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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of indomethacin from two multiple-units controlled-release formulations (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: indomethacin ; bioavailability ; plasma concentrations ; dissolution ; enteric-coated ; pellets ; controlled release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two multiple-units controlled-release indomethacin capsule formulations containing enteric-coated pellets were bioequivalent to a standard capsule formulation (taken as the reference) in respect of extent of bioavailability in a crossover study with normal human subjects. However, drug absorption from the enteric-coated pellet formulations was slower, when compared to that from the standard reference capsule. The standard reference capsule released 85% of its drug content in vitro during 10 min at pH 6.5 and 98% during 1 h at pH 7.5. One enteric-coated pellet capsule formulation (I) released 77% during 1 h at pH 6.5 and the other (II) released 10% during 1 h at pH 6.5. Release of drug from each capsule of enteric-coated pellets was complete during 1 h at pH 7.5. Although differences in areas under the plasma indomethacin concentration-time curves were not significantly different, the peak plasma levels and the times of their occurrence indicated that the absorption rates of indomethacin decreased in the order, reference formulation 〉 pellet formulation I 〉 pellet formulation II, which was the same rank order as that of their dissolution rates in vitro. The data indicated that multiple units controlled-release formulations represent a reliable and reproducible source of indomethacin, which by avoiding extremes of local or systemic drug concentrations also should be better tolerated by individuals susceptible to unwanted gastrointestinal and centrally-mediated side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correspondence of environmental tolerances with leaf and branch attributes for six co-occurring species of broadleaf evergreen trees in northern California (1997)
    Springer
    Trees 11 (1997), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Branch architecture ; Leaf anatomy ; Leaf longevity ; Leaf specific weight ; Tree morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  For the angiosperm dominants of northern California’s mixed evergreen forests, this study compares the display of photosynthetic tissue within leaves and along branches, and examines the correspondence between these morphological attributes and the known environmental tolerances of these species. Measurements were made on both sun and shade saplings of six species: Arbutus m e n z i e s i i (Ericaceae), C h r y s o l e p i s c h r y s o p h y l l a (Fagaceae), L i t h o c a r p u s d e n s i f l o r u s (Fagaceae), Quercus c h r y s o l e p i s (Fagaceae), Quercus w i s l i z e n i i (Fagaceae), and Umbellularia c a l i f o r n i c a (Lauraceae). All species had sclerophyllous leaves with thick epidermal walls, but species differed in leaf specific weight, thickness of mesophyll tissues and in the presence of a hypodermis, crystals, secretory idioblasts, epicuticular deposits, and trichomes. The leaves of Arbutus were 2 – 5 times larger than those of C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s and Umbellularia and 4 – 10 times larger than those of both Quercus species. Together with differences in branch architecture, these leaf traits divide the species into groups corresponding to environmental tolerances. Shade-tolerant C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia had longer leaf lifespans and less palisade tissue, leaf area, and crown mass per volume than the intermediate to intolerant Arbutus and Quercus. Having smaller leaves, Quercus branches had more branch mass per leaf area and per palisade volume than other species, whereas Arbutus had less than other species. These differences in display of photosynthetic tissue should contribute to greater growth for Quercus relative to the other species under high light and limited water, for Arbutus under high light and water availability, and for C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia under limiting light levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050073
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic measurements of stress fields and microstructure (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: stress fields ; microstructure ; J integral ; stress intensity factor ; harness acoustic velocity ; acoustic elasticity ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A very precise system for measuring two-dimensional velocity fields in solid samples has been used for nondestructive measurements of both externally applied and residual inhomogeneous stresses in solids,J integrals, stress intensity factors of cracks, and hardness of quenched steel. The longitudinal velocity measurement is based on precise determination of the propagation transit time through the stressed solid specimen using a small diameter, water-coupled acoutic transducer, which is scanned mechanically over the sample. Changes in velocity are then related to changes of stress in the sample by the theory of acoustoelasticity. Similar measurements show a high degree of correlation between longitudinal velocity changes and changes in microstructure in steel samples. Applications to problems of solid mechanics and material science illustrate the utility of this nondestructive measuring technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Byssus drifting and the drifting threads of the young post-larval mussel Mytilus edulis (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 84 (1985), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The long, drifting threads secreted by young post-larval mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) are simple monofilaments, distinct in form and function from the attachment byssus threads. The diameters of both thread types are in the micron or sub-micron range but, whereas the attachment threads are of restricted length and terminate in an attachment plaque, drifting threads exceed the post-larva in length by more than two orders in magnitude and are without plaques or any other structures. Transmission electron micrographs of drifting threads show no evidence of internal sub-structure. In contrast, attachment threads appear to be made up of filaments. These studies confirm that the drifting threads are highly effective in enhancing the dispersal of young mussels. The terminal sinking velocity of young drifters is typically ca. 1 mm s-1. At this velocity the suspension range above the sea bed, assuming given values of vertical diffusivity, is estimated to be 0.5 to 5 m. Calculations of the fluid drag experienced by post-larvae in the water column show that the theoretical viscous drag force on the thread is sufficient to account for the reduced sinking rate of drifters. The calculated contribution of the thread to the total drag is approximately one order of magnitude greater than that of the post-larval body. A rapid thread-deployment strategy, shown by post-larvae which are brought into suspension, may prolong each drifting excursion and thus further enhance dispersal in turbulent marine environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392500
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconsidering the functions of latex (1994)
    Springer
