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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies on the metabolism of shallow-water and deep-sea marine fishes. II. Red-muscle metabolism in shallow-water fishes (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 15 (1972), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maximal rates of oxygen consumption in vitro have been measured under standardized conditions at three test temperatures (5°, 15°, 25°C) on minced preparations of red muscle from 10 species of shallow-water marine teleost fishes. These fishes came from three different geographic areas, two with cool average water temperatures (near 15°C: coastal southern California, Galápagos Islands) and one with warm average water temperatures (near 25°C: Hawaiian Islands). The group is made up of post-juvenile or adult epipelagic fishes, which are moderately or very active in terms of their locomotor activities. A large part of the range of phylogenetic diversity among the teleosts is represented, as is the body weight range from a few grams to several kilograms. The purpose of the work is to provide part of a set of tissue-metabolism data on shallow-water fishes for future comparison with similar results from deep-sea species. Of 8 complete curves for oxygen uptake rate versus temperature (R-T curves), 6 are normal in shape (Q10≧1.5), 1 is normal but with a low Q10, and 1 is partly flat, partly normal. The differences between the species in terms of both absolute positions and slopes of the R-T curves are not related in any consistent way to any of the three testable variables: phylogenetic position, long-term adaptation temperature, and body size. The red muscles of a variety of adult epipelagic fishes, at ecologically realistic temperatures, are shown to be exceptions to the general rule that tissues of ectothermous lower vertebrates have lower metabolic rates than comparable tissues of non-torpid endothermous higher vertebrates. This circumstance probably is a major factor in the great capacities for sustained high-speed swimming shown by most epipelagic fishes. Other physiological and ecological implications of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383554
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies on the metabolism of shallow-water and deep-sea marine fishes. I. White-muscle metabolism in shallow-water fishes (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 13 (1972), S. 222-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maximal rates of oxygen consumption in vitro have been measured under standardized conditions at three test temperatures (5°, 15°, and 25°C) on minced preparations of white muscle from 39 species of shallow-water marine teleost fishes. These fishes came from four different geographic areas, two with cool average water-temperatures (near 15°C: coastal southern California, Galápagos Islands) and two with warm average water-temperatures (near 25°C: Hawaiian Islands; Bermuda). The group includes species covering much of the range of variation to be found among the teleosts with respect to five additional variables: phylogenetic position, type of environment, body weight, activity level, and growth stage. The purpose of the work is to provide part of a base line of tissue-metabolism data on shallow-water fishes for comparison with similar results from deep-sea species. Major conclusions from statistical analyses of the results are: four groups of shapes of oxygen-uptake rate versus temperature curves exist: normal, flat, dipped and peaked. Over 50% of curves are normal. Intra-group differences, contributing significantly to the total variance of the results at given test temperatures, are: cool versus warm average environmental temperatures primarily for epipelagic species; epipelagic versus non-epipelagic environments; very active species versus all others; juvenile stages versus adults. In each case, the subgroup first mentioned shows higher muscle oxygen-uptake rates than the other subgroup. Variables not contributing significantly to the total variance are phylogenetic position and body weight. Physiological and ecological implications of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391380
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies on the metabolism of shallow-water and deep-sea marine fishes. III. Apparatus for studies of tissue preparations under high hydrostatic pressures (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 28 (1974), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Design information is given for hydrostatic-pressure apparatus permitting either intermittent or continuous monitoring of the rates of nonoptically observable biochemical and physiological processes in the fluids supporting surviving preparations of living tissues or tissue fractions. Semi-micro scale experiments can be carried out over the full range of temperatures and hydrostatic pressures occurring in the oceans of the world. Samples are obtained at 1 atm pressure, whatever the experimental pressure. The apparatus is simple to use, safe, reliable, and readily portable for work on shipboard. Specially designed components described in detail are: magnetically stirred pressure vessels, sampling valves, and magnetic stirrer drive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies on the metabolism of shallow-water and deep-sea marine fishes. IV. Patterns of aerobic metabolism in the mesopelagic deep-sea fangtooth fish Anoplogaster cornuta (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 35 (1976), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements have been made of oxygen consumption rates $$\dot v$$ O2 of 10 specimens of the mesopelagic deep-sea fangtooth fish Anoplogaster cornuta. Determinations were made at 1 atm pressure, at temperatures of 3°, 7°, and 10°C, at dissolved oxygen concentrations ranging from near saturation to zero, with the fish swimming at low, controlled speeds. Weight-specific $$\dot v$$ O2 were uniformly low. They showed Q10's of 2.5 and 1.3, respectively, in the temperature ranges 3° to 7°C, and 7° to 10°C, at dissolved oxygen concentrations above 2 ml (standard temperature and presusure, STP)/1. Measurable $$\dot v$$ O2 continued in these fish at dissolved oxygen concentrations down to the lowest levels detectable with our instruments. At 7°C the average critical oxygen tension (P c ) for the entire group was near 35 mm Hg. However, there is a statistically significant positive slope to the regression line relating $$\dot v$$ O2 to P c for individual fish. The physiological and ecological significance of these results is discussed, particularly with reference to thermal effects and to the basis for survival by A. cornuta in the oxygen minimum layers of the eastern Pacific Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396876
