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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 637-662 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Metasedimentary inclusions in the crustal anatectic rhyodacites of Mt. Amiata volcanic complex can be subdivided into a silica-poor group, rich in aluminous minerals, and a small silica-rich group containing abundant quartz. Textural observations, supported by mineral chemistry provide evidence for three metamorphic events. The regional metamorphic M0 is often associated with deformation, and two subsequent progressive thermometamorphic events, M1 and M2, are caused by the magmatic heat. Mineral assemblages of M1 are indicative for the pyroxene-hornfels facies, and assemblages of M2, in combination with evidence for partial melting and sanidinization, suggest sanidinite facies conditions. The inclusions are interpreted mainly as xenolithic fragments of a contact aureole, which were remetamorphosed after incorporation by the magma. The aureole formed in pre-mesozoic formations during accumulation of the melt in a magmachamber. Constraints on pressure conditions for M1 indicate the possibility of a fairly large depth of the heat-source giving rise to Mt. Amiata geothermal field.
    Abstract: Résumé Les enclaves métasédimentaires des rhyodacites anatectiques crustales du complexe volcanique du Monte Amiata se laissent subdiviser en deux groupes: l'un pauvre en silice avec des minéraux alumineux abondants, et l'autre, moins important, contenant un excès de quartz. Les textures, supportées par la minéralogie chimique témoignent de trois événements métamorphiques. Le métamorphism régional M0 est souvent associé avec une déformation tandis que deux événements successifs de métamorphisme progressif, M1 et M2, ont été causés par la chaleur magmatique. Les assemblages des minéraux de M1 représentent le faciès des cornéennes à pyroxene, et les assemblages de M2, en combinaison avec indications de fusion partielle et sanidisation, suggèrent les conditions du faciès des sanidinites. Les enclaves sont interprétées comme des fragments xénolithiques d'une auréole de contact, qui ont été remétamorphosés après incorporation par le magma. L'auréole s'est formée dans les formations pré-mésozoiques pendant l'accumulation du magma dans un réservoir. Les conditions P-T de M1 permettent de supposer que la source thermique donnant lieu au champ géothermique du Monte Amiata, occupe une position assez profonde.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Metasedimentäre Einschlüsse in den krustal anatektischen Rhyodaziten des vulkanischen Komplexes Monte Amiata lassen sich untergliedern in eine Silica-arme Gruppe, reich an Aluminium-Mineralien, und eine kleine Silica-reiche Gruppe mit Quarz im Übermaß. Die beobachteten Texturen, unterstützt von der Mineralchemie weisen auf drei metamorphe Ereignisse. Die Regionalmetamorphose M0 ist häufig verbunden mit Deformation, während zwei nachfolgende progressive Thermometamorphosen M1 und M2 verursacht worden sind von der magmatischen Wärme. Die Mineralgesellschaften des M1 sind representativ für die Pyroxen-Hornfels Fazies und die Gesellschaften des M2, in Kombination mit Anweisungen für partielle Aufschmelzung und Sanidinisation, suggerieren Umstände der Sanidinit-Fazies. Die Einschlüsse werden interpretiert als xenolithische Fragmente einer Kontaktaureole, die nochmals metamorphosiert wurden nach der Aufnahme ins Magma. Die Aureole entstand in pre-mesozoischen Formationen während der Akkumulation des Schmelzes in einer Magmakammer. Die geschätzten Druckbedingungen für M1 sind im Einklang mit der Möglichkeit einer ziemlich tiefen Position der Wärmequelle gehörend zum Geothermalfeld des Monte Amiata.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Potassium-rich calc-alkaline lavas of Lewotolo volcano, situated in the East Sunda Arc, Indonesia, contain the rare mineral zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7). Samples in which tiny grains of this mineral (3–25 μm in size) were found span the entire range of lava compositions (47–62 wt% SiO2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of primary zirconolite in juvenile arc volcanics. The mineral forms part of a vesicle-filling assemblage consisting of a network of quenched feldspar crystals and an SiO2 phase, probably cristobalite. High contents of Th, U and REE (up to 9.3, 4.3 and 15.6 wt% oxide respectively) and very high Fe contents (up to 13.5 wt% Fe2O3) distinguish these zirconolites from those of other rock types. The extraction of volatile-rich phases with changing compositions in successive stages is considered to be responsible for the zirconolite formation. We hypothesise that a fluid capable of transporting HFSE, REE, Th and U was extracted from the magma and (partly) crystallised within voids which had formed earlier upon saturation of an aqueous fluid. Assuming that zirconolite compositions largely reflect trace metal contents of the coexisting fluid phase, significant amounts of `immobile' elements must have been transported on a macroscopic scale. Our findings thus point to a late-stage transfer of HFSE, REE, Th and U between different domains in a cooling magma body. Such a volatile-induced redistribution of trace elements at shallow levels of high-K volcanic systems may be significant for conventional geochemical modelling of magma evolution and for Th–U disequilibrium studies.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 77 (1981), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Green, salitic pyroxenes occur as megacrysts and as cores in diopsidic pyroxene phenocrysts and microphenocrysts in a wyomingite lava from Hatcher Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Al-rich phlogopite (16–21% Al2O3), apatite, Fe-Ti-oxide, Mg-rich olivine (Fo93) and orthopyroxene (En61) also occur as megacrysts or as inclusions in diopside phenocrysts. All of these phases are found in ultramafic xenoliths in the host lava, and petrographic and chemical evidence is presented that the megacrysts originate by the disaggregation of the xenoliths. It is concluded that the latter are accidental fragments of the wall rocks traversed by the wyomingite magma and it is suggested that the clinopyroxene-rich xenoliths, from which the green pyroxenes are derived, formed in the upper mantle as a result of local metasomatism or by crystallization from magmas of unknown composition during an earlier igneous event. The precise role of the clinopyroxene-rich xenoliths (which also contain apatite, Fe-Ti-oxide and amphibole) in the genesis of the Leucite Hills magmas cannot be elucidated on the basis of the available data, but it is unlikely that they represent the source material from which these magmas are derived.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 86 (1984), S. 374-385 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Aluminous, silica-deficient metasedimentary xenoliths in siliceous lavas of Mt. Amiata have preserved composite zoning-patterns indicative for complex processes of magma-rock interaction. Petrographic observations and small-scale mineralogical and chemical differences between up to five distinct zones (including the core and envelope of lava) provide evidence that: 1. Partial melt formed in and extracted from the xenoliths was more mafic than the host magma and had a Mg/Fe ratio higher than that of the restite, at least during the peak of thermometamorphism. 2. Liquid-state interdiffusion occurred at the interface between partial melt and the enclosing magma. 3. Certain mineral phases in the restite (notably, hercynitic spinel) became unstable in the presence of a siliceous liquid. Quartz-poor muscovite-biotite schists are considered to be the most likely parent rocks and it is believed that release of volatiles from decomposing micas played a significant role in the high-temperature metamorphic evolution of the xenoliths and their interaction with the magma. The conditions favourable for assimilation were enhanced by injection of mafic magma into the magma chamber. Although this concurrent operation of magma-mixing precludes a quantitative estimate of contamination from the wall-rocks (which was probably of minor importance) the present example indicates that dry acid magma may potentially become more mafic by interaction with partially melted hydrous rocks.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1984-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
  • 7
    Publication Date: 1981-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1983-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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