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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Balanced-budget redistribution as the outcome of political competition (1987)
    Springer
    Public choice 52 (1987), S. 273-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper models balanced-budget redistribution between socio-economic groups as the outcome of electoral competition between two political parties. Equilibrium is unique in the present model, and a sufficient condition for existence is given, requiring that there be enough ‘stochastic heterogeneity’ with respect to party preferences in the electorate. The validity of Hotelling's ‘principle of minimum differentiation’, and of ‘Director's Law’, are examined under alternative hypotheses concerning administrative costs of redistributions, and voter's possibilities both of abstaining from voting and of becoming campaign activists for one of the parties. The policy strategy of expected-plurality maximization is contrasted with the strategy of maximizing the probability of gaining a plurality. Incomes are fixed and known, so lump-sum taxation is feasible. However, constraints on tax/transfer differentiation between individuals are permitted in the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116710
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overshooting, reform and retreat of the welfare state (1994)
    Springer
    De economist 142 (1994), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary The paper discusses various reforms that may lower the costs of the contemporary welfare state, including a shift from taxes to actuarially fair, although still compulsory, insurance premia; wider use of co-insurance,etc. It is also suggested that social security entitlements are made more robust against political interventions by moving them outside of the government budget. Freer competition is suggested in the provision of social services. Reform of the political process is also discussed to avoid an ‘overshooting’ of the welfare state in the sense that imperfections in the political process result in excessive welfare state spending.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01384998
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of monetary policy and wages (1994)
    Springer
    Public choice 79 (1994), S. 33-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper focuses on the interaction of monetary policy and wage formation in economies with strong labor unions. Government and unions are viewed as endogenous utility maximizers and the macroeconomic consequences of their strategic interaction are explored with the aid of some elements of simple game theory. Specifically, it is shown (a) how labor unions adjust wages to prices so as to maximize their utility following changes in monetary policy; (b) how the effectiveness of monetary policy is circumscribed without necessarily being nullified by the utility-maximizing reactions of unions; and (c) how the interplay of government and unions can create a persistent tendency towards inflation and unemployment simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047917
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An examination of long-lived asset impairments under SFAS No. 121 (1996)
    Springer
    International advances in economic research 2 (1996), S. 86-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-966X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Until recently, the impairment of long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles was a controversial and unresolved accounting issue. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 121 on long-lived asset impairments provides guidelines in selecting the conditions or circumstances that justify or necessitate a writedown and in measuring, recognizing, and disclosing the amounts of asset impairments. The results indicate that the financial impacts of 935 writedowns reported by 670 companies are quite significant and, in some cases, up to 10 times that of reported earnings. Moreover, the results indicate that industry classification consistently had a significant effect on the dependent variables used as proxies for the financial impacts of asset impairments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02295160
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of chloroplast membranes in the location of chloroplast DNA during the greening ofPhaseolus vulgaris etioplasts (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 139 (1987), S. 92-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chloroplast ; cpDNA ; DAPI ; Etioplast ; Nucleoids ; Phaseolus vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The location of DNA containing nucleoids has been studied in greening bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) etioplasts using electron microscopy of thin sections and the staining of whole leaf cells with the fluorochrome DAPI. At 0 hours illumination a diffuse sphere of cpDNA surrounds most of the prolamellar body. It appears to be made up of a number of smaller nucleoids and can be asymmetric in location. The DNA appears to be attached to the outside of the prolamellar body and to prothylakoids on its periphery. With illumination the nucleoid takes on a clear ring-like shape around the prolamellar body. The maximum development of the ring-like nucleoid at 5 hours illumination is associated with the outward expansion of the prolamellar body and the outward growth of the prothylakoids. At 5 hours the electron transparent areas lie in between the prothylakoids radiating out from the prolamellar body. Between 5 hours and 15 hours observations are consistent with the growing thylakoids separating the nucleoids as the prolamellar body disappears and the chloroplast becomes more elongate. At 15 hours the fully differentiated chloroplast has discrete nucleoids distributed throughout the chloroplast with evidence of thylakoid attachment. This is the SN (scattered nucleoid) distribution ofKuroiwa et al. (1981) and is also evident in 24 hours and 48 hours chloroplasts which have more thylakoids per granum. The changes in nucleoid location occur without significant changes in DNA levels per plastid, and there is no evidence of DNA or plastid replication. The observations indicate that cpDNA partitioning in dividing SN-type chloroplasts could be achieved by thylakoid growth and effectively accomplish DNA segregation, contrasting with envelope growth segregating nucleoids in PS-type (peripheral scattered nucleoids) chloroplasts. The influence of plastid development on nucleoid location is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282279
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A problem with marginal analysis (1986)
    Springer
    Atlantic economic journal 14 (1986), S. 122-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9678
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02303515
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