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies on the metabolism of shallow-water and deep-sea marine fishes. V. Effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on oxygen consumption in the mesopelagic zoarcid Melanostigma pammelas (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 50 (1979), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements have been made of routine oxygen consumption rates ( $$\dot \nu _{O2}$$ ) of the mesopelagic deep-sea zoarcid fish Melanostigma pammelas. Determinations were made over ecologically relevant ranges of 3 variables; temperature (3° to 10°C), hydrostatic pressure (1 to 170 atm), and oxygen partial pressure (1 to 160 mm Hg). Weight-specific $$\dot \nu _{O2}$$ ′s were uniformly low. Of the 3 test variables, only temperature had significant metabolic effects within the ranges studied. Q10's were 6.75 between 3° and 5°C. 1.47 between 5° and 7°C, and 17.4 between 7° and 10°C. These Q10's were constant over the hydrostatic pressure range studied. Between 3° and 7°C the fish regulated their rates of oxygen consumption down to PO2's comparable to those occurring in their natural environments (6 to 12 mm Hg). The showed no capacity to tolerate anoxic conditions. The physiological and ecological significance of these results is discussed, particularly with reference to thermal effects and to the basis of survival of this fish in the oxygen minimum layers of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Since it is possible to maintain M. pammelas in the laboratory for extended periods of time (over 12 months) it could serve as the basis for many interesting studies of deep-sea fish biology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Tauberian theorem (1962)
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 79 (1962), S. 116-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploratory observations on microhabitat selection within the intertidal zone by the Chinese mudskipper fish Periophthalmus cantonensis (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 85 (1985), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The amphibious Chinese mudskipper fish Periophthalmus cantonensis liver in complex, variable, tropical intertidal mangrove forest and mudlfat habitats. Within these macrohabitats, an array of microhabitats are available to this species which spends most of its time out of water. It is subjected to, and tolerates, wide ranges of salinity and temperature. It is primarily diurnally active and uses dark, usually water-filled burrows in the mud as refuges and breeding places. Individuals of P. cantonensis were captured at night from intertidal mudflats of mangrove forests in the northeastern New Territories, Hong Kong in 1971 and 1972. Using choice experiments in the laboratory, we determined behavioural preferences of this fish for five combinations of abiotic environmental variables relevant to its selections of microhabitats. P. cantonensis usually preferred being out of water, resting on damp mud, to being in direct contact with water of any salinity. In salinity-choice experiments it showed no preference for any particular salinity, but avoided exposure to fresh water. Offered choices between various water temperatures it displayed a strong preference for higher temperatures (30° to 35°C), even though these temperatures were close to those known to cause distress or death. In light-dark choice experiments in very shallow water P. cantonensis preferred darkness to light. Experiments combining watertemperature differences with light-dark choices showed that these two factors interact in complex ways. We discuss implications of these results for understanding of behavioural selection of microhabitats by this fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397439
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phylogenetic distribution of tubulin:Tyrosine ligase (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 13 (1979), S. 233-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Tubulin:tyrosine ligase ; Microtubules ; Cytoskeleton ; Tubulin post-translational modification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The post-translational addition of tyrosine toa-tubulin, catalyzed by tubulin:tyrosine ligase, has been previously reported in mammals and birds. The present study demonstrated that significant ligase activity was present in representative organisms from several other major vertebrate classes (chondrichthyes through reptiles) and that both substrate and enzyme from all vertebrates investigated were compatible with mammalian ligase and tubulin in the tyrosination reaction. None of the invertebrate tissues examined showed incorporation of tyrosine, phenylalanine or dihydroxyphenylalanine intoa tubulin under conditions allowing significant incorporation of these compounds in vertebrate supernatant samples. The failure of invertebrate tubulin to incorporate tyrosine in vitro did not appear to be due to saturation of the carboxyl terminal position with tyrosine or the presence of a soluble inhibitor of ligase activity. Although tubulin amino acid composition has been highly conserved throughout evolution, a major evolutionary divergence is described based upon biochemical differences whereby invertebrate tubulin cannot be tyrosinated or posttranslationally modified with phenylalanine or dihydroxyphenylalanine under conditions suitable for the incorporation of these compounds by vertebratea tubulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739482
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Semiempirical Transition State Structure for the First Step in the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Cocaine. Comparison between the Transition State Structure, the Phosphonate Monoester Transition State Analog, and a Newly Designed Thiophosphonate Transition State Analog (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 2 (1996), S. 62-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Electrostatic potential ; Ester hydrolysis ; Molecular orbital calculations ; Transition state ; Catalytic antibodies ; Transition state analogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations have been performed for the first step in the alkaline hydrolysis of the neutral benzoylester of cocaine. Successes, failures, and limitations of these calculations are reviewed. A PM3 calculated transition state structure is compared with the PM3 calculated structure for the hapten used to induce catalytic antibodies for the hydrolysis of cocaine. Implications of these calculations for the computer–aided design of transition state analogs for the induction of catalytic antibodies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0089460020062
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The theory and practice of distance geometry (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 665-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The mathematics of distance geometry constitutes the basis of a group of algorithms for revealing the structural consequences of diverse forms of information about a macromolecule's conformation. These algorithms are of proven utility in the analysis of experimental conformational data. This paper presents the basic theorems of distance geometry in Euclidean space and gives formal proofs of the correctness and, where possible, of the complexity of these algorithms. The implications of distance geometry for the energy minimization of macromolecules are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460044
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