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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leistungsmessung mit Elektronenröhren (1932)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 26 (1932), S. 570-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660777
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abelian surfaces of type (1,4) (1989)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 285 (1989), S. 625-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01452051
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximal subbundles of rank two vector bundles on curves (1983)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 266 (1983), S. 55-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458704
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Commutative algebraic groups and intersections of quadrics (1984)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 267 (1984), S. 555-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01455973
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of sisomicin in patients with normal and impaired renal function; its efficacy in urinary tract infection (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sisomicin ; pharmacokinetics of aminoglycoside antibiotics ; pyelonephritis ; dialysis ; impaired renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum concentration, biological half-life, distribution space and serum clearance of sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, have been studied in twenty-three patients in comparison with the pharmacokinetics of125I-labelled iothalamate, a compound only filtered by the kidney. 10 patients had normal or borderline abnormal serum creatinine (〈1,5 mg/100 ml), 8 had various degrees of renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 1.7 – 9.6 mg/100 ml) and 6 were being treated by intermittent haemodialysis. After intravenous injection of sisomicin 1 mg/kg body weight in patients with normal or borderline renal function its half-life was 3.5 h, very similar to that of iothalamate, 3.2 h. The mean distribution space was 20.1 % per cent of body weight; iothalamate, 23.7 %. In patients with renal insufficiency there was a positive correlation between serum creatinine level and the half-life of sisomicin, and an even stronger correlation between the clearances of iothalamate and sisomicin. In patients dependent on haemodialysis, the mean serum half-life between dialysis was 40 h, compared to approximately 100 hours for iothalamate, which implies additional extrarenal clearance or tubular secretion of sisomicin. The results of pharmacokinetic studies indicated that a regime of sisomicin 1 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours in patients with normal renal function would result in serum and urine levels sufficiently high to treat most urinary tract infections. In patients with impaired renal function the dosage interval should be increased according to the serum creatinine level, and in patients dependent on haemodialysis one standard dose at the end of each dialysis period should suffice. 9 patients with a chronic urinary tract infection severely complicated by an underlying disease were treated according to this dosage regimen with a satisfactory bacteriological and clinical result. No adverse reactions or signs of accumulation were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565626
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased systemic availability of albendazole when taken with a fatty meal (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 315-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: albendazole ; echinococcosis ; bioavailability ; food intake ; fatty meal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the systemic availability of oral albendazole in 6 patients with echinococcosis either fasting or with breakfast. Albendazole sulphoxide, the pharmacologically active principle, was assayed by HPLC. Mean plasma concentrations and AUCs were 4.5 times higher when albendazole was given with breakfast than when administered in the fasting state. We conclude that therapy of echinococcosis with albendazole requires the drug to be taken with meals and that administration on an empty stomach might be more appropriate when intraluminal effects are desired, e.g. for intestinal parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540964
