design issue of the multimedia information system. While most other works on multimedia storage servers assume an on-line disk storage system, we consider a two-tier storage architecture with a robotic tape library as the vast near-line storage and an on-line disk system as the front-line storage. Magnetic tapes are cheaper, more robust, and have a larger capacity; hence, they are more cost effective for large scale storage systems (e.g., video-on-demand (VOD) systems may store tens of thousands of videos). We study in detail the design issues of the tape subsystem and propose some novel tape-scheduling algorithms which give faster response and require less disk buffer space. We also study the disk-striping policy and the data layout on the tape cartridge in order to fully utilize the throughput of the robotic tape system and to minimize the on-line disk storage space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Multimedia systems 6 (1998), S. 29-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1882
    Keywords: Key words:Multimedia storage systems – Video-on-demand – Stream merging – I/O stream sharing – Complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. Due to recent advances in network, storage and data compression technologies, video-on-demand (VOD) service has become economically feasible. It is a challenging task to design a video storage server that can efficiently service a large number of concurrent requests on demand. One approach to accomplishing this task is to reduce the I/O demand to the VOD server through data- and resource-sharing techniques. One form of data sharing is the stream-merging approach proposed in [5]. In this paper, we formalize a static version of the stream-merging problem, derive an upper bound on the I/O demand of static stream merging, and propose efficient heuristic algorithms for both static and dynamic versions of the stream-merging problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Multimedia systems 4 (1996), S. 140-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1882
    Keywords: Key Words:Multimedia storage systems – Video-on-demand – Data sharing – Resource management – Merging policies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. Recent technology advances have made multimedia on-demand services, such as home entertainment and home-shopping, important to the consumer market. One of the most challenging aspects of this type of service is providing access either instantaneously or within a small and reasonable latency upon request. We consider improvements in the performance of multimedia storage servers through data sharing between requests for popular objects, assuming that the I/O bandwidth is the critical resource in the system. We discuss a novel approach to data sharing, termed adaptive piggybacking, which can be used to reduce the aggregate I/O demand on the multimedia storage server and thus reduce latency for servicing new requests.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 18 (1982), S. 92-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Sequence homology ; DNA ; Genome evolution ; Starfish DNA ; Molecular phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The sequence homology in the single copy DNA of sea stars has been measured. Labeled single copy DNA fromPisaster ochraceus was reannealed with excess genomic DNA fromP. brevispinus, Evasterias troschelii, Pycnopodia helianthoides, Solaster stimpsoni, andDermasterias imbricata. Reassociation reactions were performed under two criteria of salt and temperature. The extent of reassociation and thermal denaturation characteristics of hybrid single copy DNA molecules follow classical taxonomic lines.P. brevispinus DNA contains essentially all of the sequences present inP. ochraceus single copy tracer whileEvasterias andPycnopodia DNAs contain 52% and 46% of such sequences respectively. Reciprocal reassociation reactions with labeledEvasterias single copy DNA confirm the amount and fidelity of the sequence homology. There is a small definite reaction of uncertain homology betweenP. ochraceus single copy DNA andSolaster orDermasterias DNA. SimilarlySolaster DNA contains sequences homologous to approximately 18% ofDermasterias unique DNA. The thermal denaturation temperatures of heteroduplexes indicate that the generaPisaster andEvasterias diverged shortly after the divergence of the subfamilies Pycnopodiinae and Asteriinae. The twoPisaster species diverged more recently, probably in the most recent quarter of the interval since the separation of the generaPisaster andEvasterias.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 31 (1993), S. 717-734 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Population density ; Fitness ; Allele ; Diffusion ; Stable equilibrium ; Contracting rectangles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the classical single locus, diallelic selection model with diffusion for a continuously reproducing population. The phase variables are population density and allele frequency (or allele density). The genotype fitness depend only on population density but include one-hump functions of the density variable. With mild assumptions on genotype fitnesses, we study the geometry of the nullclines and the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the selection model without diffusion. For the diffusion model with zero Neumann boundary conditions, we use this geometric information to show that if the initial data satisfy certain conditions then the corresponding solution to the reaction-diffusion equation converges to the spatially constant stable equilibrium which is closest to the initial data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The VLDB journal 8 (1999), S. 133-153 
    ISSN: 0949-877X
    Keywords: Key words:Multimedia servers – VOD systems – Interactive services – Multi-resolution services
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. Advances in high-speed networks and multimedia technologies have made it feasible to provide video-on-demand (VOD) services to users. However, it is still a challenging task to design a cost-effective VOD system that can support a large number of clients (who may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements) and, at the same time, provide different types of VCR functionalities. Although it has been recognized that VCR operations are important functionalities in providing VOD service, techniques proposed in the past for providing VCR operations may require additional system resources, such as extra disk I/O, additional buffer space, as well as network bandwidth. In this paper, we consider the design of a VOD storage server that has the following features: (1) provision of different levels of display resolutions to users who have different QoS requirements, (2) provision of different types of VCR functionalities, such as fast forward and rewind, without imposing additional demand on the system buffer space, I/O bandwidth, and network bandwidth, and (3) guarantees of the load-balancing property across all disks during normal and VCR display periods. The above-mentioned features are especially important because they simplify the design of the buffer space, I/O, and network resource allocation policies of the VOD storage system. The load-balancing property also ensures that no single disk will be the bottleneck of the system. In this paper, we propose data block placement, admission control, and I/O-scheduling algorithms, as well as determine the corresponding buffer space requirements of the proposed VOD storage system. We show that the proposed VOD system can provide VCR and multi-resolution services to the viewing clients and at the same time maintain the load-balancing property.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: lovastatin ; simvastatin ; sustained-release dosage forms ; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors ; dog ; humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Seven sustained/controlled-release dosage forms were designed for gastrointestinal delivery of lovastatin or simvastatin, two potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The in vivo performance of these formulations was evaluated in dogs and healthy volunteers in terms of the cholesterol lowering efficacy and/or systemic concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Results from the present and previous studies suggest that, through the controlled release of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, sustained lower plasma concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may result in an equal or better therapeutic efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: HIV protease inhibitor ; regiospecific absorption ; canine absorption model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To evaluate regional intestinal absorption and the feasibility of sustained release dosage form development for an HIV protease inhibitor, L-735,524. Methods. L-735,524 free base or sulfate salt was administered orally as suspension, solution or in solid dosage forms to fasted or fed Beagle dogs. Delayed-release dosage forms with “slow” or “fast” in vitro dissolution rates were evaluated in vivo to assess plasma concentration profiles. In addition, drug was administered directly into the jejunum or colon of animals, and drug concentrations determined in portal circulation to characterize absorption from these sites. Results. L-735,524 sulfate was well absorbed orally from a solution or capsule formulation if fasted animals' stomachs were preacidified with citric acid solution. A free base suspension, delivered in divided doses to fed animals, was also well absorbed. Prototype extended release dosage forms of L-735,524 produced a reduction in peak plasma levels but failed to prolong absorption and extend plasma concentrations compared to an immediate release capsule. Administration of L-735,524 sulfate solution (pH〈3) as bolus solution or by infusion into the jejunum resulted in rapid but incomplete absorption compared to oral gavage. The free base suspension (pH 6.5) delivered into jejunal or colonic regions did not produce measurable systemic plasma concentrations. Conclusions. Extended release formulations did not prolong absorption of L-735,524 in dogs. Optimal L-735,524 absorption was dependent on solubility in an acidic environment in the duodenum.
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