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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caldera formation in the Rum Central Igneous Complex, Scotland (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 62 (2000), S. 301-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Pre-eruptive caldera collapse Proto-caldera Rum igneous complex Intracaldera stratigraphy Ignimbrite feeder dykes Caldera resurgence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. The Northern Marginal Zone of the Rum Central Igneous Complex in NW Scotland represents part of the early, felsic phase of the volcano. The marginal zone is a relic of the early caldera floor and the infilling of sedimentary and igneous rocks. Its formation has been explored through field examination of the ring fracture system of the Complex and its pyroclastic and epiclastic intracaldera facies. A sequence of magmatic tumescence and chamber growth caused initial doming, followed by the formation of a collapse structure without accompanying volcanism. This collapse structure, circular in plan, is akin in origin to a salt basin formed by crustal stretching above a rising diapir. We call this the proto-caldera. Collapse breccias, which represent the slumping and sliding of megablocks, blocks and boulders of the Torridonian sandstones which form the walls of the basin, were the original infilling. Logs of these deposits reveal considerable variation in thickness of the breccias (from 80–170 m) in the Complex, indicating an uneven floor to the proto-caldera, consistent with piecemeal collapse. Following accumulation of up to 〉70 m thickness of breccia, thin interbedded rhyodacitic crystal tuffs (10–30 cm) record the earliest eruptions of felsic magma in the caldera. Caldera formation was then interrupted by a period of quiescence, recorded by the presence of an epiclastic sandstone of locally several metres thickness, formed by washout of fines from the breccias. Subsequent resurgence created a fracture pattern characteristic of doming, along which rhyodacite magma rose in dykes and erupted up to perhaps 10 km3 of rhyodacitic intracaldera ignimbrites. This major eruption caused further incremental subsidence of the caldera floor into a now partly emptied magma chamber. Mafic inclusions in the ignimbrites point to the eruption being triggered by multiple injections of basic magma into a chamber occupied by felsic magma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450000099
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  • 2
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    Caldera formation in the Rum Central Igneous Complex, Scotland (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-23
    Print ISSN: 0258-8900
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0819
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Pre-eruptive magma mixing in ash-flow deposits of the Tertiary Rum Igneous Centre, Scotland (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
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    Petrogenesis of the Loch Bà ring-dyke and Centre 3 granites, Isle of Mull, Scotland (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The Loch Bà ring-dyke and the associated Centre 3 granites represent the main events of the final phase of activity at the Palaeogene Mull igneous complex. The Loch Bà ring-dyke is one of the best exposed ring-intrusions in the world and records intense interaction between rhyolitic and basaltic magma. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Centre 3 magmas, we present new major- and trace-element, and new Sr isotope data as well as the first Nd and Pb isotope data for the felsic and mafic components of the Loch Bà intrusion and associated Centre 3 granites. We also report new Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data for the various crustal compositions from the region, including Moine and Dalradian metasedimentary rocks, Lewisian gneiss, and Iona Group metasediments. Isotope data for the Loch Bà rhyolite (87Sr/86Sri = 0.716) imply a considerable contribution of local Moine-type metasedimentary crust (87Sr/86Sr = 0.717–0.736), whereas Loch Bà mafic inclusions (87Sr/86Sri = 0.704–0.707) are closer to established mantle values, implying that felsic melts of dominantly crustal origin mixed with newly arriving basalt. The Centre 3 microgranites (87Sr/86Sri = 0.709–0.716), are less intensely affected by crustal assimilation relative to the Loch Bá rhyolite. Pb-isotope data confirm incorporation of Moine metasediments within the Centre 3 granites. Remarkably, the combined Sr–Nd–Pb data indicate that Centre 3 magmas record no detectable interaction with underlying deep Lewisian gneiss basement, in contrast to Centre 1 and 2 lithologies. This implies that Centre 3 magmas ascended through previously depleted or insulated feeding channels into upper-crustal reservoirs where they resided within and interacted with fertile Moine-type upper crust prior to eruption or final emplacement.
