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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gill symbiont of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus is a psychrophilic, chemoautotrophic, sulfur bacterium (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 121 (1995), S. 487-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Certain hydrothermal vent invertebrates, e.g. Riftia pachyptila and Calyptogena magnifica, are clearly established as harboring dense populations of chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria in specialized tissues. By contrast, the physiological characteristics of the abundant intracellular gill symbiont of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus have been questioned. The low activities of enzymes diagnostic for CO2 fixation (Calvin cycle) and for sulfur-driven energy generation, as measured by other investigators, have been attributed to bacterial contamination of the gill surface. Based on research at the Galápagos Rift hydrothermal vents in 1988 and subsequent laboratory experiments, the current study confirms that the B. thermophilus symbiont is a psychrophile for which thiosulfate and sulfide stimulate CO2 fixation. It strongly indicates that the symbiont is a chemoautotroph by establishing the following: (1) Sulfide and thiosulfate can stimulate CO2 fixation by partially purified symbionts by up to 43-fold and 120-fold, respectively; (2) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity of the symbiont is sufficient to account for its sulfide- or thiosulfate-stimulated CO2 incorporation; (3) the symbiont's molar growth yield on thiosulfate, as judged by CO2 incorporation, is indistinguishable from that of free-living chemoautotrophs. Due to the high protein-degrading activity of B. thermophilus gill lysate, it is also suggested that host lysis of symbionts plays a more important role in the nutrition of the vent mussel than in R. pachyptila or C. magnifica, for which no comparable protein-degrading activity was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349457
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional response ofCurinus coeruleus (Col.: Coccinellidae) toHeteropsylla cubana (Hom.: Psyllidae) on artificial and natural substrates (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 555-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Functional response ; Curinus coeruleus ; Heteropsylla cubana ; Leucaena leucocephala ; biological control ; host-plant resistance ; Réponse fonctionnelle ; Curinus coeruleus ; Heteropsylla cubana ; Leucaena leucocephala ; lutte biologique ; variétés résistantes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des résultats obtenus en laboratoire sur la réponse fonctionnelle des adultes deCurinus coeruleus (Mulsant) aux nymphes deHeteropsylla cubana Crawford sur des substrats differents ont révété un effet significatif du substrat sur l'ingestion des nymphes à différents densités. Les substrats utilisés étaient composés de matière foliaire deLeucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit d'espèces apparentées en plus d'un substrat de papier comme témoin. Les résultats obtenus pourraient être utiles en ce qui concerne des projets intégrant lutte biologique et sélection de variétés résistantes.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory measurements of the functional response of adultCurinus coeruleus (Mulsant) to nymphs ofHeteropsylla cubana Crawford on filter paper and on leaves of different host plants showed a significant effect of these different substrates on nymph consumption at several different densities. Moreover, this effect may be explained by the influence of the substrate on the search rate of the predator. Host plants tested includedLeucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Witt,L. diversifolia (Schlecht.) Benth. andL. pallida Britton and Rose. Results obtained may be relevant to plant-protection research programs involving the integration of biological control with host-plant resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predation byIridomyrmex humilis [Hym.: Formicidae] on eggs ofChrysoperla carnea [Neu.: Chrysopidae] released for inundative control ofIllinoia liriodendri [Hom.: Aphididae] infestingLiriodendron tulipifera (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 397-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; Chrysoperla carnea ; Illinoia liriodendri ; inundative release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but de limiter les populations du puceron du tulipierIllinoia liriodendri (Monell), 4 lâchers d'environ 2.000 œufs de provenance commerciale deChrysoperla carnea (Stephens) ont été réalisés au cours du printemps 1984 sur 8 tulipiersLiriodendron tulipifera L., à Berkeley en Californie. cannibalism by emerged larvae, and inadequate release technology. Sur les arbres visités par la fourmi d'ArgentineIridomyrmex humilis (Mayr), 98% des œufs deC. carnea ont été enlevés du support artificiel par les fourmis. Sur les arbres exempts de fourmis, la mortalité de 50% des larves est due au cannibalisme ou à leur engluement sur le support de lâcher. A partir de 8.000 œufs déposés sur chaque arbre sans fourmi, on aboutit à environ 625 larves de 1er stade susceptibles de rechercher des pucerons. Les lâchers inondatifs deC. carnea n'ont pas limité les populations d'I. liriodendri. Les raisons en sont: la consommation par les fourmis, une faible viabilité de la plus grande partie des œufs commercialisés (0–73% d'éclosions), une technique inadaptée pour le lâcher des œufs et le cannibalisme par les larves elles-mêmes deC. carnea.
