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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dislodgeable residues of parathion and carbophenothion in florida citrus: A weather model (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1978), S. 578-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685844
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crustal outgassing and LILE enrichment in major lithosphere structures, Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: evidence on the source reservoir from strontium and carbon isotope tracers (1987)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 97 (1987), S. 156-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Major structural discontinuities in the Abitibi greenstone belt acted as conduits for outgassing of the Archean crust, as reflected in fixation of a select group of lithophile elements including Si, C, K, Rb, Ba, Li, Cs, B and Pb, in metasomatized faults. For two of the largest structures, the Destor-Porcupine (DP) and Kirkland Lake — Cadillac (KC) fault zones ∼6×1015 g Si, 3×1015 g CO2 and 1015 g K were introduced into the faults during expulsion of an estimated 6×1018 g aqueous fluids. Strontium isotope ratios of tourmaline, piemontite, actinolite and scheelite mineral separates, characterized by Rb/Sr≤0.02, are concordant with respect to 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios over local sectors of the faults. The Sr isotope data record geographic variations which, from east to west on the KC fault is 0.7031–0.7041 (Val d'Or), 0.7008–0.7022 (Bourlemaque), 0.7017–0.7019 (Bousquet), 0.7029–0.7031 (Noranda), and 0.7013 to 0.7015 (Kirkland Lake). At Timmins, on the PD fault, 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios cluster at 0.7010 to 0.7020. Metasomatised fault zones are systematically more radiogenic than contiguous host lithologies, and imply a source reservoir (0.7010 to 0.7041) generally more radiogenic than the upper mantle at 2690 Ma (0.700±0.001), or contemporaneous volcanic rocks of mafic to ultramafic composition (0.700 to 0.7012). Whereas certain minerals are concordant and retentive, Rb-Sr isochrons based on suites of rocks at progressive intensities of metasomatism, have been systematically reset over an elpased time of ∼200 Ma after termination of outgassing, due to disturbance accompanying incremental displacements on structures. Carbon isotope compositions of ferroan dolomites in faults are tightly clustered along local fault sectors, but also display a marked provinciality: from east to west δ 13C=−6.0 to −8.5 (Malartic), −8.0 to −9.0 (Cadillac), −2.0 to −4.5 (Kirkland Lake), and −0.5 to −3.5 (Timmins). The observed provinciality of both δ 13C values and 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios is interpreted to reflect compositional heterogeneities in a radiogenic sialic crust and the green-stone belt supracrustal sequence, both of which supplied volatiles, magmas and lithophile elements to the fault structures during late stage transpressive tectonics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371236
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light requirement, phytochrome and photoperiodic induction of flowering of Pharbitis nil Chois (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Flowering ; Pharbitis ; Photoperiodic induction ; Phytochrome ; Spectrophotometry (phytochrome)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During an inductive dark period for flowering, changes in phytochrome have been followed in cotyledons of Pharbitis nil seedlings using a spectrophotometric and a physiological technique. There was agreement between the two techniques, both indicating a rapid lowering of the levels of the far-red-absorbing form of the pigment (Pfr) during the first 30–90 min of darkness. Thus, Pfr could provide the cue which signals the beginning of darkness and the length of the critical dark period was, in some instances, correlated with the time of Pfr disappearance. However, there was no correlation with another indicator of photoperiodic time measurement, the time in darkness at which a brief night interruption becomes inhibitory to flowering. These results imply that the transition from light to darkness is not signalled by the disappearance of Pfr. However, the involvement of other photoreceptors seems unlikely. Thus, some mode of phytochrome action other than a simple Pfr-mediated response may be involved in the light/dark-sensing reactions of photoperiodism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387738
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 72 (1998), S. 200-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Deformation analysis ; Estimation ; Space geodesy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. We discuss an approach for efficiently combining different types of geodetic data to estimate time-dependent motions of stations in a region of active deformation. The primary observations are analyzed separately to produce loosely constrained estimates of station positions and coordinate system parameters which are then combined with appropriate constraints to estimate velocities and coseismic displacements. We define noninteger degrees of freedom to handle the case of finite constraints and stochastic perturbation of parameters and develop statistical tests for determining compatibility between different data sets. With these developments, we show an example of combining space and terrestrial geodetic data to obtain the deformation field in southern California.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050161