    Trees 9 (1994), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Antidote to ozone toxicity ; Carbon sink ; Food and moisture storage ; Isoprene ; Latex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Enormous quantities of latex are found in over 40 plant families on a worldwide basis. Despite the proportions involved, the role of this substance within plants is still a matter of conjecture. Latex is closely associated with isoprene which may be emitted as a gas from both plants (that may or may not contain latex) and animals. The volume of isoprene expelled into the atmosphere each year is approximately equal to that of total methane emissions. The latter (but not the former), a known “greenhouse gas”, is the subject of considerable concern. It appears reasonable, therefore, that efforts be made to examine more thoroughly the formation and function of latex and associated compounds in order to obtain a better understanding of a number of critical biological and environmental phenomena known to be associated with these phytochemicals. Possible roles played by these substances in both plants and their surrounding environment are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197862
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NanoLaser/Microfluidic BioChip for Realtime Tumor Pathology (1999)
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 2 (1999), S. 111-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: tumor pathology semiconductor microfabrication microfluidics nanolasers ; nanotechnology cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Through recent interdisciplinary scientific research, modern medicine has significantly advanced the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, little progress has been made in reducing the death rate due to cancer, which remains the leading cause of death in much of the world. Pathologists routinely rely on microscopic examination of cell morphology using methods that originated over a hundred years ago. These staining methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and frequently in error. New micro-analytical methods1 (JBM, 1998; Harrison et al., 1993; Ramsey et al., 1995; Mauro Ferrari, Lynn Jelinski, 1994; Anderson et al., 1996; Carlson et al., 1996) for high speed (real time) automated screening of tissues and cells are critical to advancing pathology and hold the potential for improving diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. By teaming experts in semiconductor physics, microfabrication, surface chemistry, film synthesis, and fluid mechanics with microbiologists and medical doctors, we are investigating nanostructured biochips to assess the condition of tumor cells by quantifying total protein content. This technique has the potential to quickly identify a cell population that has begun rapid protein synthesis and mitosis, characteristic of tumor cell proliferation. By incorporating microfluidic flow of cells inside the laser microcavity for the first time, we have enabled high throughput screening of cells in their native state, without need of chemical staining, in a sensitive nanodevice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009945603841
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benthic algal response to N and P enrichment along a pH gradient (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 179 (1989), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: benthic algae ; nutrients ; pH ; community structure ; cell size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient enrichment and its effect on benthic algal growth, community composition, and average cell size was assessed across two sites of differing pH within a single habitat. Nutrients were added using in situ substrata, which released either N, P, or no additional nutrients (controls) at each site for 21 days. Upon collection, chlorophyll and biovolume standing stocks of the attached algal microflora were measured. Chlorophyll concentration was different among all treatments, accumulating greatest on P, followed by N, and the least on C substrata (P 〈 0.001) and was highest at site-2 (P 〈 0.001), while total algal biovolume was highest on P compared to both N and C substrata (P 〈 0.05) and did not vary between sites. Increased growth on P substrata was due to the enhanced biovolume of filamentous green algae, although the affected taxa varied between sites. Biovolume to cell density ratios (as a measure of average cell size) were highest on P substrata over both N-enriched and control substrata (P 〈 0.05) and this pattern was similar between sites. Progression towards a community composed of larger cells following P enrichment observed along this pH gradient, seems to be related to the dominance of larger celled filamentous green algae. Thus, nutrients exhibited greater control on benthic algal growth than did changes in hydrogen ion concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007599
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computation of scattering from a class of bodies of unrestricted size (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 4 (1970), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Summary A method is presented for computing the scattering from any size of totally reflecting body by the inversion of one finite matrix, provided that the shape of the body can be derived by inwardly deforming a finite part of a body from which the scattering is known explicitly. Only the size of the deformed surface is limited by available computational facilities. The method, which is applicable to acoustic and electromagnetic scattering problems, is illustrated by applying it to a deformed infinite wedge for both electric polarization (Dirichlet problem: sound-soft boundary in acoustics), and magnetic polarization (Neumann problem: sound-hard boundary in acoustics). Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the convergence of the computations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535084
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D on antigen presenting cells infected with vaccinia recombinants and protective immunity (1988)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 8 (1988), S. 323-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: glycoprotein ; herpes simplex ; vaccinia ; virus ; recombinant ; immunity ; protection ; antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of the temporal regulation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 glycoprotein D (gD-1) expression in Ia+ epidermal cells (EC) and macrophages on virus specific immunity and protection from HSV-2 challenge. gD-1 was expressed on the surface of cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant containing gD-1 under the control of an early vaccinia virus promoter (VP176). It was not expressed in cells infected with a recombinant (VP254) in which gD-1 is controlled by a late vaccinia virus promoter. BALB/c mice immunized with both recombinants seroconverted to HSV-2 as determined by neutralization. However, HSV specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were significantly (p〈0.025) higher in VP176 than VP254 immunized animals. Both VP176 and VP254 immunized mice were protected from severe neurological disease due to HSV-2 challenge at 14 days post immunization, but long term protection was observed only in VP176 immunized mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115223
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of physiological signal contamination using linear filter identification (1983)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 21 (1983), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Linear dynamic filter ; Signal contamination ; System identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442645
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