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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pollen containment may be necessary to prevent the dissemination of novel genes from transgenic crops into sexually compatible land races or wild relatives in locations where these are grown or occur naturally in the same vicinity. Routine maize (Zea mays L.) breeding activities employ controlled pollinations and are sometimes done in areas where land races or wild relatives are know to occur. The ability of researchers to control pollen movement and to thereby control the potential flow of novel genes from transgenic maize to land races or wild relatives was investigated. Using white- and yellow-seeded inbreds, pollen control was measured in two mating designs. The ability to control pollen was assessed by observing seed color in pollinations on adjacent plantings intended to trap uncontrolled pollen. In one experiment, the yellow-seeded maize contained a transgene. In this experiment contaminant seeds observed in the white maize were analyzed for the presence of recombinant DNA and the gene expression product. The results from these experiments indicated that routine plant breeding activities can be conducted with completely effective pollen containment if the transgenic line is detasseled and serves as the female for pollination with a nontransgenic male inbred. However, precautions in addition to those used in these experiments are necessary to provide complete control of pollen dissemination if a transgenic male is used to make crosses and ≈ 0.1% outcrossing to adjacent rows is deemed unacceptable.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 674-678 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; Chromosomal location ; Endosperm proteins ; 4R/7R translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A group of proteins with similar Mr, isoelectric points and amino acid composition to those previously described for the low molecular weight prolamins (LMWP) of wheat and barley were isolated from the endosperm of rye (Secale cereale L.). Genes controlling four components of this protein group have been assigned to chromosome arm 4RL, through the two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of T. aestivum-S. cereale disomic and ditelosomic addition lines. This observation, together with the previous assignment of LMWP genes in wheat to chromosome groups 4 and 7, is discussed in relation to the proposed 4R/7R chromosomes translocation in S. cereale.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 62 (1999), S. 600-607 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 479-483 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. An experimental model was designed to study the acute lesions caused by a continuous exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) disolved in water (400 mg/L) in hematopoietic kidney tissue in tench (Tinca tinca L). Fifty fish were used in this study, 15 for calculating LC50 and 35 were euthanized 1, 2, 5, 8, and 12 days postpoisoning (five treated and two controls each time). Tissue samples, fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) for histopathological examination, revealed marked alteration of hematopoietic tissue, characterized by progressive swelling and cell necrosis, activation of the phagocyte system, and subsequent formation of myelin figures. Variations recorded in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in blood samples indicated changes in membrane permeability, complementing the findings on hematopoietic tissue. The lethal dose (LC50) at 96 h demonstrated the importance of the species and chemical form used as factors in calculating a product's toxicity.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.35.Fx; 68.55.-a; 81.10.-h
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Interlayer diffusion in epitaxial systems with a high energy barrier at the atomic steps – the so-called Ehrlich–Schwoebel (ES) barrier – is strongly reduced. As a consequence of this, a continuous accumulation of roughness takes place during growth. This undesirable effect can be corrected by using surfactant agents. We have studied the influence of the ES barrier on the preparation of epitaxial films on Cu(111), and the surfactant effect of a monolayer of Pb.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: LepidopteraEphestia kuehniella ; α-amylase ; Triticum aestivum ; endosperm ; α-amylase inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Crude α-amylase preparations from seven Lepidoptera pests were susceptible to inhibition by salt-soluble proteins of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm. Protein fractions that corresponded to tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric wheat α-amylase inhibitors, were decreasingly effective against the insect α-amylase activity. To further confirm these results, purified inhibitors were tested against an α-amylase preparation fromEphestia kuehniella (Zeller). This preparation showed decreased activity when increasing amounts of an heterotetrameric inhibitor (reconstituted from its isolated subunits WTAI-CM2, -CM3 and -CM16) were assayed. Activity was only partially inhibited by homodimeric (WDAI-1, synonym 0.53; WDAI-2, synonym 0.19) and monomeric (WMAI-1, synonym 0.28) inhibitors.