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent feedback inhibition of photosynthesis in peanut (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 175 (1988), S. 348-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Arachis ; Carbon dioxide assimilation ; Photosynthesis (inhibition) ; Source: sink ratio ; Temperature (low) and growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arachis hypogaea L. is a tropical crop that is slow-growing at temperatures below 25°C. Unadapted CO2-assimilation rate (A) showed insufficient variation between 15 and 30°C in the short term (hours) to explain this marked reduction in growth. However, at longer periods (12 d), A was depressed as were growth rate and leafproduction rate. To examine the possible relationship between growth, A and sink demand plants were transferred from 30°C, which is near the optimum for growth, to a suboptimal temperature (19°C). In the first 2 d of cooling, A decreased by 50–70%, the stomata stayed open, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) rose, i.e. the decrease in A of the cooled plants was the result of non-stomatal factors. Changes in dark respiration did not account for the decline in A. Clear evidence was obtained of sink control of A by independently manipulating the temperature of different leaves on the plant. Cooling (to 19°C) most of the plant (the sink) led to a 70% decline in A of the remaining leaves at 30°C after 3 d, whereas the converse treatments (30°C sink, 19°C source) resulted in small changes (17%). In plants at 19°C which were exposed to low CO2 concentration to prevent photosynthesis, A was not reduced when measured at normal CO2 concentrations, indicating that carbohydrate accumulation was responsible for the decline in A. Dry-matter build-up at suboptimal temperature was also consistent with end-product inhibition of photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396340
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shifts in the semidian rhythm of flowering do determine night-break timing and critical night length in Pharbitis nil (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 206 (1998), S. 28-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Flowering ; Pharbitis (photoperiodism) ; Photoperiodism ; Rhythm (semidian) ; Semidian rhythm ; Time measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. There is a semidian (≈12 h) rhythm in the flowering response of the short-day plant Pharbitis nil Choisy following 90 min exposure to either far-red light/darkness or a temperature drop (27 °C to 12 °C) given at various times in constant conditions before an inductive dark period. This semidian rhythmic response to the temperature-drop pretreatments in the light is also evident through the inductive dark period without change of phase. Furthermore, those pretreatments which increase flowering also advance the time of maximum sensitivity to red light (R) interruptions of the dark period by up to 1.5 h and shorten the critical night length. Conversely, pretreatments which reduce flowering delay the time of maximum R inhibition by up to 1.5 h and increase the critical night length by the same amount. However the phase of a circadian rhythm of flowering response had no effect on either the time of maximum R inhibition or the critical night length. Thus, the semidian rhythm determines both the time of maximum R inhibition and the critical night length in Pharbitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050370
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floral determination and in-vitro floral differentiation in isolated shoot apices of Lolium temulentum L. (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 185 (1991), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Floral determination and evocation ; Flower development in-vitro ; Gibberellin and flower development ; Lolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot apices of Lolium temulentum excised after exposure of the plants to one long day (LD) undergo floral development in vitro, whereas those excised from plants in short days (SD) remain vegetative. Floral differentiation in vitro is reasonably normal and responds quantitatively to the preceding LD induction when three conditions are met. First, excision must not precede the arrival at the apex of the LD stimulus from the leaves. This appears to begin about 22 h after the start of the LD and is completed after a further 14 h, by which time all isolated apices have become capable of initiating inflorescence differentiation, i.e. florally determined. Second, for apices excised on the day after the LD (Day II) or early on Day III, the presence of gibberellic acid in the medium is required for floral differentiation to occur in most explants. By contrast, neither kinetin (N6-furfurylaminopurine) nor indole-3-acetic acid is required or beneficial, while abscisic acid in the medium is inhibitory to both survival and floral differentiation in excised apices. The third requirement is for an adequate supply of sugar, particularly after floral differentiation begins. Sucrose is taken up rapidly to reach high levels in the excised apices, but high sugar concentration in the medium, either alone or with gibberellic acid, does not suffice for floral differentiation to begin, and there is an absolute requirement for receipt of the LD stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative significance for stem elongation and flowering in Lolium temulentum of 3β-hydroxylation of gibberellins (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1993), S. 130-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Lolium ; Gibberellin ; Flowering ; Stem elongation ; 3β-Hydroxylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In previous experiments with many gibberellins (GAs) and GA derivatives applied to Lolium