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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70.r ; 78.90.+t ; 72.80.Ey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The wavelength dependence and polarization characteristics of the infrared light scattered from an undoped GaAs crystal were investigated in the 90° angle infrared light scattering configuration. The scattering is Rayleigh scattering from scatterers which are always associated with the dislocations, and they are classified into three types,S, L A , andL G scatterers, according to their polarization characteristics. TheS, L A , andL G -scatterers are thought to be small As clusters, large As precipitates and large Ga precipitates, respectively.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Y-25510 ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Y-25510 was administered by means of an intravenous drip infusion to healthy adult male volunteers at a dose of 40, 80 or 160 mg in a single-dose study, and at a dose of 160 mg once a day for 7 days in a multiple-dose study. Results: Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased, but there was no change in leukocyte and platelet counts. The peak serum concentration of IL-1β was nearly maximum at the single doses of 40 and 80 mg, and at the multiple dose of 160 mg per day. The peak serum concentration of IL-6 increased in a dose-dependent manner at a dose of 40 mg or more. For the multiple-dose study, the serum level of IL-10, which remained unchanged in the placebo group, began to increase in the Y-25510 group following the maximum serum level of IL-1β and IL-6. There were no clinically relevant differences in body temperature and blood pressure after the administration of Y-25510. Conclusion: These findings that leukocyte and platelet counts never increased, despite the increment of the IL-1β and IL-6 production after the administration of Y-25510, may be explained in part by the negative feedback mechanism induced by IL-10.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract High quality oxide and fluoride single crystals for optical, piezoelectric and other applications have been grown by advanced crystal growth techniques. La3Nb0.5Ga5.5O14 and La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 piezoelectric single crystals of size and quality comparable to La3Ga5SiO14 (langasite), have been produced. The piezoelectric and device properties of the crystals were investigated. A search for new langasite-type materials was also performed. Growth conditions of (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3 and Ca8La2(PO4)6O2 single crystals are discussed. These crystals have excellent lattice matching with GaN, a promising material for optoelectronic devices. Promising optical micro-crystals—K3Li2Nb5O15, KNbO3 and Y3Al5O12—and new structural materials, Al2O3Y3Al5O12 eutectic fibers, have been grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) technique. The advantages of the μ-PD technique have been shown. Ce-doped fluoride single crystals—LiCaAlF6, LiYF4 and BaLiF3—have been grown for solid state UV laser applications. Growth results and optical characterizations are discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 827-831 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal conductivities of rare earth ortho-aluminate, DyAlO3, ErAlO3 and HoAlO3, single crystals were measured between 2 and 20 K at magnetic fields between 0 and 5T. In zero magnetic field, the thermal conductivities show a typical dielectric behaviour and there are large differences in the peak values of the thermal conductivities. This suggests that the resonant phonon scattering by rare earth ions already exists at zero magnetic field in those perovskites. Two types of magnetic field dependencies are observed. The thermal conductivities of DyAlO3 and ErAlO3 decrease with increasing magnetic field; however, HoAlO3 gives the opposite result. These dependencies can be qualitatively explained by using an energy level scheme on the ground state in Kramer or non-Kramer ions.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The 9Be +209Bi fusion cross sections were measured in the range 37.5 MeV ≤ E lab ≤ 45.0 MeV at the Munich Tandem via the observation of ground state α-decay of the evaporation residues. Fusion cross sections of 209Bi with the “halo”11Be unstable projectile in the region around the Coulomb barrier were deduced from an experiment done with the same technique at the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. Above the Coulomb barrier the 11Be cross sections are larger than the 9Be ones in agreement with theoretical predictions based on the larger 11Be halo radius. Also below the barrier these theories foresee the same behavior in disagreement with the experimental results, since the two cross sections are rather similar.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 18 (1984), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde das instationäre Wärmeübergangsverhalten in einer zylindrischen porösen Schüttung unter verschiedenen Versuchsbedingungen experimentell untersucht (Durchflußmenge, Durchmesser der kugelförmigen Festkörper, Fluidtemperatur und physikalische Eigenschaften der Schüttung). Es zeigte sich, daß besonders die Durchflußmenge und der Partikeldurchmesser das instationäre Wärmeübertragungsverhalten des Fließbettes beeinflussen: bei gleichbleibendem DurchmesserD der Schüttung, aber größerer Durchflußmenge und größerem Partikeldurchmesser, stieg der mittlere Wärmeübergangskoeffizient zwischen Fluid und Partikel an. Gleichzeitig verringerte sich die Zeitspanne zum Erreichen konstanter Temperaturen. Die Gleichungen für den Wärmetransport und die Zeitspanne zum Erreichen stationärer Versuchsbedingungen wurden unter Verwendung der NusseltzahlNu d =f(d/D, Re d ) und der Fourier-ZahlFo =f(Pr *,d/D, Re d ) abgeleitet.
