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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1989), S. 377-389 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Contralateral and ipsilateral responses from deep layers of the rostral neuropil of the optic tectum ofRana esculenta were recorded extracellularly and quantitatively analyzed. Effects of the velocity and diameter of the stimulus on the neuronal response (measured as the mean firing frequency,¯R) were mainly tested in this work. 1. Among the population of changing contrast or event ganglion cells, R3-like units (with a weak response to background off-on stimulation) were defined in addition to typical R3 ganglion cells. 2. A power function relatingRR and the stimulus velocity was established in all units (RR =k vv α), withα=0.80–1.07 andk=2.1–9.5 for R3 units,α=0.55–0.77 andk=5.8–15.2 for R3-like units, andα=0.80–1.16 andk=1.3–5.1 for ipsilateral I2 units. 3. The area function was expressed by a logarithmic function. In all classes the maximal response was obtained with 4.4°–7.5° targets, independent of the test velocity. 4. Both the velocity and the diameter of the stimulus influenced the value of the dynamic receptive field diameter. 5. Finally, results show that qualitative and quantitative properties of I2 units are similar to those of R3 ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1985), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Receptive field (RF) properties of binocular neurons lying in the rostral part of the optic tectum of the frog (Rana esculenta) were studied electrophysiologically using conventional visual stimuli. They were classified into five groups: group 1 neurons have indefinite RF; group 2 neurons are total-field (T6) neurons; group 3 neurons have RFs covering a quadrant of the frontal visual field; group 4 neurons resemble T 1(1) and T 1(3) subclasses described earlier; and finally group 5 neurons look like small-field binocular neurons and are called T7(B). Moreover, RF disparity measurements conducted in all groups suggest that group 4 neurons support the estimation of binocular distance. This problem is discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1988), S. 435-441 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topography and receptive field properties of the retino-tectal projections ofDiscoglossus pictus were studied electrophysiologically for the first time. The spatial extent and tectal topography of the visual field resemble closelyRana. However, despite the presence of ‘event’ retinal cells, only one class of ‘sustained’ retinal cell was found. Nevertheless, receptive field properties and their velocity function suggest thatDiscoglossus retinal cells may be correlated with the classical R3 and the recently described mixed-sustained types inRana (Gaillard and Garcia 1986).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1988), S. 443-451 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ipsilateral retino-tecto-tectal (IRTT) units were recorded extracellularly in the rostral optic tectum of the frog (Rana esculenta). The activity of 79 superficial units (II type) was quantified in response to black disks of various sizes, moved vertically at various angular velocities and against a white background. The contrast ¦C¦ was constant during the experiments. Neuronal activity was analysed by two methods, yielding identical results: (1) I1 units responded transiently to moving and movement gated stationary stimuli; these units did not seem to be directionally sensitive nor responsive to changes in background illumination. Fifty-three % of units had a low spontaneous activity. (2) A power function relating mean firing frequency (¯R) and angular velocity (v) was established in the majority (78%) of units. The exponentα and the constantk were 0.44–0.8 and 8.9–20, respectively. (3) The relationship between¯R and stimulus diameter (D) was best expressed by a logarithmic function. The maximum response occurred forD= 2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 73 (1986), S. 158-159 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 30 (1985), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Einführung von Mikrowellen in thermische Analysentechniken kann Gradientenprobleme lösen und die Aussagemöglichkeiten der thermischen Analyse vergrößern. Ein in unserem Laboratorium eingesetzter Mikrowellengenerator ermöglicht die Aufheizung der Probe mit konstanter und gut definierter Geschwindigkeit. Eine zur DTA benutzte Versuchsanordnung wird beschrieben. Die für einige mineralische Substanzen mit exothermen Wasserangabepeak erhaltenen DTA-Kurven werden mit den konventionellen DTA-Kurven der gleichen Materialien verglichen. In mit der gleichen Apparatur aufgenommen thermodilatometrischen Kurven von PVC sind bei Anwendung der Mikrowellenheizung Umwandlungen klarer zu erkennen als bei der herkömmlichen Verfahrensweise. Eine bei konventionellen Aufheizen meist nicht erkennbare Umwandlung wird klar nachgewiesen. Da bei Mikrowellenheizung die Umwandlungstemperatur bei DTA-Versuchen niedriger als bei thermodilatometrischen Experimenten liegen, erscheint es als wahrscheinlich, daß ein Teil der absorbierten Mikrowellenenergie in einer anderen Form als in der von Wärme aufgenommen wird.
    Abstract: Резюме Введение микроволно водой в термические методы анализа решае т проблему градиентов и увеличи вает возможности тер мического анализа. Микроволнов ая силовая установка, изготовле нная в лаборатории ав торов, обеспечивает нагрев образца с постоян-ной и хорошо определяемо й скоростью нагрева. О писана экспериментальная у становка для использования ее в ДТА. Дифференциальн ые термические кривые, п олученные для некоторых минералов, показывающих экзоте рмические пики выделяющейся во ды, сопоставлены с обычными кривыми ДТ А, полученных для этих минералов. Термодила то-метрические кривые для ПВХ, получе нные на этой же устано вке при микровольновом и стандартном нагрев ах, показали более чет кое проявление превраще ний по сравнению с обичным нагревом. По скольку при микровол новом нагреве температуры преврашения наблюдаются при боле е низких значениях ка к в ДТА так и в термодилатометрии, поэтому возможно, что часть по глощенной микроволн овой энергии, кроме нагрев а, расходуется и на другие формы.
    Notes: Abstract Introduction of microwaves in thermal analysis techniques may solve gradient problems and enlarge the investigation possibilities of thermal analysis. A microwave power control set up in our laboratory provides the sample with a constant and well defined heating rate. Experimental set used for DTA is described. Differential thermal curves got for some mineral products showing exothermal water departure peaks are compared to conventional DTA curves got for the same materials. Thermodilatometric curves of PVC realized with the same apparatus, under microwave and standard heating, show that transformations appear more clearly than under conventional heating. A transformation which almost is not discernible under conventional heating is clearly evidenced. As transformation temperatures under microwaves appear at lower values in DTA as in thermodilatometry, it looks probable that a part of the absorbed microwave energy enters under an other form than heat.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1986-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-1042
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1904
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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