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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masking of sperm maturation antigen by sialic acid in the epididymis of the mouse (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 90 (1988), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sperm antigen expression during epididymal transit was examined in 4- to 16-week-old intact and castrated ICR mice, using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibody T21 against a flagellar surface antigen. On untreated sections, the antigen was first expressed weakly on sperm in the proximal part of the corpus epididymis, and intraluminal components were stained in 4-week-old mice. Epididymal epithelial cells and their stereocilia, and cells in other reproductive organs were not stained. In contrast, on sections treated with neuramainidase, (1) the initial site of antigen appearance is a more proximal position in treated than in untreated sections, (2) stereocilia stained strongly, (3) the staining intensity of sperm and intraluminal components increased, and (4) some clear cells in the epithelium from the distal position of the caput to the corpus epididymis were stained. These results indicate that the antigen is produced by clear cells of the epididymal epithelium, that the antigenic determinant is masked initially by sialic acid residues, and that expression of the antigenic determinant on the sperm surface during epididymal maturation apparently involves desialylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492507
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The STR polymorphisms in intron 8 may provide information about the molecular evolution of RH haplotypes (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 104 (1999), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We identified simple-sequence repeat polymorphisms in intron 8 of the RHD and RHCE genes, both of which contained the 5-bp repeat unit (AAAAT)n. We analyzed the polymorphisms of this short tandem repeat (STR) in 104 Japanese RhD-positive and 124 RhD-negative (87 RHD gene negative and 37 nonfunctional RHD gene positive) donors by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent typing by electrophoresis and silver staining. We found five alleles (10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 repeats) in the RHD gene and four (7, 8, 9, and 10 repeats) in the RHCE gene. The Rh phenotypes were closely associated with polymorphisms of the STR. The Ce allele had 12 repeats in the RHD gene and 9 repeats in the RHCE gene at high frequency. The cE allele frequently had 10–12 repeats in the RHD gene and 10 repeats in the RHCE gene. The 10 repeats in the RHCE gene were identified exclusively in the 87 RHD gene-negative donors and 9 repeats were identified only in those with the RhC antigen. These results indicate that both haplotypes of dce and dcE arose from single RHD gene deletion and recombination events, respectively. In the 37 RhD-negative donors with a nonfunctional RHD gene, 12 repeats in the RHD gene and 9 repeats in the RHCE gene were frequently observed. Thus, the RhD-negative with a nonfunctional RHD gene combination might have arisen from the DCe haplotype via a mutation that abolished RHD gene expression. These findings suggest that the STR polymorphisms might shed light upon the molecular evolution of RH haplotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050958
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of carriers of mutant prealbumin gene associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I by Southern blot procedures: study of six pedigrees in the Arao district of Japan (1986)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 73 (1986), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty-six Japanese individuals from six pedigrees with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), together with 2 individuals with symptomatic FAP from an unknown pedigree were analyzed, using the Southern blot procedures for the prealbumin gene structure. A human prealbumin cDNA was used as the probe. Altogether, these individuals included 20 with symptomatic FAP, 30 who were asymptomatic, and 8 disease-free spouses. Twenty individuals with symptomatic FAP were all heterozygous for the prealbumin genes, carrying one normal and one mutant gene. We confirmed the direct linkage between the mutant prealbumin gene and the Japanese type of FAP. Moreover, 10 of the 30 asymptomatic individuals from pedigrees with FAP were also heterozygous for the prealbumin gene. The number of asymptomatic individuals with the mutant prealbumin gene showed age-related decreases, and none was over 40 years. A linkage between the mutant prealbumin gene and serum levels of the prealbumin variant was also evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279086
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro propagation, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of Angelica plants (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAngelica ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA ; Ligustilide ; In vitro propagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Angelica acutiloba, a medicinal plant used as a natural medicine Touki, was clonally propagated through axillary buds in vitro. No substantial differences were found in the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern between the original A. acutiloba and the plant propagated in vitro, suggesting no changes in the DNA sequences and structure during in vitro propagation. The genetic similarities of several Angelica plants were investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RAPD analyses. The RFLP and RAPD patterns of A. sinensis Diels were substantially different from those of A. acutiloba. Using ten different restriction enzymes, no RFLP was observed in the varieties of A. acutiloba. By RAPD analysis, A. acutiloba varieties can be classified into two major subgroups, i.e., A. acutiloba Kitagawa and A. acutiloba Kitagawa var. sugiyamae Hikino. The varieties of A. acutiloba Kitagawa in Japan and Angelica spp. in northeast China exhibited a very close genetic relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050554
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometric determination of pheophytin in photosystem II of oxygenic photosynthesis (1986)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 9 (1986), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: chlorophyll ; pheophytin ; photochemical reaction center II ; photosystem II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pheophytin and chlorophyll extracted from oxygen-evolving photosystem II particles, chloroplast thylakoids and cyanobacterial cells were separated by column chromatography with DEAE-Toyopearl, and quantitatively determined by spectrophotometry. The molecular ratio of chlorophyll a+b to pheophytin a was about 100 in spinach photosystem II particles and about 140 in spinach thylakoids. Using flash spectrophotometry of P680 and measurement of flash-induced oxygen yield, the molecular ratio of the chlorophyll to the photochemical reaction center II was determined to be about 200 in the photosystem II particles. These findings suggest that the stoichiometry in photosystem II particles is one reaction center II and two pheophytin a molecules per about 200 chlorophyll molecules. The same stoichiometry for pheophytin to the reaction center II was obtained in the cyanobacteria, Anacystis nidulans and Synechocystis PCC 6714. A quantitative determination of pheophytin a and the electron donor P700 in stroma thylakoids from pokeweed suggests that photosystem I does not contain pheophytin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029732
