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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of provisioning and iteroparity in a solitary halictine bee,Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) fratellum (Perez), with notes onL. (E.) calceatum (Scop.) andL. (E.) villosulum (K.) (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Lasioglossum ; Halictidae ; iteroparity ; provisioning strategies ; pleometrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary On Dartmoor, UK the temperate halictine beeLasioglossum (Evylaeus) fratellum is solitary and univoltine. A significant proportion of individually marked foundresses reproduce during two different seasons (iteroparity). This could represent a form of risk-spreading in environments where conditions are harsh and unpredictable. Perhaps associated with iteroparity, foundresses put in relatively low reproductive effort, often failing to provision their nests on suitable days, despite the small number of days available on Dartmoor. Foundresses stopped provisioning asynchronously, then remained in their nests until well after offspring emergence. There was a small proportion of digynous nests, in which nest-sharing appeared to be temporary.L. (E.) calceatum had a similar life-cycle on Dartmoor.L. villosulum was also solitary, and was able to provision its nests under less favourable weather conditions than the other two species. Information is also provided on nest productivity andSphecodes parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242568
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent “upwelling shadows” and their influence on zooplankton distributions (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 114 (1992), S. 561-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Physical (temperature and salinity) and biological (zooplankton) properties were sampled over a 15 mo period in 1988 and 1989 to monitor nearshore environmental variability in northern Monterey Bay, California, USA. During the upwelling seasons of 1988 and 1989, there were two distinct bodies of water along the sampling transect. The offshore water body was characterized by recently upwelled water (typically 〈12°C) while the nearshore body was significantly warmer (approaching 16°C). A sharp thermal gradient (=front) separated the two water bodies. This front persisted 6.5 km from shore throughout the upwelling season of 1988 and was present again in 1989. Zooplankton-assemblage analysis confirmed the presence of two distinct regions in northern Monterey Bay. We refer to this phenomenon as an “upwelling shadow”, which is the result of the advection of recently upwelled water bearing nutrients and larvae past coastal recesses which are equatorward of upwelling centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357253
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of azo dyes in cocultures of anaerobic granular sludge with aerobic aromatic amine degrading enrichment cultures (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 865-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A prerequisite for the mineralization (complete biodegradation) of many azo dyes is a combination of reductive and oxidative steps. In this study, the biodegradation of two azo dyes, 4-phenylazophenol (4-PAP) and Mordant Yellow 10 (4-sulfophenylazo-salicylic acid; MY10), was evaluated in batch experiments where anaerobic and aerobic conditions were integrated by exposing anaerobic granular sludge to oxygen. Under these conditions, the azo dyes were reduced, resulting in a temporal accumulation of aromatic amines. 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) and aniline were detected from the reduction of 4-PAP. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfanilic acid (SA) were detected from the reduction of MY10. Subsequently, aniline was degraded further in the presence of oxygen by the facultative aerobic bacteria present in the anaerobic granular sludge. 5-ASA and SA were also degraded, if inocula from aerobic enrichment cultures were added to the batch experiments. Due to rapid autoxidation of 4-AP, no enrichment culture could be established for this compound. The results of this study indicate that aerobic enrichment cultures developed on aromatic amines combined with oxygen-tolerant anaerobic granular sludge can potentially be used to completely biodegrade azo dyes under integrated anaerobic/aerobic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051475
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron reflectivity study of adsorbed diblock copolymers (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 721-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Neutron scattering techniques (including small-angle scattering) ; Macromolecular and polymer solutions (solubility, swelling, etc.) ; polymer melts ; Solid-fluid interfaces ; Structure and morphology ; thickness ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper, we summarize our cumulative work on neutron reflectivity studies of polystyrene-poly(vinyl-2-pyridine) (PS-PVP) and polystyrene-polyethylene oxide (PS-PEO) adsorbed at a quartz-solvent interface. Deuterated toluene was chosen as the solvent since it is a good solvent for PS and a poor one for either of the other two blocks. In this case, the polystyrene dangles into the solvent while the other block acts as an anchor. The neutron reflectivity studies reveal that the form of the polymer density profile normal to the substrate may be varied from an extended «brush» to a condensed «mushroom» conformation by manipulating the ratio of the molecular weights of the two blocks. In addition, we present new data on the PS-PEO system in a poor solvent, deuterated cyclohexane, under conditions of shear flow in Poiseuille geometry. We find that when the PS-PEO diblock is absorbed from cyclohexane and is allowed to relax, the PS chain takes on a «mushroom» conformation. However, when the shear is applied, the layer shear thickens due to the PS chains extending to nearly twice their original lengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456717
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of transient high temperatures during the deformation of polymers (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 4089-4096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A novel and simple technique for the measurement of the magnitude and spatial distribution of transient high temperatures is described. The technique is applied to the measurement of the temperatures produced during the deformation under impact of a range of polymers. It is found that very high temperatures (up to 700
