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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification of a (CGG)6AGG insertion within the CGG repeat of the FMR1 gene in Asians (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 99 (1997), S. 793-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have evaluated the structure of the CGG repeat within the FMR1 gene of an Asian population and found the most common size of the repeat to be 29 and 30 with a minor population of 36 repeats. We have isolated and sequenced DNA containing the 36 repeats and found the basis sequence to be (CGG)9AGG(CGG)9AGG(CGG)6AGG(CGG)9; with a (CGG)6)AGG insertion, designated as 9A9A6A9. Of 144 Asian chromosomes, 11 (8%) had sequences with this insertion. Six different variations of the basic sequence were observed in the population: 9A9A6A2A9, 9A9A6A11, 9A9A16, 9A9A15, 8A9A6A6A9, and 11A6A6A9. All but one of the chromosomes with the insertion had the haplotype of DXS548/ FRAXAC1: 194/D suggesting that the sequences with the 6A insertion arose from a single ancestral allele. We have not observed the insertion in the FMR1 gene of Caucasians or Native Americans. The (CGG)6AGG insertion may be unique to Asians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050450
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission electron microscopy study of defects in Sn-doped GaAs films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55Jh ; 81.30Fb ; 68.35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Films of GaAs, heavily doped with Sn, which have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are found to contain single-crystal Sn particles situated in the nearsurface region of the epilayer GaAs. The morphology and chemical composition of the particles have been examined by using cross-section transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Different growth conditions were used to study the Sn-particle formation and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate microstructures. The observations are discussed in terms of several models previously proposed for these phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626415
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster description of water-in-oil microemulsions near the critical and percolation points (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1419-1431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phase equilibria, phase transitions, and critical points of specific substances ; Optical properties of bulk materials ; Statistical theory of liquid structure ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The three-component ionic microemulsion system consisting of AOT/water/decane shows an unusual phase behavior in the vicinity of room temperature. The phase diagram in the temperature-volume fraction (of the dispersed phase) plane exhibits a lower consolute critical point at about 40 degrees centigrades and 10% volume fraction. A percolation line, starting from the vicinity of the critical point, cuts across the plane, extending to high volume fraction side at progressively lower temperatures. In this paper we review the evidence that allows to interpret the phase behavior of our system in terms of interacting spherical droplets. We also investigate the dynamics of droplets, below and approaching the critical point by dynamic light scattering. The first cumulant and time evolution of the droplet density correlation function can be quantitatively calculated by assuming the existence of polydispersed fractal clusters formed by the microemulsion droplets due to attraction. The relaxation phenomena observed in an extensive set of measurements of electrical conductivity and permittivity close to percolation is also reviewed and interpreted through the same cluster-forming mechanism, which reproduces the most relevant features of the frequency-dependent complex dielectric constant of this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462026
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle light scattering in dense microemulsions, transition from droplet to bicontinuous phase (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1627-1633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering ; Liquids ; Emulsions and suspensions ; Order-disorder and statistical mechanics of model systems ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We have performed extensive small-angle light scattering (SALS) measurements on a three-component microemulsion (AOT/decane/water) as a function of the dispersed phase concentration and the temperature. All samples have a water/AOT molar fractionw=40.8. Such a system presents a very complex phase diagram with many structural configurations. With the SALS technique, we have been able to observe all the phase separation lines. In particular we give details on the system structure on the percolation phenomenon and on the bicontinuous phase recently observed. In particular we show that the percolation is driven by a long-scale aggregation between microemulsion droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462051
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometry of bicontinuous microemulsions as revealed by SANS and simulations (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1357-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces ; Neutron scattering techniques (including small-angle scattering) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Water-octane-C10E4 microemulsions in both the isotropic and lamellar phases were measured using small-angle neutron scattering. Varying the scattering length density of both the water and oil through hydrogen-deuterium substitution enabled us to isolate the scattering contributions of the surfactant monolayers and the water-surfactant and oil-surfactant interfaces. Analyses of the resulting scattering patterns allow us to directly determine the small mean curvature of the surfactant film as a function of temperature and correlate this quantity with the overall phase behavior. A simulation using a Gaussian random field yields the three-dimensional structure of the bicontinuous microemulsion having a surfactant monolayer with zero mean curvature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462020