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistivity vs. Magnetic structure in multilayers (1992)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 68 (1992), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mössbauer spectroscopy has been applied to study the interface magnetic propertics of multilayers exhibiting large magnetoresistance (MR) effects; Fe/Cr and Cu/Co/Cu/Fe. The temperature dependence of the local magnetization for the interface atom layers is found to be much smaller than that of the MR effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396503
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appearance of an intra-acrosomal antigen during the terminal step of spermiogenesis in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intra-acrosomal protein ; Monoclonal antibody ; Acrosome development ; Spermiogenesis ; Intracellular transport ; Testis ; Rat (Wistar) ; Mouse (ICR, BALB/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a survey of sperm antigens in the rat, a new intra-acrosomal antigen was found using a monoclonal antibody MC41 raised against rat epididymal spermatozoa. The MC41 was immunoglobulin G1 and recognized spermatozoa from rat, mouse and hamster. Indirect immunofluorescence with MC41 specifically stained the crescent region of the anterior acrosome of the sperm head. Immuno-gold electron microscopy demonstrated that the antigen was localized within the acrosomal matrix. Immunoblot study showed that MC41 recognized a band of approximately 165000 dalton in the extract of rat sperm from the cauda epididymidis. Immunohistochemistry with MC41 demonstrated that the antigen was first detected in approximately step-2 spermatids, and distributed over the entire cytoplasmic region of spermatids from step 2 to early step 19. The head region became strongly stained in late step-19 spermatids and then in mature spermatozoa. Distinct immunostaining was not found in the developing acrosome of spermatids throughout spermiogenesis. These results suggest that the MC41 antigen is a unique intra-acrosomal antigen which is accumulated into the acrosome during the terminal step of spermiogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302956
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extra-Golgi pathway of an acrosomal antigen during spermiogenesis in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 451-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intra-acrosomal protein ; Acrosome development ; Extra-Golgi pathway ; Spermiogenesis ; Immunoelectron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody (MC41) was produced that specifically recognizes a sperm acrosomal antigen of approximately 165000 dalton in the rat. Rat testis was examined using a pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique to reveal the pathway of the MC41 antigen to the acrosome during spermiogenesis. The MC41 immunoreaction appeared in several organelles of spermatids in a stage-specific manner: (1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) throughout spermiogenesis, (2) in the outer acrosomal membrane from steps 9 to 19, (3) as a weak immunoreaction in the vesicular structures in the acrosomal matrix from steps 11 to 17, and (4) as a strong immunoreaction in the acrosomal matrix especially at the terminal step of spermiogenesis (step 19). However, no immunoreaction was observed in the Golgi region throughout spermiogenesis. These results suggest that the pathway of the MC41 antigen leads firstly from the ER to the outer acrosomal membrane and secondly to the acrosomal matrix. This pathway does not involve the Golgi apparatus and is referred to as the “extra-Golgi pathway”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645046
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody MN9: unique transport pathway to the equatorial segment of sperm head during spermiogenesis (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 459-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Acrosome ; Equatorial segment of spermatozoa ; Transport pathway ; Spermiogenesis ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Mouse (BALB/c; CD-1; ICR) ; Rat (Wistar) ; Golden hamster-Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary MN9, a monoclonal antibody raised against mouse spermatozoa, specifically recognizes the equatorial segment of sperm head in several mammalian species, including humans. Colloidal gold-immuno-electron microscopy of mouse spermatozoa has shown that the antigen is localized in the space between the outer and inner acrosome membranes and on the acrosome membranes at the equatorial segment. Immunoblotting after electrophoresis of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis has identified two immunoreactive bands: 38 kDa and 48 kDa in mouse, and 48 kDa in rat. During spermiogenesis in rat, this antigen is transported to the equatorial segment via a unique pathway, first appearing in some cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus of spermatids at around step 3. The antigen can further be found on the vesicles at thetrans-side of the Golgi apparatus, in the matrix of the head cap, and on the head cap membrane in step-4 to step-7 spermatids. The antigen appears to be concentrated at the equatorial segment during late spermiogenesis. Neither the (pro-)acrosomic granule nor the surrounding membrane are required in this pathway. This pathway can be termed the ‘Golgi-head cap tract’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645047
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-acrosomal organization of a 90-kilodalton antigen during spermiogenesis in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Acrosome development ; Antigen localization ; Intra-acrosomal migration ; Golgi apparatus ; Spermiogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of an acrosomal protein was studied using a monoclonal antibody MN7 raised against mouse spermatozoa. MN7 specifically recognized the anterior acrosome of several mammalian (mouse, rat, hamster) spermatozoa fixed with paraformaldehyde. An immunoblot study with periodate treatment showed that MN7 recognized a carbohydrate region of a 90 kDa protein in an extract of mouse and rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The change in distribution of the MN7 antigen during acrosome development was investigated in the rat testis using the pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique. The antigen first appeared in the proacrosomic granules of spermatids in steps 1–2. Small vesicles adjacent to the outer acrosomal membrane and the developing acrosomic system were immunoreactive during steps 4–7. The majority of the antigen was then redistributed to the head-cap portion during steps 8–18, and finally restricted to the anterior acrosome in the step 19-spermatid. These results suggest that the antigen is transported to the acrosome by way of the vesicles that originate from the Golgi apparatus during early spermiogenesis, and are then delivered to the final destination within the acrosome by the intra-acrosomal migration during late spermiogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303081
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