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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refraction of elastic waves into a medium of lower velocity — Pseudospherical waves (1971)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 92 (1971), S. 115-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary An irregular wave group (here called pseudospherical), the existence of which is connected with the velocity boundary at which the velocity decreases discontinuously, is investigated. A schlieren modelling device was chosen for a model investigation of this wave since it permits the investigation of wave fields inside the measured models. The model consisted of two layers of transparent gels, the source lay in the layer of higher velocity. The measurements have shown that an irregular wave in the layer of lower velocity exists only in a certain region along the boundary; its wave front has a spherical form and its intensity decreases rapidly with increasing distance of the source from the boundary. The wave always comes only after the regular refracted wave which conforms with the ray theory. These properties correspond to the properties of a wave first described byOtt [1]3) andBrekhovskikh [2]. In the conclusion of the present paper the possibilities of recording pseudospherical waves in seismology are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874996
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do some shallow earthquakes have a tensile source component? (1986)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 124 (1986), S. 825-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Physical modelling ; tensile fracturing ; shallow earthquakes ; tensile source component
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The laboratory tests carried out in studying shear and tensile seismogenic displacements occurring in compressed samples, led us to search for earthquakes with a tensile source component. To determine this component in the seismic focus, a special procedure based on the construction of radiation patterns of the combined shear-tensile type is introduced. The criteria for selecting the events produced by the combined source mechanism are listed, and their limitations are mentioned. From the seismic zones with good azimuthal distribution of stations in the world seismic network nine earthquakes which occurred in the 6-year period 1976–1981 were analyzed; for these events better agreement of the observed and theoretical patterns was found for the combined shear-tensile source mechanism than for the pure double-couple mechanism. However, the share of the tensile component was always, found to be relatively small, ranging from 1 to 13 percent of the shear component. The comparison of the two solutions (double-couple vs. combined shear/tensile) is based on the first onset signs statistics. The results obtained indicate that tensile fracturing does not play a substantial role in the total amount of released seismic energy; on the orther hand, it is expected to be more important in the creation and development of focal zone morphology from both the instantaneous and long-term point of view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879613
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European Earthquakes in the 18th Century through Contemporary Pictorial Documentation (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 150 (1997), S. 305-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Historical earthquakes, macroseismic data, pictorial data, earthquake catalogues, seismicity re-evaluation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. —Written and printed historical records and reports have always been the main sources of macroseismic information for seismologists re-evaluating the earthquakes of the past, and hence for the authors of regional historical earthquake catalogues. The most recent attempts to re-assess the seismicity of European regions have also looked for new, not previously utilised, complementary macroseismic data, with a view to allowing new and improved assessments to be made of historical earthquake intensities. In the present paper an attempt is made to test the utility of historical pictorial material from this point of view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050078
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible mechanism of rockbursts in coal mines (1986)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 124 (1986), S. 841-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Rockburst mechanism ; implosion source component ; radiation pattern ; inversion of first motion amplitudes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract One of the important questions of rockburst prevention is the understanding of the mechanism of rockburst source. This question can be effectively studied by direct seismic observations in the rockburst regions. For this purpose, the distribution ofP-wave onset signs and the inversion of first motion amplitudes were utilized as the basic method. In such a way the coal mine regions in Poland (Upper Silesia) and in Czechoslovakia (Kladno coal mine district) were studied as part of the Polish-Czechoslovak rockburst investigation project. More than 250 rockburst events were recorded here in the decade 1977–1983, and analyzed. The results of the statistical analysis of these data allow us to formulate and introduce a model of the rockburst source with an implosion component. The suitability of this conception was verified by laboratory simulation conditions; it was confirmed that the seismoactive displacements with a clear implosive component were recorded in the neighbourhood of a stress concentrator weakened by holes. The results of both the field observations and laboratory tests were in good agreement with the theoretically derived radiation patterns for a combined shear-implosive source and also with the theoretical conception of such a source based on real geometrical configurations of mine excavations and tectonic dislocations. The rockbursts treated exhibit a dominant shear component, the magnitude of the additional implosive component not exceeding 10 percent of the shear component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879614
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear processes in earthquake foci (1993)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 140 (1993), S. 29-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Rock samples ; biaxial compression ; seismogenic structures ; nonlinear processes ; wave coherency ; selforganizing ; underload