    Notes: Abstract In an effort to suppress the tuliptree aphidIllinoia liriodendri (Monell), approximately 2,000 eggs ofChrysoperla carnea (Stephens) from a commercial insectary were released 4 times on each of 8 tuliptreesLiriodendron tulipifera L. in Berkeley, California, during the spring of 1984. On trees foraged by the Argentine antIridomyrmex humilis (Mayr), 98% of the eggs ofC. carnea were removed from the egg release tapes by the ants. A total of about 1,250 larvae per tree eclosed from the 8,000 eggs released on each tree without ants. Fifty percent of the larvae that did eclose died due to cannibalism or entrapment in the sticky egg release tapes and approximately 625 first instar larvae on each tree were free to forage for aphids. Inundative lacewing releases ofC. carnea did not suppress populations ofI. liriodendri due to ant predation, the low viability of commercial eggs (0–73% eclosion),
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373157
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Egg production by the coccinellid Hippodamia convergens fed on two morphs of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: lady beetles ; Coccinellidae ; Hippodamia convergens ; egg production ; aphid morphs ; virginoparae ; gynoparae ; green peach aphids ; Myzus persicae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Eiproduktion des Marienkäfers Hippodamia convergens, welcher hierzu Blattläuse als Nahrung benötigt, wurde bei Fütterung mit zwei verschiedenen Morphen der Blattlaus Myzus persicae untersucht. Der Verzehr derselben Menge flügelloser Virginoparen führte im Vergleich zu geflügelten Gynoparen zu früherer und signifikant erhöhter Eiabgabe. Der hormonale und ernährungsphysiologische Hintergrund und die ökologische Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Adults of the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville requiring aphids for egg production, were fed suboptimal amounts of apteriform virginoparous larvae or alatiform gynoparous larvae of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.), and artificial diet ad lib. The beetles initiated oviposition sooner and deposited significantly more eggs when supplied with the same weight of apterous virginoparous morph. The possible nutritional, hormonal, and ecological implications of the findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367629
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of larval dietary supply on the food consumption, food utilization efficiency, growth and development of the lacewingChrysoperla carnea (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 67 (1993), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Chrysoperla carnea ; food consumption ; growth ; development ; efficiency of food utilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the common green lacewing,Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), were fed either an optimal or a suboptimal number of eggs of the mothAnagasta kuehniella (Zeller) in the first and/or second larval instar, or in all three larval instars. Parameters for the duration, growth, and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body substance (ECI) of each instar were established for seven different dietary regimes. Larvae that had a suboptimal food supply in the first instar had a significantly longer developmental time, gained significantly less weight, and had a slightly lower ECI in that instar larvae. Suboptimally-fed second less, but remained only slightly longer in that instar and had a similar ECI to optimally-fed second instar larvae. The developmental time of suboptimally-fed third instar larvae was similar to that of optimally-fed larvae of that stage. Whereas the growth of the former was significantly less than that of larvae optimally fed in that instar, the ECI of the former was significantly higher. Despite the relatively smaller size of larvae fed suboptimally in the first and/or second instar, when such larvae were subsequently supplied with an overabundance of prey eggs, they consumed approximately the same number of eggs during the remainder of their larval life as did larvae whose food supply had not been restricted previously. When larvae were allowed to consume different numbers of eggs in their third instar, their gain in weight and therefore the weights attained by the resulting adults (based on the weights of 3-day-old cocoons) had a highly significant positive correlation with the number of eggs consumed in this instar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382710
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of larval food consumption on the fecundity of the lacewingChrysoperla carnea (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 67 (1993), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Neuroptera ; common green lacewing ; nutrition ; development ; fecundity ; inbreeding ; mass rearing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of food consumption on larval growth and development and adult fecundity of the common green lacewing,Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), were studied on two populations of larvae derived from either a laboratory colony or from field-collected adults. The number of eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth,Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), provided to individual lacewing larvae was varied to produce three food-supply treatments: low, intermediate, and high. Food-supply was found to influence larval growth and development and adult fecundity. Lacewing larvae provided with an overabundance of moth eggs developed faster than larvae provided with fewer moth eggs than they could have consumed. Adult females that developed from the high feeding treatment had a substantially shorter preoviposition period, a later decline in egg deposition, and a significantly higher fecundity than adults arising from the other feeding classes. Unrestricted feeding by adult lacewings on an artificial diet did not compensate for prior low feeding regimes. The overall performance of the lacewings derived from the laboratory colony was substantially poorer than that of the lacewings derived from field-collected adults. This effect was accentuated when the larvae were given a low food-supply. This overall decrease in vigor is attributed to inbreeding of the laboratory culture over a one year period. These finds are relevant to mass rearing programs for this biological control agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382711
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearing of Hippodamia convergens on artificial diet of chicken liver, yeast and sucrose (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 59 (1991), S. 197-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hippodamia convergens ; Coccinellidae ; artificial diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351965
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 673-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; biological control ; pest management ; parasitoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A kairomone from adultHeliothis zea (Boddie) scales is an important factor in the host selection process ofTrichogrammapretiosum Riley. If the host density is sufficiently high (i.e., 1 egg/500 cm2) and higher), a complete coverage or solid treatment of kairomone spray may be the optimum for increasing parasitization rates, but this is not the case at lower host densities (e.g., 1 egg/2000 cm2). At the lower densities, the kairomone must be distributed in such a way as to retain the parasitoids in the target area without inhibiting their movement from one ovi-position site to the next. Simulated moth scale particles appear to fill this need since their density can be regulated to provide the optimum frequency of parasitoid stimulation and thus maximum rates of parasitization at prevailing host densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986552
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chrysopa carnea ; Heliothis zea ; kairomones ; predators ; biological control ; entomophagy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is presented that demonstrates the presence of kairomones for larvae ofChrysopa carnea Stephens in materials associated with egg deposition by femaleHeliothis zea (Boddie). These kairomones are involved in prey finding and/or acceptance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989071
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  • 10
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    The gill symbiont of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus is a psychrophilic, chemoautotrophic, sulfur bacterium (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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