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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Algorithmica 1 (1986), S. 409-424 
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Linear programming ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; Duality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We describe an extension of Karmarkar's algorithm for linear programming that handles problems with unknown optimal value and generates primal and dual solutions with objective values converging to the common optimal primal and dual value. We also describe an implementation for the dense case and show how extreme point solutions can be obtained naturally, with little extra computation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1985), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les croissances hétérotrophes et photohétérotrophes des algues vertesChlorella vulgaris etAnkistrodesmus braunii ont été étudiées comparativement en mesurant la croissance et en établissant des bilans carbonés. A partir de deux estimations distinctes de l'efficacité globale, consistant dans les rapports CO2 produit sur substrat utilisé et carbone cellulaire sur carbone métabolisé, il a été conclu que les deux micro-organismes sont photo-hétérotrophes, mais queC. vulgaris est plus efficace queA. braunii. La distribution du carbone a été déterminée par les bilans carbonés. Après onze jours de croissance à la lumière, les quantités de substrat carboné retrouvées dans la biomasse cellulaire deC. vulgaris et deA. braunii sont respectivement de 97 et 76%. Les voies fermentatives paraissent être présentes chez les deux microorganismes, et cela surtout à l'obscurité et dans les vieilles cultures, comme l'indique la perte apparente de carbone sous forme de composés organiques volatils. Les résultats obtenus avec les deux micro-organismes étudiés démontrent que les algues vertes sont capables de convertir photo-hétérotrophiquement et hétérotrophiquement une proportion élevée de la matière organique en biomasse. De ce fait, les étangs à taux d'oxydation élevée devraient être considérés du point de vue de l'exploitation de leur potentiel hétérotrophe.
    Abstract: Resumen Se examinó y comparó el crecimiento heterótrofo y fotoheterótrofo midiendo crecimiento y presupuestos para el carbono de las siguientes algas verdes:Chlorella vulgaris y Ankistrodesmus braunii. La eficiencia general se estimó mediante dos parámetros: el cociente entre CO2 suministrado y CO2 fijado por el sustrato, y el cociente entre carbono celular y carbono del sustrato utilizado. Apartir de estas medidas se concluyó que ambos micro-organismos eran capaces de fotoheterotrofia aunqueC. vulgaris era más eficiente queA. braunii. Los presupuestos para la masa carbonada mostraron la distribución del carbono. Después de 11 días de crecimiento en presencia de luz el 97 y el 76% de la glucosa del sustrato se había transformado en biomasa celular enC. vulgaris y enA. braunii respectivamente. En ambos microorganismos parecieron funcionar vías fermentativas, especialmente en la oscuridad y en cultivos viejos, como se vio indicado por la aparente pérdida de carbono en formo de compuestos orgánicos volátiles. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la habilidad de las algas verdes para convertir tanto fotoheterótrofa como heterótroficamente una elevada proporción de sustratos orgánicos en biomasa. Las balsas con una elevada demanda de oxigeno deberian, pues, de ser consideradas bajo una perspectiva heterótrofa con vistas a la explotación de dicho potencial heterótrofo.
    Notes: Summary Heterotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth of the green algaeChlorella vulgaris andAnkistrodesmus braunii were examined and compared through growth measurements and mass carbon budgets. Using two different estimates of overall efficiency, based upon the ratios of CO2 evolved to substrate taken up and cellular carbon to substrate carbon utilized, it was concluded that both micro-organisms were capable of photoheterotrophy althoughC. vulgaris was more efficient thanA. braunii. Mass carbon budgets showed the distribution of carbon. After 11 days of growth in the light, 97 and 76% of the glucose substrate was accounted for as cell biomass forC. vulgaris andA. braunii respectively. Fermentation pathways appeared to function in both micro-organisms, particularly in the dark and in ageing cultures, as indicated by the apparent loss of carbon as volatile organics. The results obtained with the two micro-organisms studied demonstrate the ability of green algae to photoheterotrophically and heterotrophically convert a high proportion of an organic substrate into biomass. Thus, high-rate oxidation ponds should be considered from a heterotrophic perspective with a view to exploiting this heterotrophic potential.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 13 (2000), S. 19-40 
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Keywords: Bayesian networks ; machine learning ; waste water treatment plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Bayesian Networks have been proposed as an alternative to rule-based systems in domains with uncertainty. Applications in monitoring and control can benefit from this form of knowledge representation. Following the work of Chong and Walley, we explore the possibilities of Bayesian Networks in the Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) monitoring and control domain. We show the advantages of modelling knowledge in such a domain by means of Bayesian networks, put forth new methods for knowledge acquisition, describe their applications to a real waste water treatment plant and comment on the results. We also show how a Bayesian Network learning environment was used in the process and which characteristics of data in the domain suggested new ways of representing knowledge in network form but with uncertainty representations formalisms other than probability. The results of applying a possibilistic extension of current learning methods are also shown and compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 174 (1994), S. 581-592 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Honey bee ; Sting response ; Motor control ; Ventral nerve cord ; Maturation ; Caste