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung von Teilchengrößen aus Trübung und Brechungsinkrement (1968)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 223 (1968), S. 24-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary From the theories of light scattering of colloidal spheres (Mie, Zimm andDandliker) a method was derived, which allows the determination of the diameter and the refractive index of spherical particles by measuring specific turbidity and refractive index increment. The method requires only small experimental equipment and is simple in measurement and evaluation. In order to test the method experimentally, the particle diameters of different latices (homo- and copolymers) were measured and compared with the corresponding measurements obtained from ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. The results are in good agreement.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auf der Grundlage der Theorien über die Lichtstreuung an kolloidalen Kugelteilchen (Mie, Zimm undDandliker) wurde eine Methode ausgearbeitet, mit der man aus Messungen von spezifischer Trübung und Brechungsinkrement den Radius und die Brechzahl der Teilchen ermitteln kann. Die Methode erfordert nur geringen experimentellen Aufwand und ist in der Durchführung sowie in der Auswertung der Messungen einfach zu handhaben. Zur experimentellen Überprüfung der Methode wurden die Teilchenradien bei mehreren Latices von Homo- und Copolymeren bestimmt und die Ergebnisse mit den entsprechenden Messungen in der Ultrazentrifuge und im Elektronenmikroskop verglichen. Die Übereinstimmung ist gut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01514039
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schnelle Dichtegradienten-Zentrifugation dispergierter Teilchen (1980)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 1077-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For the investigation of the chemical composition of dispersed particles, e. g. in polymer latices, a rapid method of density gradient centrifugation is developed. The method yields in a few minutes the density distribution and by this the distribution of the chemical composition of the particles. The standard density gradient centrifugation needs for the same results more than 15 hours. The rapid method is based on adding a layer of a dispersion medium of low density to a chemically similar medium of high density (e. g. H2O to D2O or 3-butene-2-ol to ethylene glycol) and forming the density gradient by diffusion. The main field of application is the investigation of the chemical composition and heterogeneity of copolymer latices and latex mixtures and of the particle cross linking.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung der chemischen Zusammensetzung dispergierter Teilchen, z. B. in Polymerlatices, wird eine schnelle Methode der Dichtegradienten-Zentrifugation entwickelt. Mit ihr kann die Verteilung der Dichte und damit der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Teilchen in wenigen Minuten bestimmt werden. Die bisher dafür verwendete konventionelle Dichtegradienten-Zentrifugation erfordert Versuchszeiten von 15 bis 30 Stunden. Das Prinzip der schnellen Methode beruht auf der Überschichtung von chemisch weitgehend gleichen oder ähnlichen Dispersionsmitteln unterschiedlicher Dichte (z. B. H2O und D2O oder Buten-(3)-ol-(2) und Ethylenglykol) und der Einstellung des Dichtegradienten durch Diffusion. Hauptanwendungsgebiete sind die Ermittlung der chemischen Zusammensetzung und Uneinheitlichkeit von Co-, Pfropf- und Mischpolymerlatices und die Bestimmung von Teilchenvernetzungsgraden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01382405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenschaften von Tensiden mit je einer hydrophoben Gruppe im Anion und im Kation in wäßrigen Lösungen (1971)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 243 (1971), S. 120-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The properties of aqueous solutions of alkyltrimethylammonium alkylsulphates were investigated. Compounds of this type are called “anionic-cationic surfactants”. If the numbern A andn K of the carbon atoms in the alkyl groups of the anion and the cation, respectively, do not differ too much these compounds behave with respect to surface activity and tendency of micelle formation very much like nonionic surfactants in which the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain equals the arithmetic mean ofn A andn K . This is due to the fact that their adsorption layers and micelle cores are composed, in spite of almost complete dissociation of the nonmicellar solutions, of nearly equal numbers of anions and cations so that no counterions are present which could form a diffuse layer. The continuous transition from an anionic surfactant via “anionic-cationic surfactants” to a cationic surfactant was followed in two series each having a constant sumn A +n K . From the course of the surface activity and the critical micellization concentration observed withn K increasing andn A decreasing at the same time, it is to be concluded that the formation of micelles from chains of different lengths is energetically favoured as against that from chains of equal length, and that the course of the properties is not symmetrical with respect ton A andn K . A possible explanation is given. The transition from an anionic surfactant via anioniccationic surfactant having a largely nonionic character to a cationic surfactants also manifests itself in the influence of these compounds on the sedimentation of graphite and glass powder. The course of the wetting power on hydrophobic polymers in a series withn A +n K =const. is parallel to the typical course of the surface activity in the same series.