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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition in low ordered smectics between incommensurate phases and two-dimensional modulated ones for dimesogenic compounds (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 1 (1998), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 61.30.-v Liquid crystals - 61.30.Eb Experimental determinations of smectic, nematic, cholesteric, and other structures - 64.70.Md Transitions in liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Systematic physical chemistry studies are in progress concerning the occurrence of incommensurate low ordered smectic phases in non-symmetric dimesogens varying molecular parameters from the standard compound KI-5. In the present study, the selected molecules possess the same spacer length and the same cholesteryl unit. By means of X-ray diffraction on orientated samples, commensurate phases, incommensurate fluid smectics and two-dimensional ones are clearly evidenced depending both on temperature and molecular parameters. So these dimesogenic compounds respond to the frustration connected to the competition between two incommensurate lengths with the formation either of an incommensurate phase or of a two-dimensional modulated phase. A new topology in a phase diagram results from this competition in a binary system composed of two homologous dimesogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050151
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature of poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 1097-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polyphosphazene ; Thermosensitivity ; Lower critical solution temperature ; Surfactant effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of thermosensitive poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups was examined in terms of molecular interactions between the polyphosphazenes and surfactants including various anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. Most of the anionic and cationic surfactants increased the LCST of the polymers: the LCST increased more sharply with increasing length and hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic part of the surfactant molecule. The ΔLCSTs (T 0.03M − T 0M), the change in the LCST by addition of 0 and 0.03 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were found to be 7.0 and 14.5 °C for the polymers bearing ethyl esters of glycine and aspartic acid, respectively. The LCST increase of poly(organophosphazene) having a more hydrophobic aspartic acid ethyl ester was 2 times larger compared with that of the polymer having glycine ethyl ester as a side group. The binding behavior of SDS to the polymer bearing glycine ethyl ester as a hydrophobic group was explained from the results of titration of the polymer solutions containing SDS with tetrapropylammonium bromide. Graphic models for the molecular interactions of polymer/surfactant and polymer/surfactant/salt in aqueous solutions were proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000368
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a Temperature Limited Single-Anode Magnetron-Injection-Gun (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 20 (1999), S. 239-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A single-anode magnetron-injection-gun which will be employed to high power (61.5kV, 2amps) gyro-amplifier experiments is designed. Analytic equations based on adiabatic theory and angular momentum conservation are used to examine initial design parameters such as cathode angle, beam emitting surface radius, and anode-cathode gap. A final beam optics optimization is carried out by the use of an electron trajectory code. A beam rms spread of axial velocity, Δv z/v z, obtained from the ray tracing code is observed to be 3.7% at α = 1.37. Cathode surface roughness and thermal spreads result in increasing the beam velocity spread to 4.2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021715820412
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal vapour lasers (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. v 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619641
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal vapour lasers: a review of recent progress (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A brief review of metal vapour lasers is presented with an emphasis on the recent progress made in advancing metal vapour laser technology and applications. It is anticipated that new types of metal vapour lasers will be developed which take advantage of recently observed behaviours of high pressure copper vapour lasers. For example, collisional excitation energy transfer may make it possible to develop efficient single wavelength copper vapour lasers at high pressures. Also, use of new discharge schemes such as high power microwave discharges may significantly advance the metal vapour laser technology. A variety of new applications should also be realized in the years to come.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619642
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mild synthesis of a CuSr2(Y, Ca) Cu2O y superconductor using a sol-gel method (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 6501-6506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A CuSr2(Y, Ca) Cu2O y superconductor was obtained under atmospheric pressure using a sol-gel method. A material including this superconductive phase showed diamagnetic behaviour from 45 K and a drastic decrease of resistance from 51 K. It was found from X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies that the superconductive crystal has a tetragonal symmetry of a=0.382 nm and c=1.129 nm, and no superstructural ordering was found. However, we cannot completely rule out the possibility of carbon contamination on copper sites. It has been demonstrated that the sol-gel method is a promising route to synthesize high pressure phases of cuprate superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356254
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate Change and Forest Fire Potential in Russian and Canadian Boreal Forests (1998)
    Springer
    Climatic change 38 (1998), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this study outputs from four current General Circulation Models (GCMs) were used to project forest fire danger levels in Canada and Russia under a warmer climate. Temperature and precipitation anomalies between 1 × CO2 and 2 × CO2 runs were combined with baseline observed weather data for both countries for the 1980–1989 period. Forecast seasonal fire weather severity was similar for the four GCMs, indicating large increases in the areal extent of extreme fire danger in both countries under a 2 × CO2 climate scenario. A monthly analysis, using the Canadian GCM, showed an earlier start to the fire season, and significant increases in the area experiencing high to extreme fire danger in both Canada and Russia, particularly during June and July. Climate change as forecast has serious implications for forest fire management in both countries. More severe fire weather, coupled with continued economic constraints and downsizing, mean more fire activity in the future is a virtual certainty. The likely response will be a restructuring of protection priorities to support more intensive protection of smaller, high-value areas, and a return to natural fire regimes over larger areas of both Canada and Russia, with resultant significant impacts on the carbon budget.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005306001055
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress corrosion studies of ion implanted austenitic steel (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 2159-2162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Stress corrosion studies of 50 Mn18Cr4 austenitic steel implanted with 120 keV N+, 100 keV Cr+, 200keV and 400 keV Er+ ions were carried out by constant strain method in the nitrate solution. Surface composition and depth profiles of the implanted material were measured by AES sputter etching technique. The results exhibit that nitrogen implantation has no significant affection to the stress corrosion, but the chromium and erbium implantation has prolonged the incubation period of the stress corrosion cracking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004580331126
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peritectic solidification of the stable Al-Cu-Co decagonal quasicrystal (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1992), S. 909-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00729091
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silanol group effect of alkylnitrile (cyano) bonded phase in high-performance liquid chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Cyano bonded phases ; Residual silanol groups ; Diethyldithiocarbamates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary When a cyano bonded phase is used together with a nonaqueous eluent, it is universal that the silanol groups which remain at the surface of the silica gel after bonding affect the retention of solutes. With solutes containing such atoms as N, S and O, hydrogen bond may form between the solute and the residual silanol group, leading to dual retention mechanism. Based on the understanding of retention mechanism, methods were developed to separate metal-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) chelates and crown ethers on cyano bonded phase, the mobile phase being a nonaqueous solvent containing triethylamine (TEA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324785
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