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A search for flow structure in columnar basalt using magnetic anisotropy measurements (1964)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 57 (1964), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Evidence for flow structure within hexagonal columns of basalt has been sought, using measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. The observed magnetic grain alignment indicates that the flow was essentially uniform and horizontal across the hexagons which were sampled. The flow probably occurred during emplacement of the lava; there is no evidence of convection within the hexagons, either from the degree of grain alignment or its orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879709
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Dirichlet problem with a volume constraint (1974)
    Springer
    Manuscripta mathematica 11 (1974), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For B the open unit disk in R2, let W1(B) denote the Sobolev space of vector functions x: B→R3 such that x and its first partial derivatives are square integrable. For any y∈W1(B), S(y) is the set of all x in W1(B) for which x-y∈W10(B), the closure in W1(B) of C 0 ∞ (B). Assume that for all x ∈ S(y) the area functional A(x)〉0. For a given constant K, we show that there is an xo∈S(y) minimizing the “Dirichlet Integral” $$D(x) = \iint_B {(|x_u |^2 } + |x_v |^2 )dudv$$ in the subset of all x ∈ S(y) for which the oriented volume enclosed by y and x, V(y,x)=K. xo is analytic on B and is a solution to the differential equation Δx=2H(xu∧xv) for some constant H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01184954
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The symmetry of rotating fluid bodies (1982)
    Springer
    Manuscripta mathematica 39 (1982), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Consider an incompressible fluid body (in outer space) rotating about an axis with a given angular velocity ω, and which is in equilibrium relative to the potential energy of its own gravitational field and the surface energy due to surface tension. We show that such a body possesses a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the axis of rotation such that any line parallel to the axis and meeting the body cuts it in a line segment whose center lies on the plane of symmetry. This extends an earlier result of L. Lichtenstein [4].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01165793
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The non-existence of branch points in solutions to certain classes of plateau type variational problems (1978)
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 163 (1978), S. 211-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174896
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interspike interval of a cable model neuron with white noise input (1984)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 49 (1984), S. 155-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The firing time of a cable model neuron in response to white noise current injection is investigated with various methods. The Fourier decomposition of the depolarization leads to partial differential equations for the moments of the firing time. These are solved by perturbation and numerical methods, and the results obtained are in excellent agreement with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The convergence of the random Fourier series is found to be very slow for small times so that when the firing time is small it is more efficient to simulate the solution of the stochastic cable equation directly using the two different representations of the Green's function, one which converges rapidly for small times and the other which converges rapidly for large times. The shape of the interspike interval density is found to depend strongly on input position. The various shapes obtained for different input positions resemble those for real neurons. The coefficient of variation of the interspike interval decreases monotonically as the distance between the input and trigger zone increases. A diffusion approximation for a nerve cell receiving Poisson input is considered and input/output frequency relations obtained for different input sites. The cases of multiple trigger zones and multiple input sites are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334461
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dwarf elliptical galaxies (1994)
    Springer
    The astronomy and astrophysics review 6 (1994), S. 67-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0754
    Keywords: Galaxies: general ; Galaxies: luminosity function, mass function ; Galaxies: evolution ; Galaxies: structure ; Galaxies: stellar content ; Galaxies: fundamental parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies, with blue absolute magnitudes typically fainter than MB =−16, are the most numerous type of galaxy in the nearby universe. Tremendous advances have been made over the past several years in delineating the properties of both Local Group satellite dE's and the large dE populations of nearby clusters. We review some of these advances, with particular attention to how well currently available data can constrain (a) models for the formation of dE's (b) the physical and evolutionary connections between different types of galaxies (nucleated and nonnucleated dE's, compact E's, irregulars, and blue compact dwarfs) that overlap in the same portion of the mass-spectrum of galaxies (c) the contribution of dE's to the galaxy luminosity functions in clusters and the field (d) the star-forming histories of dE's and their possible contribution to faint galaxy counts, and (e) the clustering properties of dE's. In addressing these issues, we highlight the extent to which selection effects temper these constraints, and outline areas where new data would be particularly valuable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208252
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