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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and zoogeography of the marine cladoceran Podon schmackeri in the northwestern Pacific (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 102 (1989), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Distribution and zoogeography of Podon schmackeri in the northwestern Pacific was studied on the basis of materials collected during the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions, 1965 to 1974. P. schmackeri was mainly distributed in waters along the coast of the Asian continent from the south of Vietnam to northern waters adjacent to Japan and the Kuroshio Extension. The Kuroshio Current seems to be important in transporting this species from Japanese coastal regions to the offshore waters of the Kuroshio Extension, whereas the Oyashio front forms the northern limit of its distribution. A few individuals found in the Oyashio region might be those transported by detached warm-core rings. This species occurred from April to August in the southern waters of Vietnam, whereas it appeared during the later period, June to September, in the northern waters of the Kuroshio Extension. Temperature and salinity ranged from 19.71° to 30.39°C and from 29.37 to 34.27‰, respectively. Maximum abundance of 79.2 individuals m-3 was recorded in the Japanese coastal region with 23.98°C and 33.50‰ water. Later occurrence in northern waters might be due to the delay in raising of the water temperature. Geographical variations in size were observed; individuals were smaller in standard length (0.34 to 0.50 mm, mean 0.42 mm) in southern waters of Kyushu, Japan, with a gradual increase toward northern waters of the Sea of Japan where size range was 0.49 to 0.65 mm (mean 0.57 mm). Geographical variations in fecundity in terms of mean number of embryos per batch was also detected. Fecundity was higher in southern waters of Kyushu and the Sea of Japan, 5.20 and 5.36, and lower in waters of southern Honshu and the Korea Strait, 2.35 and 3.90. These variations seemed to be derived from a compound effect of environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity and food availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428281
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding habits of marine cladocerans in the Inland Sea of Japan (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 100 (1989), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Natural food items of five species of marine cladocerans, Evadne nordmanni, E. tergestina, Penilia avirostris, Podon leuckarti and P. polyphemoides, were investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan between April 1986 and May 1987. Gut content examination with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) revealed that feeding was largely limited to centric diatoms and a few exceptions of pennate diatoms and dinoflagellates. No animal remains were detected, and some unidentified materials were also found. Phytoplankton smaller than 35 μm in size (cell diameter in centric diatoms and longest dimension in others) was found most frequently in the gut of cladocerans. The role of grazing of marine cladocerans in trophodynamic pathways of the pelagic realm is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391145
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparin-containing block copolymers (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 4 (1993), S. 448-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Newly synthesized heparin-containing block copolymers, consisting of a hydrophobic block of polystyrene (PS), a hydrophilic spacer-block of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and covalently bonded heparin (Hep) as bioactive block, were coated either onto glass, poly (dimethylsiloxane), polyurethane or PS substrates. Coated surfaces were characterized by determination of the surface-bound heparin activity, adsorption of AT III, plasma recalcification time assays, adhesion of platelets and by an ex vivo rabbit A-A shunt model. It was demonstrated that heparin was available at the surface of all heparin-bound surfaces to interact with AT III and thrombin and to prevent the formation of clots. The maximum immobilized heparin activity was found to be 5.5×10-3 U cm-2. Coated surfaces showed a significant prolongation of the plasma reclacification times as compared to control surfaces, due to surface-immobilized heparin. The platelet adhesion demonstrated that platelets reacted only minimally with the heparin-containing block copolymers in the test system and that the heparin-containing block copolymers seemed to passify the surface as compared to control surfaces. In the ex vivo A-A shunt experiments, which were carried out under low flow and low shear conditions, the heparin-containing block copolymers exhibited prolonged occlusion times, indicating the ability of the heparin-containing block copolymers to reduce thrombus formation at the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120124
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Microstructure of Direct Squeeze Cast and Gravity Die Cast 7050 (Al–6.2Zn–2.3Cu–2.3Mg) Wrought Al Alloy (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 6 (1998), S. 75-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Squeeze casting ; solidification ; Al alloy ; microstructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A 7050 (Al–6.2 wt% Zn–2.3 wt% Cu–2.3 wt% Mg) Al alloy, conventionally used for wrought products, has been successfully cast to near-net shape using direct squeeze casting. Squeeze casting with an applied pressure of 50 MPa removes the defects observed in gravity die cast billets, in particular, (1) shrinkage pipe, (2) poor die replication and waisting, and (3) microporosity. Squeeze casting results in considerable refinement of the microstructure due to an increase in cooling rate from ∼0.5°C s−1 for gravity casting to ∼11°C s−1 for squeeze casting in a tool steel die lined with porous insulation, and from ∼2.5 to ∼10°C s−1, respectively, in an uninsulated die. A normal segregation pattern of increasing eutectic toward the center of the billet is found for squeeze casting, compared to an inverse segregation pattern of increasing eutectic toward the edge of the billet for gravity casting. This change in segregation pattern is due to a higher radial temperature gradient and reduced time in the semisolid state for squeeze casting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022610518080
