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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Glomus etunicatum ; Glomus scintillans ; Intrasplenic immunization ; Immunogold-silver staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against surface antigens of chlamydospores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi by immunizing mice with crushed or complete spores. The intrasplenic approach proved to be superior to the intraperitoneal method of immunization with regard to the amount of antigen required for the immune response. The hybridoma technology was combined with an improved screening procedure, applying an immunogold-silver staining technique to semi-thin sections of spores. In this way, mAbs to surface antigens on the outer wall could be selected. Two mAbs were raised against Glomus etunicatum and G. scintillans spores. Cross-reactivities of the antibodies to other structures of the fungus, to other species of Glomus and to other soil-borne fungi were tested with indirect immunofluorescent labelling. The mAbs did not react with non-AM fungi. One mAb (A5B1) selectively recognized G. etunicatum, another (D12F11) exhibited limited interspecies cross-reactivities. One further mAb (H8F7), which reacted with spores of all AM fungi but not with other fungi, was shown to be specific for Bacillus mycoides. The implications are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 33 (1971), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The existing methods to solve the problems of pulsatile flow in the cardiovascular system are based on either linear axisymmetric equations or non-linear one-dimensional equations. The solutions thus obtained give only a mediocre comparison with measurements. In this paper, a non-linear axisymmetric theory is proposed. The starting point of the present theory is a third degree polynomial representation of the velocity profile. Integral methods are then applied to obtain the governing equations. To ascertain the accuracy of the theory proposed above, the calculations for a simple case involving pulsatile flow in a long rigid tube were performed. The results are: (a) the average velocities compare very well with exact solutions and (b) the velocity profiles for a given frequency agree very well with exact solutions for flow in small tubes, but tend to differ as tube size is increased.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 79 (1990), S. 603-610 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The magnetic anomalies in the surroundings of the DEKORP 2-N profile — within a rectangle of 230 km N-S and 170 km E-W — are interpreted by a two-layer model where the shape of an interface between an upper nonmagnetic and a lower magnetized layer can be determined. The depth and the amplitudes of the vertical undulations of the interface may vary within certain intervals. Along the DEKORP profile in its Rhenohercynian portion this interface is adjusted to the seismic results by fitting the interface to a weakly reflecting band observed in the seismic section. Thereby the depth of the corresponding zone within the Earth's crust can be extrapolated from the profile line into the surrounding area.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans la région voisine du profil DEKORP 2-N, soit dans un rectangle de 230 KM N-S sur 170 km E-W, les anomalies magnétiques sont interprétées par un modèle à deux couches; ce modèle permet de définir la forme d'une interface séparant une couche supérieure non magnétique et une couche inférieure magnétique. La profondeur moyenne et l'amplitude des ondulations de cette surface varient entre certaines limites. Le long de la partie du profil DEKORP qui traverse la zone rhénohercynienne, cette interface a été ajustée aux résultats sismiques, par correspondance avec une zone à faible réflexion fournie par le profil. A partir de là, la profondeur de la zone correspondante peut être extrapolée à partir du profil vers les régions voisines.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die magnetischen Anomalien in der Umgebung des Profils DEKORP 2-N — innerhalb eines Rechtecks mit 230 km N-S- und 170 km E-W-Erstreckung — wurden interpretiert mit Hilfe eines Zwei-Schichten-Modells. Mit dem angewandten Verfahren kann die Form einer Trennfläche zwischen einer oberen unmagnetischen und einer unteren magnetisierten Schicht bestimmt werden. Die mittlere Tiefe und die Amplituden der Tiefenvariationen der Trennfläche können in gewissen Bereichen schwanken. Diese Trennfläche wurde entlang dem DEKORP-Profil innerhalb des Rhenoherzynikums an die seismischen Ergebnisse ↭gepaßt, indem der Vertikalschnitt der Trennfläche mit einem reflektionsarmen Band in der seismischen Sektion zur Deckung gebracht wurde. Auf diese Weise kann die Tiefe der entsprechenden Zone in der Erdkruste von der Profillinie in die umgebende Fläche extrapoliert werden.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX) is a peripheral nerve disorder that has been linked to mutations in the connexin 32 gene (Cx32). These mutations have been shown to be genetically heterogeneous, though recurrences of specific mutations in apparently unrelated families have been seen. The majority of mutations have been shown to be missense, resulting in non-conservative amino acid changes. A few mutations resulting in a premature termination of protein translation, including both nonsense mutations as well as frameshifting microdeletions, have been documented. We would like to report a deletion mutation that appears to eliminate the entire coding sequence of the Cx32 gene, but which has been shown to segregate with a clinical phenotype not unlike that seen in individuals with a less severe alteration of the Cx32 gene. The causes at a cellular level of the CMTX phenotype are still not fully clear, though there has been speculation that these may involve a dominant negative effect where the mutant connexin 32 suppresses the function of other connexins. Studies of kindreds such as this, where in CMTX-affected males the Cx32 gene product is totally absent, will help us to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical phenotype associated with this disorder.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 257 (1979), S. 959-967 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The mechanism of demulsification of 30% Nujol-70 % water emulsions with various surfactants has been studied using a Coulter Counter to monitor the particle size at various depths in the cream layer as a function of time of centrifugation. It was found that the cream layer is stratified with varying sizes of oil globules along the centrifuge cell. Coalescence of the oil globules occurs throughout the body of the cream as well as at the bulk oil-cream interface at high concentrations of Tween 80, and Sponto 221 emulsions whereas the bulk oil-cream interface is found to be the major site of coalescence at lower concentrations of Tween 80 and Gantrez AN 119 emulsions. The globule size at the bulk oil-cream interface reaches a plateau (“steady state” particle size), and subsequently the rate of oil separation decreases considerably in all cases. The “steady state” particle size is a function of the concentration of Tween 80, the particle size increasing with increase in concentration of Tween 80.