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553473
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid jet impact damage on zinc sulphide (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1982), S. 2625-2636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Zinc sulphide is an important infra-red transparent “window” material. When used in forward-facing aircraft components, these windows can be damaged by the impact of rain drops. The drop impact is simulated using a high-velocity jet technique and the resulting damage is described quantitatively and qualitatively for impact velocities up to 600 m sec−1. For the 0.8 mm jets used, which simulate 4 mm diameter drop impacts, no loss of strength was observed for impacts at or below 125 m sec−1. The calculated threshold velocity for a 2 mm drop impact of 175±5 m sec−1 agrees well with results obtained on whirling-arm installations. Visual examination of the impact damage emphasized the importance of careful specimen preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543897
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of anthracene in water/solvent mixtures by the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent priority pollutants of soil and sediments. The use of white-rot fungi has been proposed as a means of bioremediating PAH-polluted sites. However, higher PAH compounds of low bioavailability in polluted soil are biodegraded slowly. In order to enhance their bioavailability, PAH solubilization, can be increased in water/solvent mixtures. The oxidation of a model PAH compound, anthracene, in the presence of cosolvents by the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was investigated. Acetone and ethanol at 5% were toxic to this fungus when added at the time of inoculation. However, when solvents up to 20% (v/v) were added to 9-day-old cultures, ligninolytic activity as indicated by Poly R-478 dye decolorization and anthracene oxidation was evident for several days. Since 20% solvent was toxic to cells, the oxidation of anthracene can be attributed to extracellular peroxidases, which were shown to tolerate the solvent. Solvent additions of 11%–21% (v/v) acetone or ethanol increased the rate of anthracene bioconversion to anthraquinone in liquid medium by a factor of 2–3 compared to fungal cultures receiving 1%–3% solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient regulation of extracellular peroxidases in the white rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 778-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Previous research indicated that the production of peroxidases in Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 increased under N-sufficient conditions. In this study different organic N sources (amino acids, peptides, proteins) were tested as N supplements. Most N sources significantly enhanced the titres of peroxidases, which increased in parallel with growth. While peroxidase production by Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was not repressed by the addition of sufficient or excess nitrogen, the occurrence of ligninolytic activity was a secondary metabolic event triggered by the cessation of growth. Among the factors studied (O2, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins), only those supplements with additional carbon or carbon and nitrogen increased the growth, indicating that the secondary metabolism was triggered by carbon limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178618
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient regulation of extracellular peroxidases in the white rot fungus,Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 778-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Previous research indicated that the production of peroxidases inBjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 increased under N-sufficient conditions. In this study different organic N sources (amino acids, peptides, proteins) were tested as N supplements. Most N sources significantly enhanced the titres of peroxidases, which increased in parallel with growth. While peroxidase production byBjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was not repressed by the addition of sufficient or excess nitrogen, the occurrence of ligninolytic activity was a secondary metabolic event triggered by the cessation of growth. Among the factors studied (O2, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins), only those supplements with additional carbon or carbon and nitrogen increased the growth, indicating that the secondary metabolism was triggered by carbon limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178618
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ubiquity of natural adsorbable organic halogen production among basidiomycetes (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 710-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Recently, several species of basidiomycetes were shown to produce de novo high concentrations of chloroaromatic metabolites. Since these lignocellulose-degrading fungi play a major role in the ecosphere, the purpose of this study was to determine the ubiquity of organohalogen production among basidiomycetes. A total of 191 fungal strains were monitored for adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) production when grown on defined liquid media. Approximately 50% of the strains tested and 55% of the genera tested produced AOX. A low production of 0.1–0.5 mg AOX/l was observed among 25% of the strains, a moderate production of 0.5–5.0 mg AOX/l was observed among 16% of the strains and 9% of the strains produced high levels (5–67 mg AOX/l). The latter group was dominated by species belonging to the genera Hypholoma, Mycena and Bjerkandera, showing specific AOX productions in the range 1074–30893 mg AOX/kg dry weight of mycelial biomass. Many highly ecologically significant fungal species were identified among the moderate to high producers. These species were also able to produce AOX when cultivated on natural lignocellulosic substrates. Hypholoma fasciculare and Mycena metata respectively produced up to 132 mg and 193 mg AOX/kg dry weight of forest litter substrate in 6 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050752
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