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparin-containing block copolymers (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 4 (1993), S. 353-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Newly synthesized heparin-containing block copolymers, consisting of a hydrophobic block of polystyrene (PS), a hydrophilic spacer-block of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and covalently bound heparin (Hep) as bioactive block, were coated on aluminium, glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), PS or Biomer substrates. Surfaces of coated materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (XPS). It was demonstrated by TEM that thin films of PS-PEO and PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers consisted of heterogeneous microphase separated structures. Using sessile-drop and Wilhelmy plate dynamic contact angle measurements, insight was provided into the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of the coatings. Measurements with hydrated coatings of PS-PEO and PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers revealed that the surfaces became more hydrophilic during immersion in water, due to relaxation/reorientation, or swelling of PEO or PEO-Hep domains, respectively. XPS results for PS, PEO, heparin and PS-PEO as powder agreed well with qualitative and quantitative predictions. XPS results for films of PS-PEO and PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers showed enrichments of PEO in the top layers of the coatings. This effect was more pronounced for hydrated surfaces. Only small amounts of heparin were detected at the surface of coatings of PS-PEO-Hep block copolymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122193
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of preoxidation on the sulfidation of Ni-20Cr (2–5)Al Alloys (1991)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 36 (1991), S. 395-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel-base alloys ; oxidation ; Sulfidation ; hot-corrosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of preoxidation in H2/H2O and in dry H2 on the sulfidation resistance of Ni-20Cr-Al alloys with 2, 3.5, and 5 wt.% Al has been investigated. The samples were sulfidized 4 hr in H2/5% H2S at 750, 800, and 850° C. Best results were obtained for the Ni-20Cr-5Al alloy pretreated for 100 hr at 1000°C in dry H2. The sulfidation reaction in H2/5% H2S was retarded strongly by this treatment for a period of 4 hr at 850°C and of 15 hr at 750°C. Although less pronounced, preoxidation of alloys with lower Al contents or pretreatment in H2/H2O show positive effects as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01151588
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of preoxidation on the sulfidation of Ni-20Cr (2–5)Al Alloys (1991)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 36 (1991), S. 379-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel-base alloys ; sulfidation ; preoxidation ; Al2O3 scales ; Cr2O3 scales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ni-20Cr alloys with 2, 3.5, and 5 wt.% Al have been preoxidized up to 100 hr at 1000°C in dry H2, in H2/23% H2O and in air and subsequently exposed to an H2/5% H2S atmosphere at 750° C. During the preoxidation treatment different types of oxide scales were formed which affect the sulfidation protection in different ways. Optimum results were obtained for alloys with 3.5 and 5 wt.% Al after 20 hr exposure to dry H2 at 1000°C. A thin Al2O3 scale is formed which decreases the sulfur attack by more than one order of magnitude. Preoxidation conditions for Ni-20Cr-2Al alloys in H2 and for Ni-20Cr-2Al and Ni-20Cr-3.5Al in H2/H2O were observed to be less effective. No improvement was found for preoxidation in air or for Ni-20Cr-5Al alloys preoxidized in H2/H2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01151587
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swelling of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels in water-aprotic solvent mixtures (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 655-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Aprotic solvent ; reentrant swelling phenomenon ; reentrant-convex swelling phenomenon ; solubility parameter ; Kirkwood-Buff parameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The swelling volume of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) gel in aprotic solvents (acetonitrile (AcN)-, tetrahydrofuran (THF)-, 1,4-dioxane (DO)- and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO))-water mixtures was measured at 25°C. The gel swollen in water shrank first and then reswelled with addition of the aprotic solvents. At an intermediate mole fraction (XDMSO) range of DMSO-water mixtures, the gel demonstrated a “reentrant” swelling phenomenon the hydrated gel shrank first on addition of a small amount of solvent, showed a typical wide reentrant transition, and gradually reswelled in the range near pure solvent. On the other hand, the gels in AcN-, THF-, and DO-water mixtures demonstrated a “reentrant-convex” swelling phenomenon: the gels reswelled after a reentrant phase transition in low Xorg (XAcN, XTHF and XDO), showed a maximum swelling in the intermediate Xorg region, and shrank again gradually in the high Xorg region. Such a swelling behavior of the gel was interpreted by correlating with solution properties of the aqueous aprotic solvent mixtures. The strength of hydrogen bonding around amide groups of the homopolymer was examined in pure solvents (water, THF, and DMSO) and in all proportion of aqueous THF to observe the relation with swelling behavior of gel by spectrum analysis of the amide I and II bands of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The swelling properties of gels in solvents and the aqueous mixtures were well correlated with the peak shifts of amide groups of the homopolymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00659279
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic determination of thermophysical properties of thin metallic plates using parameter estimation (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 12 (1991), S. 1063-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: parameter estimation ; photoacoustic technique ; thermal diffusivity ; thermal effusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The phase and the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal were measured as a function of chopping frequency for several kinds of widely used thin metallic plates (stainless steel 304, brass, aluminum, and copper) attached to plexiglass backing. The experimental data have been analyzed systematically by parameter estimation technique based on the two-layer model developed from Rosencwaig-Gersho (R-G) theory. Using this analysis, the values of thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity of the materials have been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503519
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of thermophysical properties of a film coated on a substrate using pulsed transient analysis (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 135-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: thermal diffusivity ; film ; effusivity ; parameter estimation ; pulsed transient analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermophysical properties (thermal diffusivity, effusivity) of a film coated on a substrate have been measured by a pulsed transient analysis. The experimental approach is to utilize the film surface temperature decay following a heating pulse from a Q-switched Nd:glass laser. The temperature decay was measured using a HgCdTe infrared detector. Following the collection of data, a nonlinear least-squares regression was performed to estimate the optimal values of three separate thermal parameters by fitting the data to the semiinfinite substrate model solution. The model was checked systematically by analysis of the sensitivity and correlation of the three parameters, and the thermal diffusivity and effusivity ratio of the film and substrate were obtained from the optimal values of the estimated parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00522667
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