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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-04
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 57 (2000), S. 828-833 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Insecticidal protein toxins; Bacillus thuringiensis; Photorhabdus luminescens; Xenorhabdus nematophilus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The current strategy of using transgenic crops expressing insecticidal protein toxins is placing increasing emphasis on the discovery of novel toxins, beyond those already derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Here we review the cloning of four insecticidal toxin complex (tc) encoding genes from a different bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens and of similar gene sequences from Xenorhabdus nematophilus. Both these bacteria occupy the gut of entomopathogenic nematodes and are released into the insect upon invasion by the nematode. In the insect the bacteria presumably secrete these insecticidal toxins, as well as a range of other antimicrobials, to establish the insect cadaver as a monocultural breeding ground for both bacteria and nematodes. In this review, the protein biochemistry and structure of the tc encoding loci are discussed in relation to their observed toxicity and histopathology. These toxins may prove useful as alternatives to those derived from B. thuringiensis for deployment in insect-resistant transgenic plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Distributed computing 2 (1987), S. 117-126 
    ISSN: 1432-0452
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A formal characterization for safety properties and liveness properties is given in terms of the structure of the Buchi automaton that specifies the property. The characterizations permit a property to be decomposed into a safety property and a liveness property whose conjunction is the original. The characterizations also give insight into techniques required to prove a large class of safety and liveness properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 29 (NaN), S. 23-39 
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We propose a method to analyze the density of packings of spheres of fixed radius in the hyperbolic space of any dimension m≥ 2 , and prove that for all but countably many radii, optimally dense packings must have low symmetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Why is assessment of student learning important? The National Science Education Standards chapter on Assessment in Science Education states that assessment is “primary feedback” [1]. Assessment of learning supplies instructors with feedback on how well their students are learning course material, and students are provided information about how well they are meeting teachers’ expectations. Assessment of learning is useful for communicating the expectations of an educational program. Communication helps instructors know what to teach, how to teach, and where to find the material to teach. Assessment of student learning can also be used for program planning and improvement. For example, placement tests can be used as advising tools. Student work, in the form of portfolios, might serve as partial evidence of the quality of an undergraduate chemistry program. In summary, assessment of learning can provide information to: Students, about the extent of their learning and possibilities for success in future courses. Faculty, about the extent to which their teaching practices are facilitating student learning, and how they might make modifications to those practices. Administrators and other stakeholders, about course articulation, program effectiveness, and what students are able to do as they complete a program. A comprehensive literature review about assessing learning in K-12 science education has examined assessment of learning techniques as well as policy-related issues [2].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The chemical educator 2 (1997), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conceptual understanding involves being able to represent and translate chemical problems using three forms of representation—macroscopic, particulate, and symbolic. In addition to research on chemical problem solving, a great deal of work on student misconceptions involving chemical phenomena has been conducted. Both the representational formats, and the work on student misconceptions, served as framework for a team of chemical educators to develop a general chemistry standardized exam focused on conceptual understanding that is now available from the ACS Examinations Institute. Several of the item formats differ fromt he conventional single answer multiple choice question currently used on such tests. This article will report the background of the test, the structure of the test, and on-going work of the group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 9 (1987), S. 71-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This article deals with a geological investigation carried out as a fundamental part of the conservation and static restoration of several antique churches excavated in andesitic tuff in the Göreme valley and adjacent areas of Cappadocia in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Two stages have been completed already, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and the work is still in progress. Seismicity is not regarded as a structural hazard, but the geological history includes a series of volcanic episodes since the Oligocene (about 38 million years ago), which persisted into fairly recent times and laid down a great thickness of tuff rock. Erosion sculptured this tuff preferentially because of irregular harder, basaltic layers, which later capped rock pinnacles, the so-called peribacalars, in which churches were hewn over a thousand years ago. Because the host rock is heavily fissured, precipitation has entered and has damaged many mural paintings. These are also subject to vandalism, and efforts have been made to restore them by the usual conservation intervention. However, grouting is necessary and must take into account the porosity of the tuff, which also permits capillary rise from crypts. Sometimes, during wet episodes, water flushes into these and scours the interior walls as well. The basic problem remains geological, and the contribution of the earth sciences is very important. Thus, an engineering geology study has determined that the tuff rock is suitable both for building retaining walls and acting as a constituent in cement grout. It is expected that the UNESCO/ICCROM program to save the churches will be completed successfully within the next five years or so.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 16 (1990), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The structural conservation project at the Göreme circus, with its rock-hewn churches, is a program for safeguarding this area in Cappadocia. The aim of this paper is to inquire into the causes of observed degradation and define a general plan of intervention which associates processes controlling the development of the phenomena with appropriate repair technologies facilitating treatment of the most urgent cases of damage. The first problem noted is clearly erosion. To natural erosion must be added the effects of localized erosion resulting from increasing tourism on the site. The second difficulty is to be seen in fissuring and fracturing in the soft rock, a volcanic tuff. Treatment of fissures in domes involves complete covering of the rock. Also, it must be noted that low-pressure injection grouting with a product suitable for the fissures would assure water-tightness of the monument and restore to the massif its monolithic stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To determine the origin of juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) that occupy the Charleston Harbor Entrance Channel at Charleston, South Carolina, USA, mitochondrial DNA restriction-fragment length polymorphisms from this feeding population were compared to haplotypes from candidate nesting populations. Previous studies have defined two major nesting populations in the southeastern USA, one corresponding to Florida and the other to Georgia/South Carolina. These nesting populations are distinguished by both unique haplotypes and frequency distributions of common haplotypes. The frequency distribution of haplotypes in the juvenile feeding-ground population was significantly different from both nesting populations, implying that the feeding aggregate is drawn from two or more nesting populations. Assuming that these turtles are derived exclusively from rookeries in the southeastern USA, a maximum likelihood estimator indicates that approximately half are from the Florida rookery and half are from the northern (Georgia/South Carolina) rookery complex. Because 91% of nesting in the southeastern USA occurs in Florida rookeries and 8% in the northern complex, the 50:50 ratio indicates that juvenile turtles from Georgia and South Carolina tend to feed preferentially near their respective rookery locations. Human encroachment on this feeding habitat may pose an especially high risk to the smaller Georgia/South Carolina rookeries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Migratory marine turtles are extremely difficult to track between their feeding and nesting areas, and the link between juvenile and adult habitats is generally unknown. To assess the composition of a feeding ground (FG) population of juvenile green turtles (Cheloniamydas Linnaeus), mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were examined in 80 post-pelagic individuals (straight carapace length = 31 to 67 cm) sampled in September 1992 from Great Inagua, Bahamas, and compared to those of 194 individuals from nine Atlantic and Mediterranean nesting colonies. Evidence from genetic markers, haplotype frequencies, and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses are concordant in indicating that multiple colonies contribute to the Bahamian FG population. ML analyses suggested that most Bahamian FG juveniles originated in the western (79.5%) and eastern (12.9%) Caribbean regions, and these proportions are roughly comparable to the size of candidate rookeries. These data support a life-cycle model in which individuals become pooled in post-hatchling (pelagic) and juvenile (benthic) habitats as a consequence of ocean currents and movement among FGs. A substantial harvest of immature turtles on their feeding pastures will influence the reproductive success of contributing nesting populations over a wide geographic scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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