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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungal pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium to reduce the inhibition of methanogenesis by dehydroabietic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 538-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 was tested for its capacity to degrade dehydroabietic acid (DHA). In anaerobic treatment, this molecule is the most recalcitrant member of the resin acid group, which is known to cause operational problems to anaerobic reactors treating pulp and paper industry wastewaters. In this study the effect of DHA on different parameters, such as growth, ligninolytic enzyme activity, extracellular protein production as well as both glycerol and ammonium consumption by the fungus, was determined. Although the above parameters were affected by the addition of DHA, the results show that the fungus could still produce significant titres of ligninolytic enzymes. The fungus removed 47% of the DHA initially present in the static culture, after 10 days of incubation. Anaerobic toxicity assays showed that the treatment of DHA with P. chrysosporium reduced the methanogenesis and acetogenesis inhibition caused by DHA and allowed improved methane production by the anaerobic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An index of weed size for assessing the soil productivity of ancient crop fields (1998)
    Springer
    Vegetation history and archaeobotany 7 (1998), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-6278
    Keywords: Weed ecology ; Crop husbandry ; Soil productivity ; Functional attributes ; CSR strategy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Archaeology , Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method is presented for generating data on archaeological weed species relevant to soil productivity and consequently crop husbandry. Three plant attributes (maximum canopy height, maximum canopy spread and maximum dry leaf weight per node) which are functionally related to habitat productivity were measured for 161 British annual species. These three attributes were combined to produce an index of weed size. Index values were found to differ significantly between character species of phytosociological classes from fertile and infertile habitats and to provide an objective assessment of CSR (Competitor/Stress-tolerator/Ruderal) strategysensu Grime (1974, 1979). Further work is required, however, to distinguish ‘medium-sized’ species that exploit highly disturbed and productive habitats from those of less disturbed and less productive situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01393414
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional interpretation of archaeobotanical data: Making hay in the archaeological record (1999)
    Springer
    Vegetation history and archaeobotany 8 (1999), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-6278
    Keywords: Hay ; Meadow ; Pasture ; Archaeobotany ; Europe ; Farming history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Archaeology , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hay malting and hay meadows have long been of fundamental ecological, economic and social importance in temperate Europe. A variety of archaeological sources suggests that hay making may date back to the Iron Age, but direct archaeobotanical evidence for this practice is problematic. Past grassland communities are imperfectly represented and preserved in archaeobotanical assemblages, and ancient meadow and pasture communities may not resemble present-day communities in terms of management practices or botanical composition. This paper explores the potential of ‘FIBS’ (Functional Interpretation of Botanical Surveys) in the archaeobotanical investigation of ancient grassland management. The botanical composition of present-day grassland communities was analysed in terms of functional attributes (e.g. canopy height) relevant to cutting, grazing and habitat productivity. The utility of these attributes for distinguishing between present-day meadow, pasture and unmanaged grassland communities has been evaluated. Similar analyses were performed on archaeobotanical data from Neolithic to post-Medieval northwestern and central Europe. Functional shifts over time, interpreted in the light of the functional analysis of modern grassland, suggest that hay-making was well established by the Iron Age. Avenues are suggested for the refinement and further development of the FIBS methodology in the archaeobotanical investigation of grassland management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01291778
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obstructions to concordance for thickenings (1968)
    Springer
    Inventiones mathematicae 5 (1968), S. 292-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389778
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General position in the Poincaré duality category (1974)
    Springer
    Inventiones mathematicae 24 (1974), S. 311-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01425564
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron absorption by wheat roots as a function of distance from the root tip (1971)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 34 (1971), S. 697-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The apex of the root has been proposed as the site of maximum nutrient uptake, a view based on the accumulation of some ions in the cells of apical meristem4. In this study, intact roots were grown across a thin agar sheet containing a radioisotope of iron. Uptake was then measured quantitatively by autoradiography of the dried agar once the root had been removed. Uptake patterns were not observed to occur around the roots of plants that had been supplied with sufficient iron. Around the roots of plants showing severe irondeficiency symptoms, patterns consistently showed depletion of iron in the agar starting at 3.5 cm behind the tip and continuing to the point of complete suberization of the endodermis. No uptake was observed around the apical 3.5 cm of the root, although the highest concentrations within the root have centered on the apex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372824
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pastoral fallow on plant root growth and soil physical and chemical characteristics in a hill pasture (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 197 (1997), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: air permeability ; hydraulic conductivity ; pastoral fallow ; root biomass ; soil moisture ; soil nutrient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pastoral fallowing over a growing season (October–May) has a profound effect on standing biomass and sward structure, and should have an impact on below ground plant growth and soil biological activities. Two field studies were conducted to compare the effects of pastoral fallow with rotational grazing on root growth and soil physical and chemical properties. Root growth and distribution was altered by pastoral fallowing and there was significantly (P 〈 0.01) less root biomass at 0–50 mm depth of soil in the fallowed sward than the grazed sward. Compared with the grazed treatment, pastoral fallow increased soil air permeability at 500 mm tension by 38%, saturated hydraulic conductivity by 26%, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 20 mm tension by 67% and soil moisture by 10–15%, and reduced soil bulk density by 11%. Fallowing had little effect on soil nutrients both at the end of fallowing, except for small reductions in K and Mineral N levels at 0–75 mm soil depth, and two to three years after fallowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004249613045
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in condensed tannin concentration of a temperate grass (Holcus lanatus) in relation to season and reproductive development (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1103-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Condensed tannin ; Holcus lanatus ; flowering ; vegetative ; seasonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Holcus lanatus, a temperate grass, was found to contain low but measurable concentrations of condensed tannins (CT), according to the vanillin-HCl and the butanol-HCl methods. The variation in CT concentrations between different types of tissue including leaf age and reproductive versus nonreproductive tissue was examined. There was no evidence that floral tissue contained more CT than nonreproductive tissue. A sequential extraction and analysis procedure showed a decreasing proportion of free-unbound CT and greater preponderance of protein-bound and fiber-bound CT with increasing leaf age and in dead matter. Samples collected from an agricultural pasture on two sampling dates, January 24 and March 5, 1993, showed short-term temporal variation in free-unbound CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratoriumspraxis (1930)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 81 (1930), S. 392-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01362322
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  • 10
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    Functional interpretation of archaeobotanical data: Making hay in the archaeological record (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0939-6314
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-6278
    Topics: Archaeology , Biology
    Published by Springer
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