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  • Springer  (266)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeability of bimolecular membranes made from lipid extracts of human red cell ghosts to sugars (1971)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 5 (1971), S. 200-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Spherical lipid bimolecular membranes of a large surface area separating two aqueous solutions were formed from the total lipid extracts of human red cell ghosts and from their individual lipid components. The isotopic permeabilities of these membranes to biologically important sugars and to a related polyol were measured. The observedd-glucose permeabilities of the bimolecular membranes of the total lipid, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol were 2.35, 2.51, 2.23, 1.35, and 0.62×10−10 cm/sec, respectively. These permeabilities are about four to five orders of magnitude lower than that of the intact red cell membrane. The permeabilities of the bimolecular membrane made from an identical extract of the total lipid to different sugars varied: the values ford-glucose,d-mannose,d-ribose,d-fructose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, 3-0-methyl-d-glucose, andd-mannitol were 2.3, 2.6, 8.9, 0.38, 16.1, 11.2, and 0.44×10−10 cm/sec, respectively. The pattern of the difference is neither parallel with nor as extensive as that observed with the intact red cell membrane. The observed permeabilities of the lipid membranes, however, agree qualitatively with what is predicted by an analysis of non-specific movements of nonelectrolytes across the cell membranes. The failure of the membrane lipids to reproduce the carrier function in a structure most closely approximating that of living membranes strongly suggests that some membrane components other than lipids are required for this function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02107724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallurgical reaction and mechanical strength of electroless Ni-P solder joints for advanced packaging applications (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the metallurgical reaction and mechanical strength of the electroless Ni-P solder joints as a function of reflow time at 220 °C. It is found that both Ni3Sn4 intermetallics and Ni3P are formed due to the solder reaction-assisted crystallization. However, after the first 15 min of reflow, an unusual depression of Ni3Sn4 growth has been observed. A detailed description of the diffusion mechanism has been presented to explain the prohibition of the Ni3Sn4 growth. It is found that the growth of Ni3Sn4 and Ni3P may have a mutual effect on each other during the solder reaction since there is a direct correlation between the depression of the Ni3Sn4 growth and the ending of Ni3P growth. The characteristic of the mechanical strength of electroless Ni-P solder joints has been demonstrated. A correlation between the mechanical strength and the interfacial metallurgical reaction has been discussed. Also, it is found that different reflow times will result in different fracture interfaces of the sheared electroless Ni-P solder joints. The detailed explanation of the fracture surface morphology has been explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008920527395
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure analysis of miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitors in surface mount printed circuit board assemblies (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract New failure analysis results of miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitors (sizes 0402, 0603, 0805 and 1206) which have been subjected to various degrees of thermal shock up to 450°C by ice-water or dry ice quenching are reported. The thermal shock resistance of 0402 multilayer ceramic capacitors was found to be about 400°C and considerably better than those of the larger ones. Microstructural and layer-by-layer insulation resistance analyses have clearly identified the physical locations responsible for the electrical leakage of defective capacitors. Further, no evidence of silver migration as a dominant failure mechanism has been observed for any of the defective capacitors under usual operating stresses. Comparisons ofI–V characteristics for multilayer ceramic capacitors quenched by ice-water and dry ice confirm that water plays a significant role in causing electrical failure at nominal bias. Comparisons with results obtained from practical surface mount printed circuit board assembly of mobile telephones is discussed. From these, failure mechanisms are proposed to explain the failure of miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitors under normal service conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717879
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal shock resistance of miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitors (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal shock resistance of miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCs), of sizes “0402”, “0603”, “0805” and “1206”, was investigated by comparing the leakage currents before and after thermal shock. It was generally found that smaller capacitors have a higher thermal shock resistance than larger ones. The “0402” MLC possesses a thermal shock resistance in excess of 420
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215569
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dopants on ageing properties for the PMN-0.1 PT relaxor ferroelectric ceramics (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 133-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Isothermal ageing properties of the typical ferroelectric relaxor system Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (abbreviated as PMN-0.1 PT) doped with different kinds of oxides were measured and the effect of dopants on ageing inducing was investigated. The metallic ions of additives were considered to enter sites A or B in the perovskite structure with similar radii and their roles were distinguished as donors, acceptors or equivalent substitutors due to their valences. For the additions of acceptors, dielectric ageing is evident while no obvious ageing was found in the non-doped equivalently substituted or donor-doped PMN-0.1 PT systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225636
