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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring insecticide resistance with insect pheromones (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1293-1295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pectinophora gossypiella ; pink bollworm moth ; insecticide resistance ; pheromones ; sticky traps ; permethrin ; fenvalerate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel pheromone-baited sticky trap laced with insecticides proved to be a simple and effective means of monitoring insecticide resistance in the pink bollworm moth. Adult males from fields treated frequently with pyrethroid insecticides showed up to 20-fold resistance to permethrin and up to 14.5-fold resistance to fenvalerate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946429
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of preferential pairing in tetraploid x diploid hybridizations (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: 4x ; 2x hybridization ; 2n gametes ; Preferential pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Crosses made between tetraploid and diploid, 2n pollen-producing species directly transfer from one-half to the entire diploid genome from the diploid to the tetraploid level, depending on the mechanism of 2n pollen formation and the amount of crossing-over that occurs. Tetraploid plants that result from tetraploid x diploid hybridizations can be further utilized in a breeding program. It is postulated that preferential pairing between homologous chromosomes derived from the original tetraploid or diploid parent occurs in the tetraploid x diploid hybrid. Depending on the genetic divergence of the species involved, preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes may range from zero to one. Theoretical estimates of the amount of preferential pairing and the standard errors of these estimates are derived for cases where the diploid parent produces 2n gametes by either a first division or a second division restitution mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219440
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the coefficient of double reduction in the cultivated tetraploid potato (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1993), S. 857-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosomal segregation ; Chromatid segregation ; Haploids ; Map distance ; Isozyme loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Theoretical models to estimate the coefficient of double reduction in tetraploid organisms and the standard error of this estimate are derived. Using these models, we were able to estimate the coefficient of double reduction for several loci in tetraploid potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., through examination of segregating isozyme loci in a series of 4x-2x crosses and in haploid progeny derived from six cultivated tetraploid potatoes. Tetraploid x diploid crosses are useful for estimating the frequency of double reduction because of the availability of homozygous diploid tester lines and the large number of tetraploid progeny generated via the functioning of 2n pollen. The strength of haploid analysis is the examination of diploid progeny. However, it is frequently difficult to obtain large numbers of progeny for testing. Based on our results, we conclude that double reduction occurs sporadically in tetraploid potatoes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225029
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to the special issue The regional and urban effects of high-speed trains (1997)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 31 (1997), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. High-speed trains could be used to solve two different accessibility problems. In the first case, where a point to point link is dominant, they are a potential substitute for air travelling. In the second case it links together many cities and, hence, creates a new type of region or corridor with a high interregional accessibility. One important hypothesis for the discussion in this paper is the degree to which cities that are linked together into a band of cities by means of a high-speed train connection are transformed to an extended functional region or in other words an integrated corridor economy. This paper particularly examines economic integration in a corridor economy in the short, medium and long term. In considering the short-term perspective we discuss not only the integration of goods and service markets but also the integration of labour markets and markets for shopping, private services and leisure activities. The discussion of the medium term perspective is concentrated on the relocation of households and firms within a high-speed train corridor. To study the long-term integration effects of a high-speed train corridor we maintain that the analysis must be conducted using a genuinely dynamic model for the specialisation of production and, hence, for trade with and transport of goods and services and consequently transport of people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001680050036
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory and behavioral effects of gossyplure alcohol on sex pheromone response of male pink bollworm moths,Pectinophora gossypiella (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 25-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; pink bollworm ; (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienol ; (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadienol ; pheromone analog ; behavior ; electroantennogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z,Z)- and (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadienol, reported to be pheromone precursors, interfere with the normal sequence of behavioral response of malePectinophora gossypiella to sex pheromone. The magnitude of the interference can be diminished with higher release rates of the sex pheromone. (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienol is more effective than itsZ,E isomer in eliciting the reduction in the behavioral response. Electroantennographic evidence suggests that each alcohol may be interfering more with receptor sites for the conformationally similar pheromone acetate than with receptor sites for the other pheromone isomer. Defining behavioral and physiological effects of pheromone analogs such as the alcohols of gossyplure may help to determine their potential for behavioral manipulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045588
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of sex pheromone of calendula plume mothPlatyptilia williamsii (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 907-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Platyptilia williamsii ; Lepidoptera ; Pterophoridae ; calendula plume moth ; insect pheromones ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; reproductive isolation ; insect behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of the calendula plume moth,Platyptilia williamsii was identified as (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16∶Aid). Extracts of female sex pheromone glands contained several compounds when analyzed by capillary and packed-column GLC. However, airborne collections of volatiles from glands contained only one of these compounds, having the same retention time asZ11–16∶Ald. GC-MS and microozonolysis analyses of the natural product were consistent with those of syntheticZ11–16∶Ald. In a flight tunnel, males oriented upwind and touched sources ofZ11–16∶Ald and gland extract with equal frequency. Field tests of syntheticZ11–16∶Ald already have shown it to be a potent sex attractant for males of this species. This study further supports the hypothesis thatP. williamsii and a sympatric species,Platyptilia carduidactyla, are not reproductively isolated by chemical differences in the composition of the sex pheromone, but rather by temporal differences in sexual activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020169