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 913-918 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunochemistry ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Glomus ; surface antigens ; monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The difficult systematics of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) forming-fungi, belonging to the Glomales, can be facilitated with immunochemical methods. Polyclonal antibodies, however, are seldom able to reach below the generic level. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been produced which can differentiate AM fungal spores on the species and strain/isolate level. Together with an improved enrichment procedure for spores and hyphae of AM fungi, isolation and identification of the extraradical structures is possible with these mAb, lowering the risk of unspecific binding. Quantification of the data is discussed as the next step.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: pteroylglutamicacid ; brush border membranevesicles ; folate-hydroxyl-antiporter ; diffusion ; Pteroylglutaminsäure ; Bürstensaum-Membranvesikel ; Folat-Hydroxyl-Antiporter ; Diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der transmembranäre Transport von PteGlu wurde mittels BBMV aus Rattendünndarm untersucht. Der Transport war weder an einen spezifischen Kationengradienten gekoppelt noch durch Veränderungen des Membranpotentials zu beeinflussen. In Gegenwart eines transmembranären pH-Gradienten (pHout 〈 pHin) waren die initialen Transportraten signifikant höher als in Versuchen ohne pH-Gradient. Unter diesen Bedingungen war der Transport zu inhibieren, wenn die BBMV mit DIDS, einem Hemmstoff von Anionenaustauschsystemen, vorbehandelt wurden. Die Aufnahme von PteGlu war nicht erhöht, wenn die BBMV mit HPO 4 2− und Cl− vorbeladen wurden. Unter diesen Bedingungen hatte auch DIDS keinen hemmenden Effekt. Studien zur konzentrationsabhängigen Aufnahme ergaben eine duale Transportcharakteristik in Anwesenheit eines pH-Gradienten und eine lineare Aufnahme in Abwesenheit eines pH-Gradienten. Hieraus ist zu schließen, daß die Aufnahme von PteGlu bei niedrigen Substratkonzentrationen mittels eines PteGlu−/OH−-Antiporters vermittelt wird. Bei höheren Konzentrationen oder in Abwesenheit eines pH-Gradienten erfolgt die Aufnahme hingegen durch nichtionische Diffusion. In einer zusätzlichen Versuchsserie konnte gezeigt werden, daß ein Drittel des Substrates nicht transportiert, sondern an die BBM gebunden wird. Die biologische Bedeutung dieser Bindung bleibt unklar.
    Notes: Summary Intestinal transport of PteGlu was studied using BBMV from rat small intestine. Transport was neither coupled to a specific cation gradient nor was it influenced by variations of the membrane potential. In the presence of a transmembrane pH gradient (pHout 〈 pHin) initial transport was significantly higher compared to studies without pH gradient. Under these conditions transport could be inhibited by pretreating the vesicles with DIDS, an inhibitor of anion exchange systems. Uptake of PteGlu could not be enhanced by preloading the BBMV with HPO 4 2− and Cl− and was not sensitive to DIDS under these conditions. Uptake studies using different concentrations of PteGlu revealed dual transport kinetics in the presence of a pH gradient and linear uptake in its absence. It could be concluded that uptake is mediated by a PteGlu−/OH−-antiporter at low substrate concentrations and occurs by non-ionic diffusion at higher concentrations or in the absence of a pH gradient. In an additional series of experiments it could be shown that about one-third of the substrate is bound to the membrane and is not transported. The biological significance of this binding remains unclear.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 93 (1993), S. 611-616 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We are developing a low temperature detector for dark matter based on single crystal superconducting Nb. This work requires a detailed knowledge of the behaviour of phonons and quasiparticles in Nb which arise from particle interactions. We discuss the use of superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) and series connected arrays of superconducting tunnel junctions (SASTJs) to detect the high energy phonon flux arising from laser and particle interactions. The signal shapes and their variation with temperature for Al-Ox-Al and Sn-Ox-Sn junctions are discussed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Differentiation between types of particle interactions in single crystals may be achieved by detecting variation in the frequency distribution of phonons produced. Homogeneous superconducting tunnel junctions of a range of materials can be used to probe phonon distributions above different energy thresholds. The apparent decay times of high energy phonons (and consequently the time evolution of non-equilibrium signals) become significantly altered by the existence of the thermal phonon background. We have developed a model of the behaviour of phonon distributions and studied the way in which initially non-equilibrium distributions (superimposed on thermal distributions) thermalise. Good agreement has been observed between our model and the results obtained with superconducting tunnel junctions observing the phonon flux from laser excitations on Nb single crystals.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 93 (1993), S. 521-532 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of a nuclear particle or X-ray with a superconductor leads to the breaking of Cooper pairs and the creation of excess phonons and quasiparticles. The basic physics and the use of superconducting tunnel junctions as detectors of excess quasiparticles are reviewed. For superconducting absorbers of appreciable mass intrinsic limitations require the use of the phenomenon of quasiparticle trapping. The relaxation phonons released in the trapping process can also be detected and they can lead to amplification via further pair breaking. Superconducting tunnel junctions can also detect phonons produced by particle interactions in a substrate absorber. The use of series-connected arrays of junctions to achieve high sensitivity and good energy resolution is discussed.
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