    Notes: Abstract The transient behavior of heat transfer in a cylindrical porous bed was examined experimentally under various factors (flow rate, diameter of spherical solid particle, temperature of flowing fluid and physical properties of porous bed). In these factors, it was understood that especially flow rate and the diameter of the particled have important role in evaluating the transient behavior of heat transfer in the porous bed. That is, as the flow rate and the diameter of the particle under a constant diameterD of the cylindrical bed are increased, mean heat transfer coefficient between flowing fluid and the solid particles is increased and the time period to reach a thermally steady state is decreased. The useful experimental correlation equations of mean heat transfer coefficient and the time period to reach the steady state were derived with the functional relationships of Nusselt numberNu d =f(d/D, Reynolds numberRe d ) and Fourier numberFo =f (modified Prandtl numberPr*, d/D, Re d ).
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Übertragungsverhalten beim Wärmeentzug aus einem zylindrischen Wärmespeicher mit Kugelschüttung wurde experimentell untersucht. Dabei wurden verschiedene Einflußgrößen berücksichtigt, wie beispielsweise der Volumenstrom, der Kugeldurchmessser der Schüttungsteilchen im Speicherbehälter, die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der strömenden kalten Luft und der Schüttung sowie die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Speichermaterials. Die Experimente wurden in folgenden Bereichen durchgeführt: Reynoldszahl, bezogen auf den Kugeldurchmesser des Schüttguts im SpeicherRe d = 10.3–2200. Porosität der Kugelschüttungɛ=0.310–0.475. Verhältnis von Kugeldurchmesser der Schüttung und Zylinderdurchmesser des Speichersd/D=0.0075–0.177 und Verhältnis von Zylinderlänge und Zylinderdurchmesser des SpeichersL/D=2.5–10.0. Es wurde festgestellt, daß insbesondere der Volumenstrom und die Abmessungen der kugelförmigen Teilchen der Schüttung von großer Bedeutung bei der Bewertung des Übertragungsverhaltens beim Wärmeentzug, speziell im Bereich der Speicherwand, sind. Wenn der Volumenstrom und der Kugeldurchmesser des Schüttguts erhöht wird, bei einem vorgegebenen Durchmesser des Speicherbehälters, steigt der mittlere Wärmetransportkoeffizient zwischen zuströmender kalter Luft und der heißen Schüttung; der Zeitraum der Entladung verkürzt sich. Die experimentell ermittelte Abhängigkeit des mittleren Wärmetransportkoeffizienten zwischen der strömenden Luft und der Kugelschüttung von der Entladungszeit des Wärmespeichers ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Abhängigkeit dieses Entladevorgangs von der NusseltzahlNu d f (modifizierte PrandtlzahlPr *, d/D, Red) und der FourierzahlFo =f(d/D, L/D, Pr*, Red).
    Notes: Abstract The transient heat transfer behavior in the case of heat removal from a cylindrical heat storage vessel packed with spherical particles was investigated experimentally for various factors (flow rate, diameter of spherical particles packed, temperature difference between flowing cold air and spherical particles accumulating heat, and physical properties of spherical particles). The experiments were covered in ranges of Reynolds number based on the mean diameter of spherical particles packed Red = 10.3–2200, porosityɛ=0.310 to 0.475, ratio of spherical particle diameter to cylinder diameterd/D = 0.0075–0.177 and ratio of length of the cylinder to cylinder diameterL/D=2.5–10. It was found that especially the flow rate and the dimension of spherical particles played an important role in estimating the transient local heat transfer characteristics near the wall of the cylindrical vessel in the present heat storage system. As flow rate and diameter of spherical particles were increased under a given diameter of the cylinder heat storage vessel, the mean heat transfer coefficient between the flow cold air and the hot spherical particles increased and the time period to finish removing heat from the vessel reduced. In addition, the useful experimental correlation equations of mean heat transfer coefficient between both phases and the time period to finish removing heat from the vessel were derived with the functional relationship of Nusselt numberNu d=f [modified Prandtl numberPr * (d/D), Red) and Fourier numberFo = f(d/D, L/D, Pr*, Red).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 317-318 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die eigenartigen intrazytoplasmatischen membranösen Strukturen wurden in verschiedenen fötalen Zellen gefunden. Die einheitliche Struktur ist durch 2 innere agranuläre und 2 äussere granuläre Membranen charakterisiert. Diese gepaarten Membranen wurden als eine Stufe für den spezifischen Produktionsprozess von neuem endoplasmischem Retikulum in fötalen Zellen aufgefasst.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Soft computing 1 (1997), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1433-7479
    Keywords: Key words Genetic Algorithm ; Age Structure ; Optimization ; Knapsack Problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract  This paper deals with genetic algorithms with age structure. Evolutionary optimization methods have been successfully applied to complex optimization problems, but the evolutionary optimization methods have a problem of bias in candidate solutions due to genetic drift in search. To solve this problem, we propose the introduction of age structure into genetic algorithms as a simple extension. In nature, an individual is removed from a population when the individual reaches lethal age. Therefore, genetic algorithms with age structure (ASGA) can maintain the genetic diversity of a population by removing aged individuals from the population. First, we conduct simple simulations of two subpopulations considering the age structure. Next, we apply the ASGA to a kanapsack problem. Finally, we discuss the optimal parameters for the age structure of the ASGA. These simulation results indicate that the ASGA can control selection pressure by aging process and relatively maintain the genetic diversity of a population.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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