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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prograde metamorphic zoning in amphibolite facies pelitic gneisses from Kemiö, Southwest Finland (1982)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 71 (1982), S. 245-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The metamorphism of the Svecofennides in southwestern Finland has been studied in pelitic gneisses from the Kemiö region. Three metamorphic zones have been distinguished which are characterized, in order of increasing grade, by the parageneses muscovite + quartz, biotite + sillimanite + K feldspar, and cordierite + K feldspar. Temperature and load pressure estimates of metamorphism range from 560±25° C, 3±0.5 kb for the upper boundary of the muscovite + quartz zone to 670±25° C, 4±0.5 kb for the cordierite + K feldspar zone at a partial water pressure of 0.4±0.1 Ptotal Postmetamorphic tectonic activity has formed major fault or shear zones along which pegmatitic and granitic intrusive bodies have been emplaced. It is inferred that at least part of the zone boundaries represent tectonic contacts rather than isograds.
    Abstract: Resume Le métamorphisme des Svecofennides du Sud Ouest de la Finlande a été étudié dans des gneiss pélitiques de la région de Kemiö. Trois zones métamorphiques ont été distinguées, caractérisées, par ordre de dégré croissant de métamorphisme, par les paragenèses suivantes: muscovite+quartz, biotite+sillimanite+K feldspath, et cordiérite + K feldspath. Les estimations de température et de pression lithostatique du métamorphisme vont de 560±25° C, 3±0.5 kb pour la limite supérieure de la zone à quartz + muscovite à 670±25° C, 4±0.5 kb pour la zone à cordiérite + K feldspath à une pression partielle d'H2O de 0,4 Ptotal. Une activité tectonique postmétamorphique a formé des failles majeures ou des zones de cisaillement le long desquelles se sont mis en place des pegmatites et des corps granitiques. On suppose que certaines parties des limites de zones au moins représentent des contacts tectoniques plutôt que des isogrades.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Metamorphose der Svecofenniden in Südwest-Finnland ist an pelitischen Gneissen des Kemiö-Gebietes untersucht worden. Drei metamorphe Zonen lassen sich unterscheiden mit zunehmendem Grad der Metamorphose, mit den Paragenesen Muskovit + Quarz, Biotit + Sillimanit + K Feldspat und Cordierit + K Feldspat. Abschätzungen der Temperatur und des Gebirgsdruckes der Metamorphose reichen von 560±25° C, 3±0.5 kb für die Obergrenze der Muskovit + Quarz-Zone bis zu 670±25° C, 4±0.5 kb für die Cordierit + K Feldspat-Zone bei einem Wasserdruck von 0.4±0.1 Ptotal Postmetamorphe tektonische Bewegungen haben mächtige Verschiebungen und Scherzonen zur Folge gehabt, entlang derer sich pegmatitische und granitische Intrusifkörper eingeschaltet haben. Deshalb wird angenommen, daß die Zonengrenzen wenigstens zum Teil tektonischer Kontakte repräsentieren und nicht Isograden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01825040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terpenoid precursors of strigol as seed germination stimulants of broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) and witchweed (Striga asiatica) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 9 (1990), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Strigol and some of its synthetic precursors and analogs are known to be germination stimulants for broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) and witchweed (Striga asiatica). Fifteen synthetic terpenoids, similar in structure to one of the four rings of the strigol molecule, were evaluated in two bioassays as seed germination stimulants with broomrape, and nine were found to be active. Five of the more active compounds contained ester groups. Whereas the study was intended primarily to evaluate forced germination of broomrape by aqueous solutions, the results are almost qualitatively identical for broomrape and witchweed. Monocyclic compounds with chemical structures similar to two of the rings of strigol have now been shown to possess significant bioactivity as germination stimulants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041945
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrograde garnet zoning at low water pressure in metapelitic rocks from Kemiö, SW Finland (1982)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 79 (1982), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The compositional zoning of almandine-spessartine garnet has been studied in pelitic gneisses from the Kemiö region, SW Finland. Garnets with inverse zoning (outward increase in Mn) abound in the low-grade musc+qz zone. Garnets with inverse zoning, normal zoning (outward decrease in Mn), and with a homogeneous composition occur in the higher-grade sill+ Kfs zone. The formation of garnet with inverse zoning is explained by continuous retrograde reactions in the model system K2O-Al2O3-FeO-MnO-MgO-SiO2-H2O at strongly reduced partial water pressures. A comparison of temperatures based on critical metamorphic reactions and on garnet-biotite thermometry shows the usefulness of geothermometry in rocks with spessartine-rich garnet and Mn-bearing biotite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376959
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopes, Wool, and Rangeland Monitoring: Let the Sheep Do the Sampling (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental management 22 (1998), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Carbon isotope ratios; Vegetation change; Rangelands; Monitoring; Wool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: 3 and C4 plant species consumed by animals. Sheep sample vegetation continuously throughout a year, and as their wool grows it integrates and stores information about their diet. In subtropical and tropical rangelands the majority of grass species are C4. Since sheep prefer to graze, and their wool is an isotopic record of their diet, we now have the potential to develop a high resolution index to the availability of grass from a sheep's perspective. Isotopic analyses of wool suggest a new direction for monitoring grazing and for the reconstruction of past vegetation changes, which will make a significant contribution to traditional rangeland ecology and management. It is recommended that isotopic and other analyses of wool be further developed for use in rangeland monitoring programs to provide valuable feedback for land managers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotite breakdown and the formation of gahnite in metapelitic rocks from Kemiö, southwest Finland (1981)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 75 (1981), S. 327-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The formation of ferroan gahnite by breakdown of zinc-bearing biotite has been studied in metapelitic gneisses from the Kemiö region in southwestern Finland. Spinel compositions range from herc50 gahn40spin10 to herc15gahn82spin3; biotite contains up to 0.24 wt.