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Eigenschaften wäßriger Lösungen von Alkyltrimethylammoniumalkylsulfaten untersucht. Verbindungen dieser Klasse, bei denen die Zahl der Kohlenstoffatome in den Alkylgruppen des Anions und des Kationsn A bzw.n K sich nicht zu stark unterscheiden — sie werden als „Anion-Kation-Tenside“ bezeichnet — verhalten sich in ihrer Oberflächenaktivität und Mizellbildungstendenz sehr ähnlich wie nichtionogene Tenside, bei denen die Zahl der C-Atome in der hydrophoben Gruppe gleich dem arithmetischen Mittel ausn A undn K ist. Das ist dadurch bedingt, daß ihre Adsorptionsschichten und Mizellkerne trotz fast vollständiger Dissoziation der nichtmizellaren Lösungen nahezu paritätisch aus Anionen und Kationen aufgebaut sind, so daß keine Gegenionen vorhanden sind, die eine diffuse Schicht bilden können. Der kontinuierliche Übergang vom Aniontensid über „Anion-Kation-Tenside“ zum Kationtensid wurde in Reihen, bei denen die Summen A +n K konstant ist, verfolgt. Aus dem Verlauf der Oberflächenaktivität und der kritischen Mizellbildungskonzentration bei gleichzeitiger Zunahme vonn K und Abnahme vonn A konnte geschlossen werden, daß die Mizellbildung aus ungleich langen Ketten gegenüber derjenigen aus Ketten gleicher Länge energetisch begünstigt ist und daß der Verlauf der Eigenschaften nicht symmetrisch bezüglichn A undn K ist. Eine Erklärungsmöglichkeit hierfür wird gegeben. Der Übergang vom Aniontensid über Anion-Kation-Tenside mit weitgehend nichtionogenem Charakter zum Kationtensid kommt auch in dem Einfluß dieser Verbindungen auf die Sedimentation von Graphit- und Glaspulver deutlich zum Ausdruck. Dem typischen Verlauf der Oberflächenaktivität in einer Reihe mitn A +n K =konst läuft auch ein entsprechender Gang der Benetzung an hydrophoben Kunststoffen parallel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01521133
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wechselwirkung zwischen Natriumalkylsulfaten und Polyvinylpyrrolidon in wäßrigen Lösungen (1971)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 243 (1971), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Solubilization, surface tension, electrical conductivity, spectral behaviour of pinacyanol chloride, and viscosity were investigated in aqueous solutions containing both sodium alkyl sulphates and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In the viscosity measurements special care was taken as to the region of low surfactant concentrations, so far not dealt with in detail. A sharp threshold of surfactant concentration at constant PVP concentration, at which the viscosity suddenly begins to increase, was observed. This threshold concentration is higher than that already known for the beginning of solubilization. The conclusion is that the increase in viscosity is not directly caused by the formation of the polymer-surfactant complexes which are recognized by the beginning solubilization as well as by the breaking points of the curves of surface tension and electrical conductivity. The increase in viscosity may be interpreted as the beginning of a partial unfolding of the coiled macromolecules. In this process the coiled subunits, in which the surfactant aggregates responsible for solubilization were formed, must be maintained.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In wäßrigen Lösungen, welche gleichzeitig Natriumalkylsulfate und Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) enthalten, wurden Messungen der Solubilisation, der Oberflächenspannung, der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit, des spektralen Verhaltens von Pinacyanolchlorid sowie der Viskosität durchgeführt. Bei den Viskositätsmessungen wurde vor allem der in den bisher bekannt gewordenen Arbeiten vernachlässigte Bereich kleiner Tensidkonzentrationen berücksichtigt. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß bei konstanter PVP-Konzentration ein scharfer Grenzwert der Tensidkonzentration besteht, bei welchem ein plötzlicher Anstieg der Viskosität einsetzt. Dieser Grenzwert liegt höher als der bereits bekannte Grenzwert für den Beginn der Solubilisation. Daraus ist zu schließen, daß die Bildung der Polymer-Tensid-Komplexe, die sich im Beginn der Solubilisation sowie in den Knickpunkten der Kurven für die Oberflächenspannung und die elektrische Leitfähigkeit bemerkbar macht, nicht die unmittelbare Ursache für den Viskositätsanstieg sein kann. Der Viskositätsanstieg ist als Beginn einer partiellen Entfaltung der geknäuelten Makromoleküle zu deuten. Bei dieser Entfaltung müssen die geknäuelten Teilbereiche, in denen sich die für die Solubilisation verantwortlichen Tensidaggregate gebildet haben, erhalten bleiben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01521131
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