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  • 1
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    Enhanced Critical Current Density in MgB2 Superconductor via Si and C Coadditions (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-07
    Print ISSN: 1557-1939
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-1947
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Synthesis of Bulk FeTe1−x Se x (x = 0.1−0.5) at Ambient Pressure (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Print ISSN: 1557-1939
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-1947
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exogenous female sex-steroid hormones on β2-adrenoceptors in healthy males (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 52 (1997), S. 281-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Oestrogen ; Steroid hormones; male ; β2-adrenoceptor ; lymphocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: We have previously demonstrated that exogenous progesterone, but not oestrogen, up-regulated lymphocyte β2-adrenoceptors (β2-AR) when given during the follicular phase in healthy females. In the present study, we were interested to see whether this facilitatory effect of female sex-steroid hormones could be demonstrated in healthy males. Methods: Nine healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 24 years completed this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. They were randomised to receive either oral placebo, oestradiol valerate (4 mg) or medroxyprogesterone (40 mg). The study medication was given in two divided doses 12 h apart. Subjects attended the laboratory at baseline (T0 is baseline), 1 h after ingestion of the second dose of study medication (T1) and 24 h later (T24). At each visit, 60 ml of peripheral blood was withdrawn for measurement of serum oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels, and for lymphocyte β2-AR parameters; density (Bmax), binding affinity (Kd) and maximal cyclic AMP response to isoprenaline (Emax). Results: Baseline levels of sex-steroid hormones were comparable for each of the treatment periods. Serum oestradiol levels increased significantly, twofold, 1 h after ingestion of oestradiol but there was no significant change in levels of serum progesterone and testosterone. Lymphocyte β2-AR parameters following treatment with oestradiol and progesterone did not change significantly from baseline and were not different from placebo. Conclusion: In contrast to previously reported effects in women, female sex-steroid hormones did not appear to have any significant facilitatory effects on lymphocyte β2-AR parameters when given exogenously to healthy males. This lack of effect may be due either to the absence of receptors for female sex hormones in β2-AR or to reduced efficacy of female hormone-receptor coupling in male lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050290
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative bioavailability of cyclosporin from conventional and microemulsion formulations in heart-lung transplant candidates with cystic fibrosis (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cyclosporin ; Cystic fibrosis ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; formulation ; transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with cystic fibrosis absorb cyclosporin poorly and erratically. We have compared the relative bioavailability of cyclosporin from conventional and microemulsion formulations in 5 adult heart-lung transplant candidates with cystic fibrosis. Relative bioavailability was compared at two dose levels (200 mg and 800 mg). A randomized 4-period cross-over study was performed with at least a 7 days washout period between each single dose pharmacokinetic study. Blood cyclosporin concentrations were measured by a selective monoclonal antibody-based radioimmunoassay. The bioavailability of cyclosporin from the microemulsion formulation was 1.84 (95% C.I. 1.05 to 3.22; P−0.04) and 2.09 (95% C.I. 0.95 to 4.61; P−0.06) times higher compared with the conventional formulation at 200 mg and 800 mg respectively. Cmax following the microemulsion formulation was 3.38 (C.I. 1.14 to 10.59; P−0.04) and 2.77 (C.I. 1.48 to 5.19; P−0.01) times higher compared with the conventional formulation at 200 mg and 800 mg respectively. The higher Cmax following the microemulsion formulation was accompanied by shorter tmax. An enhancement of cyclosporin absorption with the microemulsion formulation was demonstrated in each patient for at least one dose level. We conclude that rate and extent of cyclosporin absorption from the microemulsion formulation is greater compared with the conventional formulation in patients with cystic fibrosis. The potential therapeutic and economic benefits of the micro-emulsion formulation should be evaluated in cystic fibrosis patients following heart-lung transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198313
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of interactions of evaporated metals with electroactive polyaniline films (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed for the in situ study of interactions between thermally evaporated Mg atoms and electroactive polyaniline (PANI) films of various intrinsic oxidation states. Quantitative changes in the N1s core-level spectra and the Mg2p core-level spectra, as well as the changes in surface chemical stoichiometry of these films throughout the Mg evaporation process were carefully monitored. Although the nitrogen sites appeared to be more attractive to the in-coming Mg atoms and the emeraldine base (EB) and nigraniline base (NA) films underwent an apparent decrease in intrinsic oxidation state ([=N-]/[-NH-] ratio) as a result of Mg evaporation, there is no direct interaction between the two species. On the other hand, the adsorbed oxygen from the bulk of the polymer film played a dominant role in the interfacial interactions between the polymer and the metal. Characterization of the delaminated indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and polymer surfaces from EB film and its camphorsulfonic acid-doped counterpart cast on ITO substrates had also been carried out to evaluate the interaction of PANI with the high work function metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008977331961
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microstructural study on the surface and interface of CdTe/CdS solar cells (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surface and interface properties of CdTe/CdS solar cells, including interfacial mixing, surface and interface geometrical morphology, CdTe grain size and preferential crystal orientation of CdTe layers were studied using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, optical reflectance (OR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The correlation between the surface and interface properties and CdTe/CdS solar cell performance was also investigated. AES depth profiling was used to analyse the interdiffusion between the CdTe and CdS layers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggests that the interfacial geometrical morphology has a significant influence on the photovoltaic property of CdTe/CdS solar cells. Rough interfaces tend to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells because of multiple reflections. X-ray diffraction shows that polycrystalline CdTe/CdS solar cells with higher efficiencies appear to be orientated with more (1 1 1) planes of CdTe parallel to the macrosurface, but CdTe single crystals with differently indexed surface planes show almost the same reflection behaviour. Further theoretical and experimental analyses are therefore needed to clarify this observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018529726498
