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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 84-85 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibitory action ofHepatitis infectiosa virus on the SDH activity of Detroit-6 (VA) cell lines was investigated. The full inhibition of the SDH activity took place at the end of the third day after the infection. As this phenomenon precedes the cytopathogenetic effect of viral infection, it may be of some help in the early detection of the infection.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 38 (1977), S. 351-356 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A nonmosaic case of ring Y chromosome is described. The patient is phenotypically female and has streak gonads. The histologic examination revealed dysgenetic seminiferous tubules in the streaks and epididymislike tubules besides them. The possibilities of the development of the phenotype and the streaks are discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 58 (1978), S. 241-252 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unique fusiform or spindle-shaped particles (Phi bodies) and rods with hydroperoxidase (catalase and/or peroxidase) activity are present in human granulocyte precursors only in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). These newly recognized particles are much more numerous and prominent than Auer rods. They may be rapidly and readily identified using the microscope in marrow or peripheral blood films when the procedures recommended in this paper for fixation, incubation for hydroperoxidase demonstration in 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB)/H2O2 medium, copper salt treatment and counterstaining (optional) with the Papanicolaou method are employed. Films prepared in the same manner but treated with benzidine/H2O2 medium for myeloperoxidase did not reveal these particles. We believe that Phi bodies are pathognomonic of AML since they are almost invariably present in AML patients with active disease. Their presence serves to distinguish AML from acute lymphocytic leukemia and from chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Since the particles disappear in disease remission and reappear upon relapse, the recommended procedure is not only useful in diagnosis but in guiding therapy. When a very rapid diagnosis is needed, it is not necessary to counterstain the preparations, but the nuclei, cytoplasm and plasmalemma can readily be observed in the granulocyte precursors when they are counterstained by the Papanicolaou method. This treatment does not diminish the clarity of the Phi bodies and rods which stain by virtue of their peroxidatic activity. This cytochemical diagnostic procedure should be considered for adoption by hematology laboratories.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 54 (1980), S. 355-360 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anthropometric and cytogenetic investigations were carried out in 32 patients with streak gonads. The physique of the patients was delineated according to their chromosomal complements. For the possible localization of the determinants of the X chromosome for the physique the following conclusions were drawn. 1. For normal height both the short and the long arm of the X chromosome are essential. 2. The short arm of the X chromosome contains determinants that, if deleted, result in a high weight-to-height ratio, i.e., proportionally heavier weight. The weight-to-height ratio is also shifted to the left in deleted Xq cases, but to a lesser extent. 3. Determinants are present in both the short and the long arms of the X chromosomes, which are involved in the proportional development of the ratio of the limbs to trunk. In all deleted-X cases the limbs were shorter. 4. Duplication of the long arm of the X chromosome does not compensate for loss of the short arm.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The detailed cytogenetic study of six Xq isochromosomes, i(Xq), and two isodicentric Xq chromosomes revealed that both their banding and their inactivation patterns differ as a result of differences in their mechanisms of origin. The arms of Xq isochromosomes may be expected to be mirror images in respect of their morphologic pattern and DNA replication sequence only in dicentric Xq isochromosomes.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 321 (1985), S. 221-223 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Energy loss of slow protons in a degenerate electron gas is calculated on the basis of the dielectric theory. The influence of static and dynamic local field corrections is examined. Comparison with well defined experimental data is made.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A key intermediate, S-(−)-3-benzoylthio-2-methylpropanoic acid (1) was made in high optical purity by the lipase-catalyzed stereoselective esterification of racemic 1 with methanol in an organic solvent system. Among various lipases evaluated, Amano P-30 lipase from Pseudomonas sp. efficiently catalyzed the esterification of 1 to yield R-(+) methyl ester and unreacted S-(−) 1. A reaction yield of 40 mol% and an optical purity of 97.2% were obtained for compound 1 at a substrate concentration of 0.1 m (22 mg/ml). Lipase P-30 was immobilized on Accurel polypropylene (PP) and the immobilized enzyme was reused (23 cycles) in the esterification reaction without loss of enzyme acitivity, productivity or optical purity. Among various solvents evaluated, toluene was found to be the most suitable organic solvent and methanol was the best alcohol for the esterification of racemic 1 by immobilized lipase. Substrate concentrations as high as 1.0 m were used in the esterification reaction. When the temperature was increased from 28° C to 60° C, the reaction time required for the esterification of 0.1 m substrate decreased from 16 h to 2 h. On increasing the methanol to substrate molar ratio from 1:1 to 4:1, the rate of esterification decreased. A lipase fermentation using Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 21 808 was developed. In the batch-fermentation process, 56 units/ml of extracellular lipase activity was obtained. A fed-batch process using soybean oil gave a significant increase in the lipase activity (126 units/ml). Crude lipase recovered from the filtrate by ethanol precipitation and immobilized on Accurel PP was also effective: S-(−) compound 1 was obtained in 35 mol% yield and 95% optical purity.