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 23 (1978), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zikaden, deren wichtigste Art Empoasca kraemeri ist, sind die bedeutendsten Bohnenschädlinge in Lateinamerika. Es wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt um festzustellen, in welchem Wachstums-stadium der grösste Schaden auftritt. Dazu wurde der Wachstumszyklus in vier Abschnitte unterteilt, beginnend 8 Tage nach der Saat. Die Pflanzen wurden in den verschiedenen Wachstumsstadien mit Monocrotophos (0.05%) behandelt oder zum Vergleich unbehandelt gelassen. Die Insektenpopulationen der Adulten und der Larven wurden wöchentlich (1. Experiment) und zweimal wöchentlich (2. Experiment) gemessen. Die Bohnen, die in der Zeit zwischen 8 und 26 Tagen nach der Pflanzung und nach 62 Tagen ohne Insektizidschutz gelassen wurden, erbrachten den gleichen Ertrag wie die Bohnen, die über alle vier Wachstumsstadient geschützt wurden. Im ersten Experiment, in dem der Befall durch Zikaden erst spät einsetzte, war die Zeitspanne zwischen 45 und 62 Tagen besonders kritisch. Im zweiten Experiment, in dem der Insektenbefall schon vom Saatzeitpunkt an stark war, waren die Pflanzen in der Zeitspanne von 27–44 Tagen besonders gefährdet, gefolgt von der Periode von 45–62 Tagen. Im zweiten Experiment waren alle Ertragskomponenten vom Insektenbefall beeinflusst. Der Ertragwar streng mit dem 100-Samengewicht korreliert. Wenn man zwei Ertragskomponenten berücksichtigt, war der Ertrag sehr streng korreliert mit der Anzahl voller und Prozent leerer Hülsen pro Pflanze.
    Notes: Abstract Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Diacol-Calima, were protected with insecticides from Empoasca kraemeri R. & M. attack during various growth stages. When the leafhopper attack occurred late in the growing season, the most critical period for control was from 45–62 days after planting. When leafhopper attack was severe during the entire growing season, the period from 27–44 days was most critical, followed in importance by the 45–62-day period. Insecticidal control before 27 days and after 62 days after planting did not influence final seed yield. Leafhopper attack affected four components of yield, i.e., (1) by reducing the number of pods per plant, (2) number of seeds per pod, (3) 100-seed weight, and (4) number of empty pods per plant.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 61 (1993), S. R21 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Bi-Mo catalysts ; CO oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of treatment conditions during preparation and activation of γ-Bi2MoO6 catalysts was investigated. Catalytic evaluation shows that CO conversion is much higher for catalysts obtained under vapor controlled evaporation conditions (CE) than for standard evaporation catalysts (SE). Characterization results show that preparation under SE conditions induces segregation of Bi2O3 on the surface of Bi2MoO6 catalysts decreasing their catalytic activity. Catalysts treatment under hydrogen reactivates the catalytic properties of SE samples.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: fruit ; internal CO2 concentration ; leaf area ratio ; leaf number and area ; net photosynthetic rate ; phosphorus use efficiency ; root ; shoot ; stomatal conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings of chile ancho pepper were grown in pots containing a pasteurized mixture of sand and a low phosphorus (P) sandy loam soil, and either inoculated (VAM) or not inoculated (NVAM) with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Long Ashton nutrient solution (LANS) was modified to supply P to the seedlings at 0, 11, and 44 g(P) m-3 (P0, P11, P44, respectively). Low P depressed net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), phosphorus use efficiency (PN/P), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci). The mycorrhiza alleviated low P effects by increasing PN, gs, PN/P, and decreasing Ci. At P0, Ci of NVAM plants was equal to or higher than that of VAM plants, suggesting nonstomatal inhibition of photosynthesis. Gas exchange of VAM plants at P0 was similar to that of NVAM plants at P11. Endomycorrhiza increased leaf number, leaf area, shoot, root and fruit mass at P0 and P11 compared to NVAM plants. Reproductive growth was enhanced by 450 % in mycorrhizal plants at P44. Root colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, internal and extraradical hyphae development) was higher at lower P concentrations, while sporulation was unaffected. The enhanced growth and gas exchange of mycorrhizal plants was in part due to greater uptake of P and greater extraradical hyphae development.
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