temulentum L., quite different structural requirements were evident for stem elongation on the one hand and for the promotion of flowering on the other. Whereas hydroxylation at carbons 12, 13 and 15 enhanced flowering relative to stem growth, the reverse was the case at carbon 3 (L.T. Evans et al. 1990, Planta 182, 97–106). The significance of hydroxylation at carbon 3 is examined in this paper. The application of inhibitors of 3β-hydroxylation, including C/D-ring-rearranged GAs, reduced stem growth but, in the case of the two acylcyclohexanediones, increased the flowering response when applied on the inductive long day. Later applications of the acylcyclohexanediones, made after floral initiation had occurred, were inhibitory to flowering, suggesting that subsequent inflorescence development requires 3β-hydroxylated GAs. Applications of the 3α-hydroxy epimers of GA1, GA3 and GA4 gave slightly less promotion of flowering in comparison with the 3β-hydroxy GAs, but far less promotion of stem elongation, except in the case of 3-epi-GA4, which was comparable to GA4. The 3α-hydroxy epimer of 2,2-dimethyl GA4 gave less promotion of flowering than its 3β-hydroxy epimer but almost no promotion of stem elongation. The 3α-hydroxy epimers of GA3 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4 did not act as competitive inhibitors of the stem elongation elicited by GA3 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4, respectively. These results extend the differences in GA structure which favour flowering as opposed to stem elongation, and indicate that 3-hydroxylation and its epimeric configuration are of much greater importance to stem elongation than to flower initiation in Lolium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198703
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The differential effects of C-16,17-dihydro gibberellins and related compounds on stem elongation and flowering in Lolium temulentum (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 193 (1994), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Lolium ; Gibberellin ; Flowering ; Day-length ; Stem elongation ; 16,17-dihydro gibberellins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants of Lolium temulentum L. cv. Ceres grown under short days (SDs) can be induced to initiate inflorescences either by exposure to one long day (LD) or by single applications of some gibberellins (GAs), which also enhance the flowering response to one LD. Single doses of up to 25 μg per plant of C-16, 17-dihydro-GA5 were about as effective as GA5 for promoting flowering after one LD but inhibited stem elongation by up to 40% over three weeks. The promotion of flowering but not the inhibition of elongation by 16, 17-dihydro-GA5 was reduced in SDs or in LDs low in far-red (FR) radiation. With shoot apices cultured in vitro, 16, 17-dihydro-GA5 was more florigenic than GA3 for apices excised after one LD of 14 h or more, but less florigenic for apices excised from plants in shorter days. 16, 17-Dihydro-GA5 was ineffective compared with GA1, GA3 and GA5 for α-amylase production by half-seeds of Lolium, a response concordant with its effect on stem elongation. As with GA5, 16, 17-dihydro derivatives of GA1, GA3, GA20 and several other GAs were more effective for flowering and less effective for stem elongation than the GAs from which they were derived. Hydroxylation at C-17 and/or C-16 generally reduced the effectiveness of 16, 17-dihydro-GA5 for flowering. These results extend the known features of GA structure which favour flowering relative to stem elongation in L. temulentum. Moreover, C-16, 17-dihydro-GA5 mimics, in its daylength- and wavelength-dependence and lack of stem elongation, characteristics of the LD stimulus in L. temulentum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of assimilate utilization on photosynthetic rate in wheat (1967)
    Springer
    Planta 77 (1967), S. 261-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two weeks after anthesis, when the grain is filling rapidly, the rate of photosynthesis by flag leaves of wheat cv. Gabo was between 20 and 30 mg CO2 dm-2 leaf surface hour-1 under the conditions used. About 45% of flag-leaf assimilates were translocated to the ear, and only about 12% to the roots and young shoots. On removing the ear, net photosynthesis by the flag leaves was reduced by about 50% within 3–15 hours, and there was a marked reduction in the outflow of 14C-labelled assimilates from the flag leaves. Subsequent darkening of all other leaves on plants without ears led to recovery of flag-leaf photosynthesis, as measured by gas analysis and 14CO2 fixation, and to increased translocation of assimilates to the roots and young shoots. Minor changes in the rates of dark respiration accompanied these major, reversible changes in photosynthetic rate. After more than a week in continuous, high-intensity light, the rate of photosynthesis by flag leaves of intact plants had fallen considerably, but could be restored again by a period in darkness, or by inhibiting photosynthesis in the ears by spraying them with DCMU. The inhibition of ear photosynthesis increased translocation of labelled assimilates from the flag leaf to the ears, without affecting leaf sugar levels. The application of TIBA to the culm below the ear inhibited auxin movement throught the culm, but had no influence on flag-leaf photosynthesis. These results suggest that, at least in this system, photosynthesis by the flag leaf is regulated directly by the demand for assimilates from the flag leaf and not indirectly through action in the leaf of auxins produced by the “sink” organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385296
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