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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 156 (1999), S. 303-318 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Borehole seismics, velocity estimation, KTB seismic experiments, vertical receiver array, transmitted wave field, P-to-S conversion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —Within the "Integrated Seismics Oberpfalz 1989 (ISO89)" a three-component Moving Source Profiling (MSP) experiment, also named walk-away VSP, was carried out at the drilling site of the "Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (KTB)" in Germany. Analysis of transmitted waves traveling from the source locations at the surface down to the receiver array in the borehole reveals velocity information about the illuminated part of the subsurface. Complementary to the widely used evaluation of travel-time perturbations to locate velocity inhomogeneities we suggest the use of the directivity of transmitted wave types down in the borehole. To determine the wave-field directivity we focus on transmitted arrivals by employing principles of "Controlled Directional Reception (CDR)." We calculate local slant-stacks for three different depth positions as a function of the source offset, thus obtaining the variation of the vertical slowness (vertical ray parameter) of incident waves along the horizontal source profile and the vertical receiver array. The slowness data combined with travel times are interpreted by forward modeling taking into account geological information of the survey area. Our findings confirm results from gravity measurements which suggest the existence of large amphibolite/metabasite complexes in the vicinity of the borehole. The described method is also used to identify P-to-S converted energy originating from fracture zones above the receiver array and to locate the region in which conversion occurs.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 78 (1989), S. 691-703 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and its predecessor DSDP, collected a unique data set which can be used to verify fundamental hypotheses on the origin and constitution of the oceanic crust. The combination of geophysical surface- and boreholemeasurements with geological and petrological probing requires a multidisciplinary approach. In this respect, the purpose of this paper is to show the possibilities of reflection seismic data to support stratigraphic interpretation. The data used in this investigation come from one of the prime targets of German ODP-research, namely the Moroccan basin offshore NW-Africa. Drill Site 416 and two multichannel seismic profiles were at our disposal. The punctuate information on physical rock properties and logging results at Site 416 were processed to appear comparable with the seismic profiles. Computation of synthetic seismograms using borehole data as input (forward modelling) allowed to associate reflection horizons with geological boundaries. Calculation of pseudo-velocity logs from reflection profiles (inverse modelling), calibrated by the borehole measurements, enables us to extend the local information of the drill site into a wider area. Although reconnaissance surveys within ODP-programs do not produce a data set comparable in quantity and quality with commercial seismic exploration campaigns, they present an excellent opportunity to use quantitative modelling techniques to understand the origin of the seismic record in a specific region and to examine the potential of seismic stratigraphy as an important tool in marine geosciences.
    Abstract: Résumé L' «Ocean Drilling Program» (ODP), comme son prédécesseur le DSDP, a récolté un ensemble unique de renseignements utilisables à la vérification des hypothèses fondamentales relatives à l'origine et à la constitution de la croûte océanique. La combinaison des mesures géophysiques, effectuées en surface et en sondage, avec les données géologiques et pétrologiques exige une approche pluridisciplinaire. A cet égard, l'objet de cette note est de montrer l'apport de la sismique — réflexion dans l'interprétation stratigraphique. Les données utilisées proviennent d'une des premières cibles du programme allemand ODP, à savoir le bassin marocain situé au large du NW de l'Afrique. Nous avons eu à notre disposition le sondage n∘ 416, ainsi que deux profils sismiques multicanaux. Les informations ponctuelles sur les propriétés physiques des roches et les mesures effectuées dans le sondage 416 ont été traitées de manière à être comparables aux profils sismiques. Des séismogrammes synthétiques ont été calculés à partir des mesures faites dans le sondage (modélisation directe), ce qui a permis de corréler les réflecteurs avec les limites géologiques. Le calcul, à partir des profils «réflexion», de logs de pseudo-vitesse (modélisation inverse) calibrés par les mesures faites dans le sondage nous a permis d'étendre les informations locales fournies par le sondage à une aire plus étendue. Bien que les levés de reconnaissance que comporte le programme ODP ne fournissent pas un ensemble de données comparables en qualité et en quantité à celles d'une campagne d'exploration sismique commerciale, ils procurent néanmoins une excellente occasion d'appliquer les techniques de la modélisation quantitative à l'interprétation des enregistrements