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  • Springer  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: One of the major clinical complications in the biomedical application of synthetic materials is the incidence of implant-associated infections. Such infections are very often induced by Staphylococcus aureus. To obtain information on tissue reactions and minimal bacterial challenge needed to create an infection related to untreated implant surfaces, we injected polyurethane tubing segments with a series of Staphylococcus aureus. The segments were subcutaneously implanted in rats. Implantation periods varied from 2, 5 and 10 days to 3 weeks. Specimen were evaluated using light and transmission electron microscopy. At least 0.25×104 of Staphylococci aureus were needed to clearly recognize that bacteria had been injected in the polyurethane tubing segments. The evidence was indirect, showing high infiltration and activation of neutrophils and macrophages, but not bacteria. Furthermore, 0.25×106 S. aureus were needed to induce a persistent specific inflammatory reaction with high concentrations of lymphocytes, i.e. mainly plasma-cells, at 3 weeks. The results indicate that this model functioned well to obtain the wanted information. Results are discussed with respect to (a-) specific inflammatory reactions occurring with (bacterial-challenged) biomaterials. Ultimately, our goal is to develop infection-resistant materials, for which the in vivo model developed may be used to qualify the processed materials
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Tissue reactions to rat lead samples, modelling for clinically used leads, were investigated in a late infection model, in which injection of bacteria was performed after a 3-week encapsulation process. At the site of injection, detachment of the original fibrous capsule, wound fluid infiltration, fibrin formation and granulocyte and macrophage infiltrations, occurred. Spreading of infection did not occur via the generally assumed direct bacterial adhesion to materials, but through blood vessels at the outside of capsules and through wound fluid passage at the interface and in the lumen of the lead sample. At day 5, infection had spread all over, but, apart from two small abscesses, seemed to be suppressed at day 10. However, probably due to luminal bacterial growth, at weeks 3 and 6 the reaction intensified showing larger abscesses with accumulations of lymphocytes. The results of this study represent a good basis for further studies aimed at developing infection-resistent lead material. Research efforts are first directed on modification of material surfaces to provide controlled release of antimicrobial agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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