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Biotransformations were developed to oxidize Nε-carbobenzoxy(CBZ)-l-lysine and to reduce the product keto acid to l-CBZ-oxylysine. Lysyl oxidase (l-lysine: O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.3.14) from Trichoderma viride was relatively specific for l-lysine and had very low activity with Nε-substituted derivatives. l-Amino acid oxidase (l-amino acid: O2 oxidoreductase [deaminating], EC 1.4.3.2) from Crotalus adamanteus venom had low activity with l-lysine but high activity with Nε-formyl-, t-butyoxycarbonyl(BOC)-, acetyl-, trifluoroacetyl-, or CBZ-l-lysine. l-2-Hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.-) from Lactobacillus confusus catalyzed the reduction by NADH of the keto acids from Nε-acetyl-, trifluoroacetyl-, formyl- and CBZ-l-lysine but was inactive with the products from oxidation of l-lysine, l-lysine methyl ester, l-lysine ethyl ester or Nε-t-BOC-l-lysine. Providencia alcalifaciens (SC9036, ATCC 13159) was a good microbial substitute for the snake venom oxidase and also provided catalase (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase EC 1.11.1.6). Nε-CBZ-l-Lysine was converted to CBZ-l-oxylysine in 95% yield with 98.5% optical purity by oxidation using P. alcalifaciens cells followed by reduction of the keto acid using l-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase. NADH was regenerated using formate dehydrogenase (formate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.2) from Candida boidinii. The Providencia oxidase was localized in the particulate fraction and catalase activity was predominantly in the soluble fraction of sonicated cells. The pH optima and kinetic constants were determined for the reactions.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A chiral compound [4R-[4α,6ß(E)]]-6-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,3-butadienyl]-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one (R-(+)-1) was prepared by the lipase-catalysed stereoselective acetylation of racemic 1 in an organic solvent. Chiral R-(+)-1 is a hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor and a potential anticholesterol drug candidate. Among various lipases evaluated, lipase PS-30 from Pseudomonas species efficiently catalysed acetylation of the undesired enantiomer of racemic 1 to yield the S-(−)-acetylated product 2 and unreacted desired R-(+)-1. A reaction yield of 48 mol% and an optical purity of 98% were obtained for R-(+)-1 when the reaction was conducted in toluence as solvent in the presence of isopropenyl acetate as acyl donor. Lipase PS-30 was immobilized on Accurel polypropylene (PP) and the immobilized enzyme was reused (five cycles) in the acetylation reaction without loss of enzyme activity, productivity, or optical purity of the R-(+)-1. The enzymatic acetylation process was scaled-up to 501 and a 640-l volume (preparative batches) at a substrate concentration of 4 g/l. R-(+)–1 was recovered from the preparative batches in 68–71% recovery yield with 98.5% gas chromatography homogeneity index and 98.5% optical purity. The S-(−) acetate 2 produced by the acetylation reaction was enzymatically hydrolysed by lipase PS-30 in a biphasic system to prepare the corresponding S-(−)-1.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1993), S. 241-245 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several microbial cultures were screened for the ability to catalyse the reduction of N-(4-(1-oxo-2-chloroacetyl ethyl) phenyl methane sulfonamide (1). The chiral intermediate (+)N-(4-(1-hydroxy-2-chloroethyl) phenyl methane sulfonamide (2) was prepared by the stereoselective microbial reduction of the parent ketone 1. Compound 2 is a potential chiral intermediate for synthesis of 4-(2-isopropylamino-1-hydroxyethyl) phenyl methanesulfonanilide (d-sotalol), a beta-receptor antagonist. Microorganisms from the genera Rhodococcus, Nocardia, and Hansenula reduced 1 to 2. A reaction yield of 〉50% and optical purities of 〉90% were obtained. The best strain (H.polymorpha ATCC 26012) effectively reduced compound 1 to compound 2 in 95% reaction yield and 99% optical purity. Compound 2 (8.2 g) was isolated from a 3-1 preparative batch in 68% overall yield. Isolated compound 2 had a specific rotation of +20° (CH2Cl2, C-1), an optical purity of 99.5%, and a chemical purity of 97% as analyzed by gas chromatography and HPLC. The nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra of compound 2 prepared by bioreduction and a standard chemical sample of 2 were virtually identical. Cell extracts of H. polymorpha in the presence of glucose dehydrogenase, glucose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) catalyzed the reduction of 1 to 2 with 98% reaction yield and resulted in an optical purity of 99.4%.
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