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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth rates of Corallina officinalis (Rhodophyta) at different temperatures (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 18 (1973), S. 46-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of Corallina officinalis L. were grown in the laboratory for 6 and 8 weeks at temperatures of 6°, 12°, 18°, and 25°C. After 6 weeks, the mean growth rates of main axes were 2.8 mm at 18°C, 2.9 mm at 12°C, and 0.2 mm at 5°C; no growth occurred at 25°C. At 6°C, growth increased with lower light intensities. The mean total increase in length of branchlets present when the plants were collected did not vary significantly at 12° and 18°C. At 12°C, axial intergenicula formed in culture produced more new branchlets than did field-grown intergenicula. Also, the production of these branchlets on cultured intergenicula was higher at 12°C than at 18°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347919
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant two-step photoionization of molecules: Effects of pulse sequence, pulse duration and delay time of two lasers on ionization probability and selectivity (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.80.Eh ; 33.80.Rv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using rate equations the effect of different pulse sequences, pulse durations, and delay times of two lasers on ionization probability and selectivity in resonant two-step photoionization of molecules is investigated. The results demonstrate to what extent a given selectivity of the absorption or relaxation of the intermediate electronic, state is influenced by a special combination of these parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694683
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in cultivars of diploid ryegrass,Lolium perenne andL. multiflorum, at five enzyme systems (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 409-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Partial selfing ; Hardy-Weinberg proportions ; Gametic phase disequilibrium ; Cultivar identification ; Starch gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Samples of approximately 100 plants from each of 22 populations ofLolium perenne representing 15 cultivars, and from 13 populations ofLolium multiflorum representing six cultivars were scored for iso-zyme variants in five enzyme systems, PGI, GOT, ACP, PGM and 6-PGD. From the individual banding patterns a genetic interpretation of the variation was formulated and population studies of the resulting six polymorphic enzyme loci were performed. No strong indications of partial selfing was found since at four of the six loci,Pgi 2, Got 3, Pgm 1 andPgd 1, the genotypic proportions were in correspondence with the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. This indicated, further, that the genetical interpretations of the banding patterns might be correct. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions forAcp 1 andGot 2 indicated presumably selection working on the linkage group including these loci. Gametic phase disequilibrium was observed betweenPgi 2 andPgd 1 for populations of one cultivar. These results were discussed in relation to the variation expected within a cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic structure of the permanganate ion (1968)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 11 (1968), S. 8-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Elektronenstruktur des Permanganations wurde mit einer halbquantitativen LCAO-MO Methode ohne empirische Parameter behandelt. Die Zustandsfunktionen des Zentralatoms wurden variiert und der Einflu\ symmetrische Änderungen der BindungsabstÄnde untersucht. Um die Gegenwart von Kationen in Lösung und im Kristall zu simulieren, wurden daneben auch Rechnungen durchgeführt, bei denen einer stÄrkeren Elektronenanziehung durch die Liganden Rechnung getragen wird. Ferner wurde versucht, das Absorptionsspektrum von MnO 4 − auf Grund der vorausgesagten Bandenform und übergangsenergien zu deuten.
    Abstract: Résumé La structure électronique de l'ion permanganate est étudiée à l'aide d'une méthode LCAO MO semi-quantitative sans paramètres empiriques. La base d'orbitales atomiques pour l'ion central a été systématiquement variée et l'effet de changements symétriques des longueurs de liaison a été aussi examiné. Pour simuler la présence des cations dans la solution et dans le cristal on a fait des calculs dans lesquels la région autour des ligands était rendue plus attractive pour les électrons. Le spectre d'absorption de MnO 4 −1 est interprété à l'aide des prédictions sur les formes des bandes et les énergies de transition.
    Notes: Abstract The electronic structure of the permanganate ion has been investigated, using a semiquantitative LCAO MO method without empirical parameters. The atomic orbital basis set for the central ion has been varied systematically, and the effect of symmetric changes of bond distances has also been examined. In addition, calculations have been performed in which the regions around the ligands have been made more attractive for electrons, to simulate the presence of cations in solution and in the crystalline state. The electronic absorption spectrum of MnO 4 − has been tentatively assigned, on the basis of predicted band shapes and transition energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00526064
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic structures of tetrahedral CrO 4 2− , VO 4 3− and TiCl4 (1968)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 11 (1968), S. 26-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Elektronenstrukturen der Tetraedersysteme CrO 4 2− , VO 4 3− und TiCl4 werden an Hand halbquantitativer LCAO-MO Rechnungen diskutiert.