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle light scattering studies of dense AOT-water-decane microemulsions (1996)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 1317-1332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering ; other light scattering ; Emulsions and suspensions ; Specific phase transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We have performed extensive studies of a three-component microemulsion system composed of AOT-water-decane (AOT=sodium-bis-ethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is an ionic surfactant) using small-angle light scattering (SALS). The small-angle scattering intensities are measured in the angular interval 0.001–0.1 radians, corresponding to a Bragg wave number range of 0.14 μm−1〈Q〈〈1.4 μm−1. The measurements were made by changing temperature and volume fraction ϕ of the dispersed phase (water + AOT) in the range 0.05〈ϕ〈0.75. All samples have a fixed water-to-AOT molar ratio,w=[water]/[AOT]=40.8, in order to keep the same average droplet size in the stable one-phase region. With the SALS technique, we have been able to observe all the phase boundaries of a very complex phase diagram with a percolation line and many structural organizations within it. We observe at the percolation transition threshold, a scaling behavior of the intensity data. This behavior is a consequence of a clustering among microemulsion droplets near the percolation threshold. In addition, we describe in detail a structural transition from a droplet microemulsion to a bicontinuous one as suggested by a recent small-angle neutron scattering experiment. The loci of this transition are located several degrees above the percolation temperatures and are coincident with the maxima previously observed in shear viscosity. From the data analysis, we show that both the percolation phenomenon and this novel structural transition are derived from a large-scale aggregation between microemulsion droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02453266
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent nonsense mutations at arginine residues cause severe hemophilia B in unrelated hemophiliacs (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 84 (1990), S. 387-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Direct sequencing of the regions of the factor IX gene of likely functional significance was performed in four patients with severe hemophilia B. In two of the individuals, a transition at the dinucleotide CpG caused a nonsense mutation at arginine 333. In the other two individuals, a transition at CpG caused a nonsense mutation at arginine 29. Since these patients are all unrelated, as shown by differing alleles of the TaqI polymorphism in intron four or extensive nonoverlapping pedigrees, the mutations arose independently. In addition, the origin of one arginine 333 mutation in one family has been traced to the germline of the maternal grandfather. The frequent occurrence of mutations at arginine codons that contain the sequence CGN can be explained by the dramatic elevation of transitions at CpG. As a result, approximately one in four individuals with hemophilia B is expected to have a mutation at arginine and nonsense mutations at one of six arginine residues should be common causes of severe hemophilia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195805
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human liver fatty acid binding protein gene is located on chromosome 2 (1986)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 12 (1986), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The human gene for liver fatty acid binding protein was assigned to chromosome 2 using human-rodent somatic cell hybrids and Southern filter hybridization of cell hybrid DNA. The filters were hybridized to a radiolabeled cloned cDNA which covers 485 bases. Hybridization of the DNA to a human-specific 7.5-kb DNA fragment in HindIII-digested DNA was used to identify the human liver fatty acid binding protein gene. Results from two cell hybrids with chromosomal rearrangements suggest that the gene is on the short arm of chromosome 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570790
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between the interfacial curvatures and phase behavior in bicontinuous microemulsions — a SANS study (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 106 (1997), S. 14-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Interfacial curvatures ; microemulsion ; SANS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a new technique using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to measure the average Gaussian curvature and the average square-mean curvature of the oil-water interface in a threecomponent, nearly isometric (equal volume fractions of water and oil) ionic microemulsion system. The microemulsion is composed of AOT/brine/decane. SANS measurements are made as a function of both the volume fraction of surfactant and salinity at a constant temperature, 45 °C, within the one-phase channel. The temperature is chosen at the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) temperature for a salinity of 0.49%. The SANS data taken with an oil-water contrast are analyzed by using a random-wave model with an appropriate spectral function. The spectral function is an inverse eighth-order polynomial in wave numberk, containing three length scales 1/a, 1/b, and 1/c, and has finite second and fourth moments. This three-parameter spectral function is then used in conjunction with Cahn's clipping scheme to obtain the Debye correlation function for the microphase-separated bicontinuous microemulsions. The model shows good agreement with the intensity data in an absolute scale. We then use the three parameters so obtained to calculate the average Gaussian curvature and the average square-mean curvature of the interface. We determine the variation of these curvatures as functions of the surfactant volume fraction and salinity and discuss their implication on the degree of local order of the bicontinuous structure. We also show a 3-D morphology of the microemulsion at the contact point of the three-phase and the one-phase region of the phase diagram generated by this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189485
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assembly of two-dimensional ordered monolayers of nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 682-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Monolayer ; Gold nanoparticles ; Silver ; Rare-earth carbonate ; Electrophoretic deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this article the effect of field strength, temperature and square-wave pulse on the deposition structure of gold nanoparticles is investigated and 2D structures of silver and two kinds of rare-earth carbonate particles are synthesized by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The results indicate that EPD is a general phenomenon that occurs on the electrode/sol interface and that the EPD method may be developed for the assembling of 2D structures of nanoparticles. On the other hand, the results also show that the composition and surface condition as well as the size distribution of the particles can affect the order of the particles in the monolayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000324
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