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpopulational variation in emitted pheromone blend of cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 509-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; 11-dodecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni, from laboratory colonies initiated from three locations across the United States emitted similar quantities and blend ratios of the six known pheromone components. In contrast, females from a long-established laboratory colony emitted a greater proportion of four of the five minor components relative to the major component, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate; only the relative proportion of 11-dodecenyl acetate was similar in all of the populations sampled. Females from this population emitted (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate at a rate similar to that from females from field-collected colonies. Within each population there were highly significant correlations among the quantities of pheromone components of similar molecular weights. Correlations between components of different molecular weights were not as great, but often were significant. Similarities of blend ratios among field populations may indicate that the chemical signal in this species is conservative. The difference of the blend ratios in our laboratory population from the other populations may indicate a decrease in the intensity of selection pressure that usually would maintain these values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of male beetles to grubs: Evidence for evolution of a sex pheromone from larval odor (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1117-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cyclocephala lurida ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; sex pheromone ; chemical communication ; evolution of signals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females of the scarabaeid beetleCyclocephala lurida produce a volatile sex pheromone which attracts conspecific males. Field experiments demonstrated that larvae of both sexes also emit volatile chemicals that stimulate similar responses in adult males, including attempts by the attracted males to mate with the nonreproductive immature stage. Significantly more adult males were caught in traps baited with conspecific male or female larvae or adult females than in blank control traps. Hexane extracts of both male and female grubs were at least as effective as live larvae in trapping male adults, demonstrating that the behavioral responses are mediated by volatile chemicals. Sensory and behavioral responses of males to sex pheromones emitted by adult females are part of the functional communication system. However, their response to grubs is not functional, because grubs are normally temporally and spatially inaccessible to mate-seeking males. In theory, the evolution of a communication system is problematic because it requires the development of a signal in one sex and the sensory and behavioral attributes to respond to that signal in the other sex. The ontogeny of sex pheromone communication inC. lurida suggests a partial solution to this evolutionary problem. We propose that this sex pheromone communication system is probably derived from noncommunicative volatile chemicals that are lost in adult males and retained by adult females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980067
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential for evolution of resistance to pheromones: Interindividual and interpopulational variation in chemical communication system of pink bollworm moth (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1551-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Resistance ; mating disruption ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z,E)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae ; pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; cotton ; pheromone collection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract After an extensive examination of the release rates and blend ratios of pheromonal components emitted by field-collected femalePectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), we find no evidence of resistance to pheromones applied to cotton fields to disrupt mating. Females from fields with 3–5 years of exposure to disruptant pheromones as well as those from fields with only minimal exposure to disruptant pheromones emitted (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at a rate of ca. 0.1 ng/min and (Z,E)7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at ca. 0.06 ng/min. The ratio of pheromonal components was much less variable than the measured emission rate and was centered about a 61:39Z, Z to Z,E ratio. In contrast to the blend ratio emitted by females, the composition of the pheromonal blend used in monitoring populations and disrupting mating is centered about 50:50 Z,Z to Z.E. In general there was a remarkable consistency in the release rate and blend ratio among populations of females throughout southern California and those from a laboratory colony. It would appear that, although resistance to theP. gossypiella pheromone is still a very real possibility when it is used heavily in pest management as a mating disruptant, there are current agricultural practices and conditions which would hinder its development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988424
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of sex pheromone of bristly cutworm,Lacinipolia renigera (Stephens) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2615-2621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lacinipolia renigera ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; bristly cutworm ; insect pheromones ; (itZ)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z, E)-9 ; 12-tetradecadienyl acetate ; bolas spider ; Mastophora hutchinsoni
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of the bristly cutworm moth,Lacinipolia renigera was identified as a blend of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (itZ9–14): Ac and (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZE-9,12–14: Ac). Extracts of female glands were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography on three columns of different polarities. In each analysis, peaks with retention times identical to Z9–14:Ac andZE–9, 12–14: Ac were observed. GC-MS analysis of gland extracts supported the identification of these two compounds. Volatiles emitted from female sex pheromone glands during 10-min collection periods contained 7.8 ±2.01 ng ofZ9- 14: Ac. On average the blend contained 3.8 ± 1.43%ZE-9,12–14: Ac. Blends ranging from 1% to 10%ZE- 9,12–14: Ac in Z9-14: Ac (1 mg) were effective in capturing males in the field. The number of males captured in traps baited with a 3 % blend ofZE- 9,12-14: Ac in Z9-14: Ac was not significantly different than the number caught in traps containing two virgin females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988073
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