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  • Articles  (31)
  • Springer  (31)
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  • Articles  (31)
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 15 (1971), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 15 (1971), S. 268-272 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 112 (1987), S. 425-433 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Bulk and surface nitrogen levels of compression-molded samples of polyacrylonitrile, poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile), poly(methacrylonitrile), polycaprolactam, polyimide, and a cured epoxy resin (EPON 828 — JEFFAMINE T-403, 100:50) were determined, respectively, by 14 MeV NAA (14N(n,2n)13N) and by analysis of proton tracks registered in cellulose nitrate detectors (CN85) as a result of their exposure to protons from the termal neutron induced reaction,14N(n,p)14C. Except for a few polymers, agreement of results obtained for nitrogen levels in the bulk and surface regions is within expected limits. Intrinsic limitations of the method for practical determinations of nitrogen are covered. The spatial homogeneity of materials consisting of nitrogen and non-nitrogen containing segments is easily determined by image analysis of proton track densities. These data are then used to construct nitrogen distribution plots and topographical maps. The potential ability of the proton track image analysis technique for distinguishing phase separation or immiscibility of nitrogen containing polymers is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 13 (1973), S. 1-54 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mechanistic principles from engineering, meteorology, and soil physics are integrated with ecology and physiology to develop models for prediction of animal behavior. The Mojave Desert biome and the desert iguana are used to illustrate these principles. A transient energy balance model for animals in an outdoor environment is presented. The concepts and relationships have been tested in a wind tunnel, in a simulated desert, and in the field. The animal model requires anatomical information and knowledge of the thermoregulatory responses of the animal. The micrometeorological model requires only basic meteorological parameters and two soil physical properties as inputs. Tests of the model in the field show agreement between predicted and measured temperatures above and below the surface of about 2 to 3°C. The animal and micrometeorological models are combined to predict daily and seasonal activity patterns, available times for predator-prey interaction, and daily, seasonal and annual requirements for food and water. It is shown that food, water and the thermal environment can limit animal activity, and furthermore, the controlling limit changes with season. Actual observations of activity patterns and our predictions show close agreement, in many cases, and pose intriguing questions in those situations where agreement does not exist. This type of modeling can be used to further study predator-prey interactions, to study how changes in the environment might affect animal behavior, and to answer other important ecological and physiological questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 138 (1954), S. 381-393 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The role of crystal imperfections in the formation of the latent image in large crystals of silver bromide has now been established by experimental work. The internal latent image is formed by the separation of silver along dislocation lines associated with strained regions of the crystal and with the boundaries of the polyhedral substructure. Chemical sensitizing agents are adsorbed and react preferentially at the surfaces of regions of strain and imperfection in the crystals. Non-reacting sensitizing molecules are also adsorbed in the same regions because of the higher density of kink sites associated with them. This means that the chemical sensitizers are concentrated at the surfaces of strained and imperfect parts of the crystal where positive holes and electrons liberated during exposure are most likely to be trapped. It is postulated that the trapping of the holes occurs before that of the electrons and leaves the surface with a positive charge due to an excess of silver ions. The bromine atoms formed by the trapping of the holes by bromide ions occupying kink sites combine with atoms or molecules of sensitizers. The silver ions ultimately attach themselves to nuclei consisting of one or two metallic atoms and these positively charged aggregates then combine with the electrons. In this way larger aggregates are formed which may become positively charged in equilibrium with the silver ions of the crystal and act as development centres. With some molecular sensitizers, it is possible that a surface latent image is produced by the internal rearrangement of the molecule without the actual liberation of electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 20 (1990), S. 1523-1524 
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 87 (1985), S. 65-75 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Determination of Boron in Glass by the Nuclear Track Technique The nuclear track technique using the10B(nα)7Li reaction, has been applied to determine boron in concentration ranges (1.59 to 7.75%) ordinarily considered high for nuclear determinations. Factors limiting the overall precision of the method and restricting the linear dependence of track density on boron concentration are examined. Boron alpha track densities are used to construct planar profiles of boron distribution within the surface region of bulk glass and CVD films. Calibration curves for quantitative lateral profiling of surfaces are constructed and show the selective corrosion of borosilicate glass surface resulting in boron depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 81 (1983), S. 253-261 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Homogenität von Borsilikatglas sowie die Verteilung des Bors wurde unter Verwendung thermischer Neutronenaktivierung und Alphateilchenzählung untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Borbestimmungsmethoden wurden große Probenbereiche mikroskopisch charakterisiert. Die Eignung dieses Verfahrens wurde sowohl für kleine Probenmengen erwiesen wie auch für optische Fasern.
    Notes: Summary The microscale compositional homogeneity and distribution of boron as a major constituent of borosilicate glass has been examined using thermal neutron activation with alpha track counting. In contrast to most other methods capable of detecting boron, large sample areas have been microscopically characterized. Applicability to compositional profiling of boron within small samples has been demonstrated as well with examples of optical fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 83 (1984), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die selektive Abtrennung von Fluorid aus 50% igem Dimethylsulfoxid in Wasser durch substöchiometrische Verdrängungsreaktion mit Triphenylzinnchlorid und Extraktion in Chloroform wurde ausgearbeitet. Auf ±2,5% genaue substöchiometrische Trennungen von Fluorid in Gegenwart von Bromid, Chlorid, Jodid, Nitrat, Rhodanid oder Sulfat wurden durchgeführt. Die Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens für die radiochemische Abtrennung bei der Aktivierungsanalyse wurde an Beispielen von bestrahltem Ammoniumfluorid, Fluorwasserstoffsäure und mit18F markiertem Natrium-bzw. Magnesiumfluorid gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Bestimmung der Radioisotop-Verdünnung zeigen einen Fehler von ±2,1% für Fluoridmengen von 0,76±0,044 mg.
    Notes: Summary A unique method has been developed for the selective separation of fluoride from a 50% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) aqueous phase via Substoichiometric replacement reaction with triphenyl-tin chloride and extraction into chloroform. Precise (±2.5%) Substoichiometric separations of fluoride in the presence of bromide, chloride, iodide, nitrate, thiocyanate, or sulfate have been accomplished. Applicability of the method for radionuclide separations in activation analysis is demonstrated via the examples of irradiated ammonium fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, and18F isotope labeled sodium and magnesium fluorides. Results for quantitative radioisotope dilution determinations show an error of ±2.1% for a fluoride level of 0.761±0.044 mg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 110 (1987), S. 235-243 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of nitrogen in plasma deposited silicon nitride films and in commercially produced, hot-pressed bulk material has been determined by the nuclear (proton) track image analysis technique. The nuclear track technique is shown to have the unique capability of sampling large areas (cm2) while providing distribution information on the micro scale (100 μm2). Nitrogen over the range of 2 to 40% is determined quantitatively. Spatial distribution and topographical maps are plotted. The overall composition of the material is established by 14 MeV NAA through the determinations of silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen. An application in the micro electronic industry is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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