% ZnO. Individual spinel grains show a gradual compositional zoning owing to increasing zinc contents towards the grain margins. Chemical and textural evidence indicate that spinel has been formed by breakdown of zinc-bearing biotite. During prograde metamorphism ferroan gahnite formed according to the reaction: biotite+sillimanite +quartz=cordierite+spinel+fluid, and during retrogressive metamorphism ferroan gahnite was formed by chloritization of biotite. It is proposed that the zinc-saturation limit of biotite depends on the metamorphic conditions. Decrease of this limit during retrogression to values below the zinc content of biotite initiated release of zinc and formation of ferroan gahnite. The activity of the Fe and Mg end members of retrogressively formed spinel are fixed by the coexisting biotite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374717
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cadmium intoxication on collagen and elastin content in tissues of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 40 (1988), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01881051
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Policy: Constructing a definition (1985)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 18 (1985), S. 291-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract If “policies” are to serve as guides to real world actions and be subject to criticism and improvement out of human experience, they must have certain attributes and capacities - those requirements serve to define the meaning of the term. This article seeks (a) to demonstrate the substance of those requirements through a systematic analysis of the structures and processes involved in reasoned, corrigible actions, (b) to sketch the basic assumptions of a theory of knowledge able to show how those requirements can be fulfilled within the limits of human capacity, and (c) to examine the implications of that conception of “policy,” and its companion concept “theory,” for those involved in collective policymaking and policy studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00135916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementing: Alternatives, costs, and benefits (1983)
    Springer
    Asia Pacific journal of management 1 (1983), S. 36-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9958
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This essay provides a conceptual framework for thinking about the problem of implementing (i.e. getting things done) as part of the larger process of managing. We shall isolate some alternative approaches to that implementing problem and briefly examine the underlying beliefs, the accompanying technologies, and the attendant costs/benefits of those alternatives. We shall then make a few suggestions about appropriate alternatives for the decade ahead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01734309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The US army in operations other than War: A time to revive military geography (1995)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 37 (1995), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract This paper revisits and interrelates the scope of military geography and the changing role of the military, two themes previously addressed in the 1993 and 1994 special editions ofGeoJournal. I begin by tracing the evolution of military geography in the US from World War I through the end of the Gulf War to reveal the demise of the subfield within American academic geography. Within the context of the post-Cold War era, I describe the military's reorientation and emphasize the need and opportunity to broaden the scope of military geography accordingly. The military's current operating environment is best characterized by “operations other than war”, undertaken on an unprecedented scale. Military geographers and regional, systematic, and technical experts throughout the discipline now have an unparalleled opportunity to contribute to the success of peacekeeping, humanitarian, and disaster assistance missions with which the military is currently preoccupied. Initiatives by academic geographers would not only enhance mission accomplishment from the military and federal government's perspective, but might also help to revive military geography as a legitimate subfield by demonstrating that military geographic endeavors can be both “socially responsible” and “politically correct”, particularly within “operations other than war.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00816791
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane emission measurements in urban areas in Eastern Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 24 (1996), S. 121-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: tropospheric methane ; CH4 emissions ; natural gas ; tracers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated methane emissions from urban sources in the former East Germany using innovative measurement techniques including a mobile real-time methane instrument and tracer release experiments. Anthropogenic and biogenic sources were studied with the emphasis on methane emissions from gas system sources, including urban distribution facilities and a production plant. Methane fluxes from pressure regulating stations ranged from 0.006 to 24. l/min. Emissions from diffuse sources in urban areas were also measured with concentration maps and whole city flux experiments. The area fluxes of the two towns studied were 0.37 and 1.9 μg/m2/s. The emissions from individual gas system stations and total town emissions of this study are comparable to results of similar sites examined in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162407
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