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the magnetic properties of consolidated amorphous powder cores (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 2776-2786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown that it is possible to produce high density amorphous metal compacts on a routine basis, that have interesting soft magnetic properties. A study of some of the parameters determining their magnetic properties has been made. As expected, interparticle insulation and compact thickness affect the a.c. properties. Surprisingly, the magnetic properties were found to be relatively independent of compact density, in the range 73 to 98% of theoretical density. Low or zero magnetostriction alloys gave superior properties. If more than ~ 10% interparticle insulation is employed then the alloy composition is of less consequence. It is shown that a wide range of properties may be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553039
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Human Bone Marrow Stroma-Derived Cell Line TF274 Is Highly Osteogenic In Vitro and In Vivo (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 214-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoblasts — Osteogenic — Mineralization — Bone formation — SCID mouse.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A novel, immortalized, human bone marrow stroma-derived cell line TF274 is described which has the ability to form bone both in vitro and in vivo. Under basal conditions these cells expressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type I collagen genes which are characteristic of the osteoblast phenotype. ALP levels were upregulated in the presence of osteotropic agents such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and BMP-2. In addition, PTH also increased cAMP levels in these cells. The capacity of these cells to form bone in vitro was evaluated by culturing them in the presence of L-ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. Matrix mineralization in these cultures was assessed by Alizarin Red staining and increased 45Ca uptake. Under these conditions mineralized nodule formation was observed in less than 2 weeks. Northern analysis of TF274 cells at various times during the mineralization process indicated a temporal expression of the osteocalcin gene that is typically associated with differentiating osteoblasts. The osteogenic nature of TF274 cells was confirmed in vivo using the severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model. Antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA), class I antigens, and human OKa blood group antigen were used to demonstrate that the lesions formed were of human origin. By 21 days, the lesion consisted of a homogeneous focus of ALP-positive cells containing areas of mineralized bone lined with tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclasts. Thus, the TF274 cells exhibit osteogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. This immortalized cell line represents a consistent source of cells that can be used to study human osteoblast differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900517
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfur K- and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and stannite (1994)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 20 (1994), S. 489-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectra (XANES and EXAFS) and L-edge XANES of sphalerite (ZnS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and stannite (Cu2FeSnS4) have been recorded using synchrotron radiation. The K- and L-edge XANES features are interpreted using a qualitative MO/energy band structure model. The densities of unoccupied states at the conduction bands of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and stannite are determined using S K- and L-edge XANES features (up to 15 eV above the edge), combined with published metal K-edge XANES. The SK- and L-edge XANES also indicate that, for sphalerite, the Fe2+ 3d band at the fundamental gap has little or no bonding hybridization with S 3p and S 3s orbitals; for chalcopyrite, the Cu+ 3d and Fe3+ 3d bands have strong mixing with S 3p and S 3s states, while for stannite the Cu+ 3d band strongly hybridizes with S 3p and S 3s orbitals, but the Fe2+ 3d band does not. The post-edge XANES features (15–50 eV above the edge) of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and stannite are similar. These features are related to the tetrahedral coordination of sulfur in all these structures, and interpreted by a multiple scattering model. The resonance energies from both the K-edge and L-edge XANES for these minerals are well correlated with reciprocal interatomic distances and lattice spaces. Sulfur K-edge EXAFS analyses using Fourier transform and curve fitting procedures are presented. Comparison of the structural parameters from EXAFS with x-ray structure data shows that the first shell bond distances (BD) from EXAFS are usually accurate to ±0.02 Å, and that coordination numbers (CN) are generally accurate to ±20 percent. For sphalerite, EXAFS analysis yields the structure parameters for the first three neighbour shells around a sulfur atom; the BD and CN even for the third shell are in close agreement with the x-ray structure, and the Debye-Waller term decreases from the first shell to the third shell. It is shown that sphalerite (ZnS) is a good model compound for EXAFS analysis of sulfur in chalcogenide glasses and metalloproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203219
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of plasma and urinary salbutamol levels in COPD (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 91-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Salbutamol; nebulised ; pharmacokinetics ; COPD ; overnight urinary salbutamol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the use of trough plasma salbutamol and overnight urinary salbutamol excretion in the assessment of nebulised salbutamol delivery in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Twenty in-patients with COPD receiving nebulised salbutamol, age 69.7 years, FEV1 38.1% predicted, were studied on two consecutive days, receiving four 2.5 mg doses of nebulised salbutamol on day 1 and four 5 mg doses of nebulised salbutamol on day 2, the first dose at 8.00 h the last dose at 22.00 h. Salbutamol delivery was assessed after the last dose by trough plasma salbutamol 8.00 h and overnight urinary excretion of salbutamol (22.00–8.00 h). Results: Levels of urinary salbutamol were detectable in all 20 patients at both doses, whereas for plasma salbutamol detectable levels were only found in 16/20 cases at the 2.5 mg dose and in all cases at the 5 mg dose. For overnight urinary salbutamol (μg⋅10 h−1  n = 20) the results were 141 for 2.5 mg and 249 for 5 mg. The dose ratio for urinary salbutamol between 2.5 mg and 5 mg doses was 1.83. Results for plasma salbutamol (ng/ml, n = 16) were 1.58 at 2.5 mg and 2.43 at 5 mg: dose ratio (geometric mean) 1.49. Conclusion: Overnight urinary salbutamol provides a simple and effective measure of nebulised salbutamol delivery in patients with COPD, which would be suitable for studying nebuliser performance and compliance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050166
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