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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 14 (1985), S. 523-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dermal and respiratory exposures were determined for workers aerially applying Ordram® Selective Herbicide (active ingredient is 5-ethylhexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate; common name molinate). Applications of both liquid and granular formulations were monitored. Quality assurance procedures included preparation of blank and control samples in the laboratory and in the field. Results indicate that total molinate (active ingredient) exposures during application of either Ordram Selective Herbicide formulation were less than 10 mg/day under normal conditions, with the exception of the loader whose total exposure was approximately 30 mg/day during granular application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die durch Röntgenstrahlen (1 R/sec) erzeugten elektrischen Impulse einzelner Nervenzellen der Geruchszwiebel wurden in narkotisierten Katzen, Kaninchen und Hunden gemessen. Als typische Reaktion wurde eine kurzfristige Erhöhung der elektrischen Impulse gefunden. Somit sind die von Röntgenstrahlen ausgelösten elektrischen Impulse des Geruchsystems kein artspezifisches, sondern vielmehr ein allgemeines Phänomen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 10 (1967), S. 307-315 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A single step process of Runge-Rutta type is examined for a linear differential equation of ordern. Conditions are derived which constrain the parameters of the process and which are necessary to give methods of specified order. A simple set of sufficient conditions is obtained.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 18 (1971), S. 162-170 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary An a posteriori error bound, for an approximate solution of a system of ordinary differential equations, is derived as the solution of a Riccati equation. The coefficients of the Riccati equation depend on an eigenvalue of a matrix related to a Jacobian matrix, on a Lipschitz constant for the Jacobian matrix, and on the approximation defect. An upper bound is computable as the formal solution of a sequence of Riccati equations with constant coefficients. This upper bound may sometimes be used to control step length in a numerical method.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 30 (1978), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L99 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that Liapunov functions may be used to obtain error bounds for approximate solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations. These error bounds may reflect the behaviour of the error more accurately than other bounds.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 51 (1993), S. 135-150 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: AMS (MOS) 65 L 05 ; Implementation ; implicit methods ; Runge-Kutta ; parallel processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir schlagen ein Iterationsverfahren für die Lösung der nicht-linearen Gleichungen bei der Implementierung von impliziten Runge-Kutta-Verfahren vor, das besonders geeignet für die Parallelverarbeitung ist und immer angewandt werden kann, wenn die KoeffizientenmatrixA nur reelle (und positive) Eigenwerte hat. Für solche Verfahren kann man zwar die Effizienz eines modifizierten Newton-Verfahrens oft auch mit Hilfe einer Ähnlichkeitstransformation vonA verbessern, aber sogar dann hat unser vorgeschlagenes Verfahren Vorteile für die Parallelverarbeitung, wie numerische Beispiele zeigen. Das neue Vorgehen konvergiert für lineare Differentialgleichungssysteme in endlich vielen Schritten wegen der Nilpotenz einer strengen unteren DreiecksmatrixS −1 AS — Λ und reduziert sich auf das modifizierte Newton-Verfahren wennS −1 eine Diagonalmatrix ist. Unser Konvergenzresultat ist auf nichtlineare steife Systeme anwendbar.
    Notes: Abstract An iteration scheme, for solving the non-linear equations arising in the implementation of implicit Runge-Kutta methods, is proposed. This scheme is particularly suitable for parallel computation and can be applied to any method which has a coefficient matrixA with all eigenvalues real (and positive). For such methods, the efficiency of a modified Newton scheme may often be improved by the use of a similarity transformation ofA but, even when this is the case, the proposed scheme can have advantages for parallel computation. Numerical results illustrate this. The new scheme converges in a finite number of iterations when applied to linear systems of differential equations, achieving this by using the nilpotency of a strictly lower triangular matrixS −1 AS — Λ, with Λ a diagonal matrix. The scheme reduces to the modified Newton scheme whenS −1 AS is diagonal.A convergence result is obtained which is applicable to nonlinear stiff systems.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 45 (1990), S. 321-332 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) 65 L 05 ; Implementation ; Implicit methods ; Runge-Kutta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Rechenaufwand bei der Implementierung impliziter Runge-Kutta-Verfahren wird oft vom Aufwand für die Lösung großer nichtlinearer Gleichungssysteme dominiert. Als Alternative zu modifizierten Newton-Verfahren sind Iterationsverfahren vorgeschlagen worden, die auf die superlineare Konvergenz zugunsten einer Reduktion der Kosten im Bereich der linearen Algebra verzichten. Hier wird eine neue Methodik dieser Art betrachtet, die teure Vektortransformationen vermeidet, rechnerisch effizient ist und zu verbesserten Leistungsmerkmalen führt.
    Notes: Abstract The computational work required to implement implicit Runge-Kutta methods is often dominated by the cost of solving large sets of nonlinear equations. As an alternative to modified Newton methods, iteration schemes, which sacrifice superlinear convergence for reduced linear algebra costs, have been proposed. A new scheme of this type is considered here. This scheme avoids expensive vector transformations, is computationally more efficient, and gives improved performance.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previously, recombinations involving genes of the rabbit immunoglobulin heavy chain locus have been documented serologically. These data indicated that the sites at which the causative recombination events occurred could have been anywhere from within the V H gene cluster up to, or 3′ of, Cμ. Since these sites could not be localized further by serological methods, we attempted to do this using techniques of molecular biology. DNAs from homozygous recombinant rabbits and from the appropriate non-recombinant parental haplotypes were characterized using Southern blots hybridized with a panel of probes derived from cloned regions of the rabbit immunoglobulin heavy chain gene complex. In all three recombinants, the site was downstream of the entireV H cluster and upstream of the J Hcluster within an ∼50 kilobase (kb) egion containing expanses of repetitive-sequence DNA as well as D H genes. D H-specific probes further showed that in two of the recombinants, the recombination appears to have occurred within or 5′ of D H1 and 5′ of D H2 genes; in the third it occurred 3′ of the D H2 genes but at least ∼5 kb 5′ of the J H region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 25 (1985), S. 675-680 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Reducible Runge-Kutta methods are characterized by means of special matrices. Previous definitions of reducibility are incorporated. This characterization may be useful in the study of algebraic stability and in studies of existence and uniqueness.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 25 (1985), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An implicit Runge-Kutta method, applied to an initial value problem, gives systems of algebraic equations. Under natural assumptions concerning the differential system, there are known conditions on the method which guarantee that the algebraic equations have unique solutions. It is shown that these conditions are closely related to the requirement that the method be (k(l),l)-algebraically stable on an interval [0,α).
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