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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arctic Soil Respiration: Effects of Climate and Vegetation Depend on Season (1999)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 2 (1999), S. 451-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Keywords: Key words: Arctic; soil respiration; carbon dioxide; soda lime; climate; vegetation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ABSTRACT Arctic ecosystems are important in the context of global climate change because the most rapid rises in air temperature are expected at high northern latitudes during winter. The presence of extensive soil carbon reserves in the Arctic suggests that substantial feedbacks to CO2-induced climate change could occur if warming alters carbon cycling belowground. Characterization of the controls on regional patterns of belowground CO2 release through the annual cycle is an important step towards evaluating potential feedbacks from arctic ecosystems to climate change. In this study, we assess seasonal control over the influences by climate and vegetation-type on CO2 efflux from belowground in the Alaskan tundra. Our results indicate that climate had strong effects on belowground CO2 release in both seasons. By contrast, vegetation-type had little impact on CO2 efflux from belowground in winter but was the principal control in summer. Together, these results demonstrate that seasonality is a critical factor regulating climate and vegetation-type effects on belowground CO2 release, which should be included in regional models of net carbon balance in arctic ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900093
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of grassland nitrogen cycling under carbon dioxide enrichment (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 109 (1996), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words N mineralization ; Elevated CO2 ; Annual grasslands ; Soil moisture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrogen (N) limits plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems, potentially constraining terrestrial ecosystem response to elevated CO2. In this study, elevated CO2 stimulated gross N mineralization and plant N uptake in two annual grasslands. In contrast to other studies that have invoked increased C input to soil as the mechanism altering soil N cycling in response to elevated CO2, increased soil moisture, due to decreased plant transpiration in elevated CO2, best explains the changes we observed. This study suggests that atmospheric CO2 concentration may influence ecosystem biogeochemistry through plant control of soil moisture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050069
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  • 3
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    Stimulation of grassland nitrogen cycling under carbon dioxide enrichment (1997)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-07
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Climatic Change, Springer, 119(2), pp. 359-374, ISSN: 0165-0009
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-10
    Description: Approximately 1700 Pg of soil carbon (C) are stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost zone, more than twice as much C than in the atmosphere. The overall amount, rate, and form of C released to the atmosphere in a warmer world will influence the strength of the permafrost C feedback to climate change. We used a survey to quantify variability in the perception of the vulnerability of permafrost C to climate change. Experts were asked to provide quantitative estimates of permafrost change in response to four scenarios of warming. For the highest warming scenario (RCP 8.5), experts hypothesized that C release from permafrost zone soils could be 19–45 Pg C by 2040, 162–288 Pg C by 2100, and 381–616 Pg C by 2300 in CO2 equivalent using 100-year CH4 global warming potential (GWP). These values become 50 % larger using 20-year CH4 GWP, with a third to a half of expected climate forcing coming from CH4 even though CH4 was only 2.3 % of the expected C release. Experts projected that two-thirds of this release could be avoided under the lowest warming scenario (RCP 2.6). These results highlight the potential risk from permafrost thaw and serve to frame a hypothesis about the magnitude of this feedback to climate change. However, the level of emissions proposed here are unlikely to overshadow the impact of fossil fuel burning, which will continue to be the main source of C emissions and climate forcing.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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