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of laboratory experiments on biaxially compressed physical models of a seismic source are presented, discussed and interpreted in terms of nonlinear dynamics; the relation is shown between the degree of seismic pulse coherency (expressed through the amplitude frequency spectra development) and energy (or magnitude) in a series of model experiments. It has been ascertained that the degree of radiated waves coherency plays a more important role concerning the seismic energy release than the size (radius) of the seismic source. The relations among individual source parameters obtained in the laboratory were tested by the analysis of three series of seismograms of aftershocks which followed the 1988 Spitak earthquake (two series) and the 1975 Oroville earthquake (one series). The fundamental effect observed in the laboratory, i.e., the growth of pulse coherency with increasing stress concentration in the focal region (reflected in growing earthquake magnitude), was clearly manifested in all three earthquake aftershock series. Due to derivation by a comparison of the above results, obtained on the basis of nonlinear dynamics with the classical source models by Brune, Madariaga and others, it seems to be namely the self-organizing of the structure itself caused by the increasing stress field in the seismic source, which can answer the question concerning the degree of energy cumulation in the earthquake focus at a given moment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876869
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some factors modifying the action of chlorpromazine upon the O2 uptake of brain homogenatesin vitro (1958)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 14 (1958), S. 454-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Largactil vermindert auch in niedrigen Konzentrationen (10−6 g/ml der Krebs-Ringer-Lösung mit 0,2% Glukose) den Sauerstoffverbrauch von Gehirnhomogenaten weisser Ratten signifikant. Diese depressive Wirkung von Largactil tritt nicht ein, wenn die Krebs-Ringer-Lösung ohne Glukose oder ein kalziumfreies Medium zu den manometrischen Messungen gebraucht werden. Weiterhin hat Largactil eine antagonistische Wirkung gegen 2,4-Dinitrophenol in bezug auf die O2-Aufnahme von Gehirngewebe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327372
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Review: Online Archive of Historical Earthquake Images Published (2000)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 44 (2000), S. 87-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022018226252
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of free lipid a by enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA) (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 117-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Lipid A, Endotoxin ; Enzym-Immunoassay ; ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00467764
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stick-slip unstable shear failure as a source of high frequency elastic radiation (1989)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 33 (1989), S. 322-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The results of laboratory measurements on square perspex models with a stress concentrator under uniaxial compression are presented. An attempt was made to interpret these results in order to determine the mutual relations between the mechanical parameters characterizing the treated models, including their focal zones, parameters of model loading, parameters of seismogenic displacement and parameters of radiated elastic pulses. Particular attention was given to the study of slip displacement, slip velocity, rupture velocity, nucleation points of rupture propagation, nucleation points of elastic radiation and to the frequency analysis of radiated pulses. Measurements of the displacement in the focal zone enabled us to determine the source function, to construct theoretical seismograms in a far field and to compare them with the real pulses from ultrasonic transducers located there. This allowed testing theoretical and experimental approaches to the study of how slip displacement, slip velocity and rupture velocity are related to the parameters of radiated pulses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637688
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnitude classification of rock bursts based on seismic records of mining stations (1990)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 34 (1990), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method was developed for classifying the intensity of seismic events observed in the Karviná part of the Ostrava—Karviná mining district. The method is based on determining the magnitude of events, using the homogenized maximum amplitudes of the S-wave group. The amplitude observations were homogenized by means of station corrections estimated by successive approximation simultaneously with the derivation of the optimum calibrating function. The magnitude classification developed enables an objective and relatively simple estimation of the intensity of seismic events in mines with an accuracy corresponding to the quality of observations. The correlation between the so-called accepted energy, currently used for classifying rock bursts in the Ostrava—Karviná mining district, and the corresponding magnitudes was established.
    Notes: Резюме Оnuсaн меmо¶rt; меmо¶rt; каaссuфuкaцuu сеŭсмuческuх явлеuŭ нaблю¶rt;aемых в кaрвuнскоŭ чaсmu Осmрaвско-Кaрвuнскоŭ у¶rt;ольноŭ облaсmu. Меmо¶rt; основaн нa оnре¶rt;еленuu мa¶rt;нumу¶rt;ы явленuŭ. Для эmоŭ зa¶rt;aчu uсnользовaны мaксuмaльные aмnлumу¶rt;ы в ¶rt;руnnе S-волн. О¶rt;норо¶rt;носmь нaблю¶rt;енuŭ ¶rt;осmu¶rt;нуma сmaнцuоннымu nоnрaвкaмu, коmорые оnре¶rt;елялuсь о¶rt;новременно с оnmuмaльноŭ кaлuбровочноŭ функцuеŭ. Пре¶rt;ложеннaя клaссuфuкaцuя ¶rt;aёm нa¶rt;ёжную u оmносumельно nросmую оценку uнmенсuвносmu сеŭсмuческuх явленuеŭ в у¶rt;ольном бaссеŭне с mочносmью оmвечaюшеŭ кaчесmву нaблю¶rt;енuŭ. Усmaновленa корреляцuя меж¶rt;у, maк нaзывaемоŭ, nрuняmоŭ энер¶rt;uеŭ явленuя, оnре¶rt;елённоŭ nо меmо¶rt;uке uсnользуемоŭ нa nрaкmuке Осmрaвско-Кaрвuнскuх щaхm, u сооmвеmсmвуюшеŭ мa¶rt;нumу¶rt;оŭ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02295829
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