sismiques et de montrer les possibilités de l'outil important que constitue la stratigraphie sismique dans la géologie sous-marine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ocean Drilling Project (ODP, früher DSDP) liefert einen einmaligen Datensatz, der für die Verifizierung von fundamentalen Hypothesen zur Entstehung und Zusammensetzung der ozeanischen Kruste dienen kann. Die Kombination von geophysikalischen Oberflächenund Bohrlochmessungen erfordert zusammen mit den geologischen und petrologischen Daten einen interdisziplinären Ansatz. In dieser Hinsicht möchte der folgende Artikel die Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, die seismische Daten für die Unterstützung einer stratigraphischen Interpretation bieten. Die Daten dieser Untersuchung stammen aus einem Hauptzielgebiet der deutschen ODP-Forschung, dem marokkanischen Becken westlich der NW-Küste Afrikas. Die DSDP-Bohrlokation 416 und zwei seismische Mehrkanal-Profile standen uns zur Verfügung. Die punktuelle Information über die physikalischen Gesteinseigenschaften und die Ergebnisse der Bohrlochmessungen des Site 416 wurden so bearbeitet, daß sie mit den seismischen Profilen vergleichbar sind. Die Berechnungen von synthetischen Seismogrammen mit den Bohrlochmessungen als Eingangsdaten (Vorwärtsmodellierung) erlaubt die Verbindung von Reflexionshorizonten mit geologischen Grenzen. Die Berechnung von Pseudo-Geschwindigkeitslogs, kalibriert an den Bohrlochmessungen, aus den reflexionsseismischen Profilen (inverses Modellieren), ermöglicht es, die lokale Information des Bohrlochs über einen größeren Bereich um das Bohrloch zu erweitern. Obwohl die Vorerkundungsarbeiten innerhalb des ODP-Projekts Daten erbringen, die in Quantität und Qualität nur eingeschränkt mit denen kommerzieller seismischer Explorationserkundungen vergleichbar sind, stellen sie eine hervorragende Möglichkeit zur Anwendung von quantitativen Modellierungstechniken dar, die zur Interpretation der Seismogramme der untersuchten Region beitragen und die Leistungsfähigkeit der seismischen Stratigraphie als ein wichtiges Werkzeug in den marinen Geowissenschaften zeigen.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-05-14
    Description: We investigate microseismic activity at the convergent plate boundary of the Hellenic subduction zone on- and offshore south-eastern Crete with unprecedented precision using recordings from an amphibian seismic network. The network configuration consisted of up to eight ocean bottom seismometers as well as five temporary short-period and six permanent broadband stations on Crete and surrounding islands. More than 2,500 local and regional events with magnitudes up to ML = 4.5 were recorded during the time period July 2003-June 2004. The magnitude of completeness varies between 1.5 on Crete and adjacent areas and increases to 2.5 in the vicinity of the Strabo trench 100 km south of Crete. Tests with different localization schemes and velocity models showed that the best results were obtained from a probabilistic earthquake localization using a 1-D velocity model and corresponding station corrections obtained by simultaneous inversion. Most of the seismic activity is located offshore of central and eastern Crete and interpreted to be associated with the intracrustal graben system (Ptolemy and Pliny trenches). Furthermore, a significant portion of events represents interplate seismicity along the NNE-ward dipping plate interface. The concentration of seismicity along the Ptolemy and Pliny trenches extends from shallow depths down to the plate interface and indicates active movement. We propose that both trenches form transtensional structures within the Aegean plate. The Aegean continental crust between these two trenches is interpreted as a forearc sliver as it exhibits only low microseismic activity during the observation period and little or no internal deformation. Interplate seismicity between the Aegean and African plates forms a 100-km wide zone along dip from the Strabo trench in the south to the southern shore-line of Crete in the north. The seismicity at the plate contact is randomly distributed and no indications for locked zones were observed. The plate contact below and north of Crete shows no microseismic activity and seems to be decoupled. The crustal seismicity of the Aegean plate in this area is generally confined to the upper 20 km in agreement with the idea of a ductile deformation of the lower crust caused by a rapid return flow of metamorphic rocks that spread out below the forearc. In the region of the Messara half-graben at the south coast of central Crete, a southward dipping seismogenic structure is found that coalesces with the seismicity of the Ptolemy trench at a depth of about 20 km. The accretionary prism south of Crete indicated by the Mediterranean Ridge showed no seismic activity during the observation period and seems to be deforming aseismically. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    Print ISSN: 1383-4649
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-157X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1989-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0033-4553
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9136
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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