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stinging behavior has been extensively studied in honey bees at the level of the individual, that is, in terms of stimuli that release stinging in adult bees, and in terms of integration of individual behavior into colony defense. Yet very little is known about the physiological basis for this behavior. Using an isolated abdominal preparation factors that influence peripheral control of the sting extension response are analyzed. Results show that: 1. Electromyogram activity released by severing the ventral nerve cord changed during the first few days of adult life but not later. Abdomens from older bees (nurses, guards, foragers) showed significantly higher EMG activity than newly emerged or 24 h-old bees. 2. The reflex “matured” over 5–7 days after emergence as an adult. 3. Younger bees (≤24h) had a lower threshold for initiating sting extension than older bees. However, the threshold for initiating the full sting response, i.e., extension and venom pumping, did not differ due to age. 4. Caste status was not correlated to any of the parameters of sting extension, indicating that any effect of caste on stinging behavior must arise in more anterior ganglia and/or in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 19 (1995), S. 445-456 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Cumulative impact assessment ; Methods ; Institutional context ; Resource management ; New Zealand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, provisions for environmental impact assessment in New Zealand were changed significantly with the enactment of the Resource Management Act. Among other provisions, this act requires consideration of cumulative impacts in environmental assessment activities undertaken by planners in newly created regional authorities and district and city councils. The institutional context in which the act is being implemented offers both opportunities and constraints to cumulative impact assessment. A lack of methods for CIA is a recognized problem. However, methods that have been developed for environmental impact assessments can be modified to incorporate second-, third-, and fourth-order impacts as well as to identify the direction and magnitude of additive and synergistic impacts. Layered matrices and combined networks are examples of such methods. While they do not allow for scientific prediction, they do provide the practitioner with the ability to consider the cumulative impacts of decisions. This is crucial in New Zealand, where statutory requirements are ahead of established methodologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 17 (1977), S. 82-89 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Samples of fish from freshwater sources of rivers, lakes and ponds all over the state of South Carolina were collected during the Summer of 1974 and 1975. The fish collected were Bass,A Bluegill, Redbreast, Catfish, Shad, Carp, Crappie, Mudfish and Pike. Samples were analyzed using the flameless atomic absorption procedure outlined by Hatch and Ott, and Uthe et al as modified for use with Perkin-Elmer, Coleman MAS-50 mercury analyzer. Triplicate samples of fish tissue were analyzed by wet digestion method. The mean mercury levels in ppb were determined for baseline mercury levels. A significant finding of this report is that those species for which fish of widely differing weights were analyzed, larger fish had higher mercury levels. Mercury levels exceeding the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guideline of 500 ppb for fish tissues have been found in the Mudfish from Edisto River and Pike fish from Lake Murray. Higher levels of mercury occurred in the highly vascularized blood tissues of liver and kidney than in muscle. Carnivorous and bottom-feeding fishes are the most reliable indicators of mercury pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1980), S. 554-561 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 325-329 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: A. tumefaciens ; A. rhizogenes ; Brassica napus ; Plant development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of oilseed rape cultivars to infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes and the possibility of regenerating genetically transformed oilseed rape plants were examined. The frequency at which Agrobacterium induced galls or hairy-roots on in vitro cultured plants ranged from 10% to 70%, depending on the cultivar. From galls induced by the tumorigenic strain T37, known to be strongly shoot inducing on tobacco, roots developed frequently. Occasionally, shoots formed and some of these produced tumour cell specific nopaline. Attempts to grow the transformed shoots into plants have so far been unsuccessful. Whole plants transformed with Ri-T-DNA, however, were regenerated. These had crinkled leaves and abundant, frequently branching roots that showed reduced geotropism, similar to previously isolated Ri T-DNA transformed tobacco and potato plants. The transformed oilseed rape plants flowered, but failed to form seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 85 (1986), S. 505-514 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examined the detection of cellular poly(A) sequences in mouse liver sections by in situ hybridization using a 3H-labelled poly(dT) probe. Parameters examined included possible losses of target poly(A) sequences from sectioned cells, access of probe to target sequences, section thickness, hybridization conditions, autoradioigraphic efficiency, specific activity of probes and specificity of reaction. An improved protocol was devised that resulted in good preservation of histological detail in sectioned tissue blocks, and a calculated hybridization efficiency of 50%–100%. With the use of probes of defined sequence, the protocol should allow detection of unique mRNA sequences within single cells with an estimated sensitivity of 6–12 unique mRNA molecules per sectioned cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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