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  • Springer  (223)
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  • 1
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    Degradation of non-phenolic lignin by the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (2002)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Molecular dynamics of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) hydrate (2002)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0947-8396
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0630
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Correlation of mechanical and ultrasonic properties of Al-SIC metal-matrix composite (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1073-5623
    Electronic ISSN: 1543-1940
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aspects of biophotons (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 576-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Photobiology ; bio-communication ; thermal radiation ; spontaneous chemiluminescence ; coherent radiation fields ; exponential and hyperbolic relaxation ; photochemical potential ; phase transition phenomena ; Bose condensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By comparing the theoretically expected results of photon emission from a chaotic (thermal) field and those of an ordered (fully coherent) field with the actual experimental data, one finds ample indications for the hypothesis that ‘biophotons’ originate from a coherent field occurring within living tissues. A direct proof may be seen in the hyperbolic relaxation dynamics of spectral delayed luminescence under ergodic conditions. A possible mechanism has to be founded on Einstein's balance equation and, under stationary conditions, on energy conservation including a photochemical potential. It is shown that the considered equations deliver, besides the thermal equilibrium, a conditionally stable region far away from equilibrium, which can help to describe both ‘biophoton emission’ and biological regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01953305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue-free Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films on indium tin oxide coated substrates by a sol-gel process (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55.Gi; 68.55.-a; 68.60.-p
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Fatigue-free Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric thin films were successfully prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates using the sol-gel method combined with a rapid thermal annealing process (RTA). The films post-annealed at a temperature of 700 °C for 2 min by RTA process formed (110)-oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films with pure perovskite structure, and had a good morphology as well. The good ferroelectricity of the prepared PZT films was confirmed by P–E hysteresis loop measurements. Fatigue characteristics showed stable behavior. Degradation in polarization was not found while the repeating cycles were up to 1011, and a low leakage current density of 10−8 A/cm2 was also obtained from the highly fatigue-resisted PZT thin films on ITO/glass substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050977
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microstructural study on the surface and interface of CdTe/CdS solar cells (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surface and interface properties of CdTe/CdS solar cells, including interfacial mixing, surface and interface geometrical morphology, CdTe grain size and preferential crystal orientation of CdTe layers were studied using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, optical reflectance (OR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The correlation between the surface and interface properties and CdTe/CdS solar cell performance was also investigated. AES depth profiling was used to analyse the interdiffusion between the CdTe and CdS layers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggests that the interfacial geometrical morphology has a significant influence on the photovoltaic property of CdTe/CdS solar cells. Rough interfaces tend to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells because of multiple reflections. X-ray diffraction shows that polycrystalline CdTe/CdS solar cells with higher efficiencies appear to be orientated with more (1 1 1) planes of CdTe parallel to the macrosurface, but CdTe single crystals with differently indexed surface planes show almost the same reflection behaviour. Further theoretical and experimental analyses are therefore needed to clarify this observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018529726498
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A compound sampling scheme for acceptance testing of concrete (1993)
    Springer
    Materials and structures 26 (1993), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume On considère une procédure d’échantillonnage qui consiste à appliquer les deux règles suivantes: (i) la valeur moyenne d’échantillons pris au hasard ne devrait pas être inférieure àa fois la valeur spécifiée officielle: (ii) tous les résultats d’essai individuels ne devraient pas être inférieurs àb fois la valeur spécifiée officielle. La régle d’échantillonnage proposée présente trois paramètres: la taille de l’éprouvette,n, et les constantesa etb. En faisant varier ces trois paramètres, la procédure d’échantillonnage donne lieu à un vaste éventail de courbes de fonctionnement caractéristique. et permet d’établir une courbe OC acceptable pour le producteur et le consommateur. On peut l’utiliser aussi pour produire une nouvelle règle de réception qui donnera une courbe OC similaire à celle d’une procédure d’échantillonnage existante. On propose une solution approchée pour le calcul de la courbe OC de la procédure proposée. On discute aussi les applications de cette procédure.
    Notes: Abstract A sampling scheme which consists of the following two sampling rules is considered: (i) the sample mean value of the random samples should not be less than a times the specified standard and (ii) all individual test results should not be less thanb times the specified standard. By varying the constantsa andb and the sampling size, the sampling scheme generates a wide range of operating characteristics (OC) curves. An approximate closed-form solution is proposed for calculating the OC curve of the proposed scheme. Applications of the scheme are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02472862
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome aberration and ploidy equilibrium of Vicia faba in tissue culture (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1987), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Vicia faba ; Callus ; Chromosome aberration ; Somatic reduction ; Ploidy equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Different phytohormone concentrations induced different fequencies of various chromosome aberrations in calli of Vicia faba. NAA 10 ppm plus KT 2.5 ppm produced more haploids and NAA 30 ppm plus NAA 7.5 ppm produced more tetraploids and breakage. The relationship among the aberrations was analyzed. The hypothesis of ploidy equilibrium was established. The chromosome doubling rate and reduction rate of each treated group were calculated in relation to the observed data and the hypothesis. The frequency of tetraploids and breakage are correlated with each other. The frequency of total aberrations is linearly correlated with that of micronucleus formation. The regression equation is x=31.92+ 10.67 y.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249153
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scope Consistency: A Bridge between Release Consistency and Entry Consistency (1998)
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 31 (1998), S. 451-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. Systems that maintain coherence at large granularity, such as shared virtual memory systems, suffer from false sharing and extra communication. Relaxed memory consistency models have been used to alleviate these problems, but at a cost in programming complexity. Release Consistency (RC) and Lazy Release Consistency (LRC) are accepted to offer a reasonable tradeoff between performance and programming complexity. Entry Consistency (EC) offers a more relaxed consistency model, but it requires explicit association of shared data objects with synchronization variables. The programming burden of providing such associations can be substantial. This paper proposes a new consistency model for such systems, called Scope Consistency (ScC), which offers most of the performance advantages of the EC model without requiring explicit bindings between data and synchronization variables. Instead, ScC dynamically detects the associations implied by the programmer, using a programming interface similar to that of RC or LRC. We propose two ScC protocols: one that uses hardware support for fine-grained remote writes (automatic updates or AU) and the other, an all-software protocol. We compare the AU-based ScC protocol with Automatic Update Release Consistency (AURC), a modified LRC protocol that also takes advantage of automatic update support. AURC already improves performance substantially over an all-software LRC protocol. For three of the five applications we used, ScC further improves the speedups achieved by AURC by about 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002240000097
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding Perceived Complexity in Human Supervisory Control (2000)
    Springer
    Cognition, technology & work 2 (2000), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5566
    Keywords: Key words: Human–machine system – Human supervisory control – Industrial process – Perceived complexity – Typical operational environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: Industrial processes are becoming more complex owing to technological developments and new opportunities. Technological developments, hardware and software, have become more reliable and system configurations more robust. However, the reliability of operator control actions has not improved at the same pace. Consequently human reliability has become the relatively weakest aspect of automated, operator-supervised systems. Hence, understanding how the human operator experiences increasing complexity may play an important role in task allocation and human–machine system design. In this paper the perceived complexity is studied within four typical operational environments in supervisory control. Mathematical formulations for these four operational environments are proposed, and their properties are analysed. A laboratory system is used to investigate the perceived complexity under various operational environments. The experimental results show a significantly different perceived complexity for the coupled and uncoupled operation environments. Extrapolation of the results revealed that the operator would have perceived the system as extremely complex if he/she would have to operate more than eight strongly interconnected subsystems extensively in 30 minutes. Implications of this study are also addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101110050029
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