    Abstract: Résumé Discussion des structures électroniques des systèmes tétraédriques CrO 4 2− , VO 4 3− et TiCl4 sur la base de calculs semi-quantitatifs LCAO MO.
    Notes: Abstract The electronic structures of the tetrahedral systems CrO 4 2− , VO 4 3− and TiCl4 are discussed on the basis of semiquantitative LCAO MO calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00526065
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanosecond UV laser damage and ablation from fluoride crystals polished by different techniques (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 79.20.-Ds; 81.65.-b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Ablation thresholds and damage behavior of cleaved and polished surfaces of CaF2, BaF2, LiF and MgF2 subjected to single-shot irradiation with 248 nm/14 ns laser pulses have been investigated using the photoacoustic mirage technique and scanning electron microscopy. For CaF2, standard polishing yields an ablation threshold of typically 20 J/cm2. When the surface is polished chemo-mechanically, the threshold can be raised to 43 J/cm2, while polishing by diamond turning leads to intermediate values around 30 J/cm2. Cleaved surfaces possess no well-defined damage threshold. When comparing different fluoride surfaces prepared by diamond turning it is found that the damage resistivity roughly scales with the band gap. We find an ablation threshold of 40 J/cm2 for diamond turned LiF while the MgF2 surface can withstand a fluence of more than 60 J/cm2 without damage. The damage topography of conventionally polished surfaces shows flaky ablation across the laser-heated area with cracks along the cleavage planes. No ablation is observed in the case of chemo- mechanical polishing; only a few cracks appear. Diamond turned surfaces show small optical absorption but mostly cracks and ablation of flakes and, in some cases, severe damage in the form of craters larger than the irradiated area. The origin of such different damage behavior is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051520
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luminescence and damage thresholds of cerium-doped LaF3 for ns-pulsed laser excitation at 248 nm (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 68 (1999), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 77.84.-s; 78.20.-e; 78.47.+p; 78.60.-b; 79.20.Ds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 following excitation with 248 nm/14 ns laser pulses at room temperature for the two Ce concentrations 0.03 and [%mol]1. The relative intensities of the 5d-4f bands emitted from Ce3+ at regular and at perturbed lattice sites were found to vary linearly with time for the higher concentration and quadratically for the lower one. This can be explained by radiative energy transfer between the two sites and generation of new perturbed sites at a rate that only shows up for the low Ce concentration. Lifetimes of the respective emission bands were determined to be about 18 ns and 41 ns. Despite resonant absorption of the 5 eV photons, surprisingly high ablation thresholds – 16 J/cm2 for 0.03% Ce, and 10 J/cm2 for 1% Ce – were observed by the probe-beam deflection technique. The reason is the strong energy loss due to intense fluorescence and deposition of the nonradiative energy fraction in the bulk rather than at the surface. The depth of energy deposition was revealed by scanning electron microscopy in the form of distinctly different ablation morphologies for the two Ce concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050612
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser damage and ablation of differently prepared CaF2(111) surfaces (1999)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 49 (1999), S. 1737-1742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ablation thresholds and damage behavior of cleaved and polished CaF2(111) surfaces produced by single shot irradiation with 248nm/14ns laser pulses have been investigated using the photoacoustic mirage technique and scanning electron microscopy. The standard polishing yields an ablation threshold of typically 20 J/cm2. When surfaces are polished chemo-mechanically the threshold is raised to 43 J/cm2. Polishing by diamond turning leads to intermediate values around 30 J/cm2. Cleaved surfaces possess no well-defined damage threshold. The damage topography of conventionally polished surfaces shows ablation of flakes across the laser heated area with cracks along the cleavage planes. In the case of chemo-mechanical polishing only a few cracks appear. Diamond turned surfaces show small optical absorption, but cracks and ablation of tiles. The origin of such different damage behavior is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022836104646
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schriftenschau (1955)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 96 (1955), S. 352-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schriftenschau (1955)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 96 (1955), S. 428-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01955699
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