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance and hypertension (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 109 (1992), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: insulin resistance/hyperinsulinernia ; hypertension ; captopril ; glucose transport ; erythrocytes ; adipocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229765
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Health Consequences of Vertebral Deformity in Elderly Chinese Men and Women (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Vertebral deformity — Back pain — Morale score — Disability — Chinese.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The following health consequences of vertebral deformity in Hong Kong elderly Chinese men and women were studied: the prevalence of back pain, disability due to back pain, and low morale. Lateral X-ray films were taken of the thoracic and lumbar spine of 796 community-dwelling Chinese subjects (396 men, 400 women) (aged 70–79). Subjects with one or more definitely deformed vertebra (reduction in vertebral height 3 SD or more below the mean) were classified as definite cases, those with one or more mildly deformed vertebra (reduction in vertebral height 2–2.99 SD below the mean) as mild cases, and the rest as controls. The prevalence and consequences of back pain were measured by a standardized questionnaire, and morale was measured by the Geriatric Morale Score. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of having back pain and being depressed were calculated by logistic regression. Classifications included 16% of men and 30% of women as definite cases, 37% of men and 35% of women as mild cases, and 47% of men and 35% of women as controls. The relative risk (RR) of back pain was 2.3 (95% CI 1.4–3.9) (P 〈 0.05) in women with definite deformity and 1.5 (95% CI 0.9–2.5) (P 〉 0.05) in women with mild deformity, as compared with controls. Sixty-four percent of all men had back pain. This prevalence was much higher than figures obtained in a previous survey on low back pain. The prevalence of back pain did not differ by deformity status, but more men with vertebral deformity were on analgesic. There was no significant association between disability due to back pain and vertebral deformity in women. The RR for having a low morale score (of 5 and below) was 2.3 (95% CI 1.3–4.1) (P 〈 0.05) in women with mild deformity; men with vertebral deformity did not have a low morale. It was concluded that vertebral deformity was associated with significant back pain and psychological morbidity in elderly Chinese women. Although men with vertebral deformity did not report more back pain, more were on analgesics than controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900480
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertebral Deformity in Chinese Men: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Bone Mineral Density, and Body Composition Measurements (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Vertebral deformity — Prevalence — Bone mineral density — Cigarette smoking — Alcohol consumption.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The prevalence and risk factors for vertebral deformity were studied in 396 community-dwelling Chinese men aged 70–79 years. Anterior to posterior (Ha/Hp), middle to posterior (Hm/Hp) and posterior to posterior (Hp/Hp − 1 or Hp/Hp + 1) ratios from T5 to L5 were derived from lateral spine X-ray films, using standardized digitization methods. Using values of 3 standard deviations (SD) or more below the mean and 4 SD or more below the mean as the cutoff, 16% and 7% of these men, respectively, were deemed to have one or more deformed vertebra. Heavy cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and working as a heavy manual worker were risk factors for vertebral deformity. Men with severe vertebral deformity (VHR 〈 mean − 4 SD below mean) had much lower body weight, fat mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) than controls. The odds ratios for severe vertebral deformity was 9.9 (95% CI 2.1–45.7) in the lowest quartile of femoral neck BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230050009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular recordings from Deiters' neurons in response to saccular and oculomotor nucleus stimulations (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 475-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 2 populations of cells were found in the Deiters' nucleus responsive to direct electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral saccule. Only those Deiters' neurons activated monosynaptically from the saccule could be driven antidromically from the oculomotor nucleus. Such an intracellular study provides strong evidence for a tri-neuronal arc in the sacculo-ocular reflex for vertical eye movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01922219
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple interspike interval analyzer for study of neuronal spike trains (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 216-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple, low cost interspike interval analyzer for the analysis of trains of nerve impulses is described. The analyzer is built with readily available integrated circuits and has been used to analyze spike trains in the lateral vestibular nucleus of cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920625
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