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  • Articles  (34)
  • Springer  (34)
  • 1995-1999  (34)
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  • Articles  (34)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of onion (Allium cepa) root exudates on the hyphal growth of Gigaspora margarita (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1995), S. 57-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Gigaspora margarita ; Allium cepa ; Phosphorus ; Root exudate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of root exudates from onions differing in P status on spore germination and hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was investigated. Onion (Allium cepa) was grown in solution culture at different phosphorus concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, 8.0 and 24.0 mg P l–1) and root exudates were collected. When spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora margarita were incubated with these root exudates, spore germination was only slightly affected but hyphal growth was greatly affected, particularly with exudates from P-deficient plants. This suggests that the P nutrition of host plants influences the composition of root exudates and thereby the hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050106
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of neutral wind on the electron temperature at a height of 600 km in the low latitude region (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Electron temperature observed by the Hinotori satellite with the low inclination at the height of \sim600 km was studied in terms of local time, season, latitude, magnetic declination and solar flux intensity during a 16-month period from 1981 to 1982. The electron temperatures show steep rise in the early morning (well known as morning overshoot), decrease after that and again increase at \sim18 hours (hereafter named as evening overshoot). Generally the morning overshoot becomes more enhanced in the winter hemisphere and for higher solar fluxes. The evening overshoot becomes more pronounced in the mid-latitude in all seasons and more enhanced in the winter hemisphere in the same way as the morning overshoot. A difference is seen between 210°-285° and 285°-360° longitudes where magnetic declination is different. The longitudinal dependence of electron temperature indicates that the neutral wind also contributes to the thermal structure in the low latitude ionosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0290-5
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic synthesis of terpenyl esters by transesterification with fatty acid vinyl esters as acyl donors by Trichosporon fermentans lipase (1997)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1997), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Citronellyl ester ; fatty acid vinyl ester ; geranyl ester ; lipase ; transesterification ; Trichosporon fermentans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Enzymatic synthesis of terpenyl esters by esterification or transesterification with fatty acid vinyl esters as acyl donors by celite-adsorbed lipase of Trichosporon fermentans was investigated. In direct esterification of geraniol, the lipase showed high reactivity toward fatty acids with carbon chains longer than C-8, but little reactivity toward fatty acids with shorter chains. With fatty acid vinyl esters as acyl donors, the lipase catalysed the synthesis of geranyl and citronellyl esters with carbon chains shorter than C-6 in with yields of 〉90% molar conversion. Time course, effects of added water, temperature and substrate concentration were studied for the synthesis of geranyl acetate. Molar conversion yield reached 97.5% after 5 h incubation at 30–40°C with the addition of 3% water. In this reaction, no inhibition by substrates such as geraniol and vinyl acetate was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008882113333
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamate induces Cl− and K+ currents in the olfactory interneurons of a terrestrial slug (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 184 (1999), S. 553-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Terrestrial slug ; Procerebrum ; Glutamate receptors ; Quisqualate ; Ibotenate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutamate-induced responses in the procerebral neurons of the terrestrial slug Limax marginatus were examined using the nystatin-perforated patch recording technique applied in the voltage-clamp mode and local application of drugs. The procerebrum contains two types of interneurons with different spontaneous activities, bursting and nonbursting neurons. In the bursting neurons, a puff of glutamate evoked a rapidly desensitizing current followed by a smaller sustained current. The reversal potential of the early component showed that the current was mediated by Cl− ions, while the late component was presumed to be mediated by K+ ions. In the nonbursting neurons, glutamate evoked a sustained current with a strong outward rectification, and the current was mediated by K+ ions. Ibotenate selectively evoked the rapidly desensitizing response in the bursting neurons, whereas quisqualate evoked a non-desensitizing K+ current both in the bursting and nonbursting neurons. The glutamate-induced K+ current had similar characteristics with the spontaneous synaptic activities in the procerebrum neurons, suggesting the possibility that glutamate receptors are involved in the spontaneous oscillatory activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050355
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization via an ultrashort high-power KrF laser (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 65 (1997), S. 475-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 32.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050299
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of LGA to solve mixing in a simplified stirred tank by a parallel computer (1999)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 23 (1999), S. 182-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Application of lattice gas automaton (LGA) to engineering will be examined by dealing with mixing of two component flow without chemical reaction in a simplified stirred tank. In mechanical engineering, it is important to know quality and accumulation rate of products which depend essentially on mixing of raw materials. Mixing is usually formulated by partial differential equations of conservation laws and empirical formulae, and solved numerically by derived finite difference equations. LGA will be capable of calculating the fine structure of time-dependent interfacial behavior mesoscopically, since this has advantages of describing pattern formation of mixture in detail and is good at parallel computation. Parallel computation must now be a selected issue to determine whether LGA is applicable to practical problems. Computing power intends us to approach complex flow by new concept. This means that days of pure fluid dynamics are over and chemical process, phase change, material behavior must now be taken into account. The present example can described as a numerically intensive parallel computing problem as far as the number of PEs is increased up to 32 in the present numerical experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050399
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft computing for the intelligent robust control of a robotic unicycle with a new physical measure for mechanical controllability (1998)
    Springer
    Soft computing 2 (1998), S. 73-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7479
    Keywords: Key words Biomechanical model ; Soft computing algorithms ; Intelligent robot unicycle ; Robust control ; Posture stability ; Controllability ; Fuzzy control ; Entropy measure of controllability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract  The posture stability and driving control of a human-riding-type unicycle have been realized. The robot unicycle is considered as a biomechanical system using an internal world representation with a description of emotion, instinct and intuition mechanisms. We introduced intelligent control methods based on soft computing and confirmed that such an intelligent control and biological instinct as well as intuition together with a fuzzy inference is very important for emulating human behaviors or actions. Intuition and instinct mechanisms are considered as global and local search mechanisms of the optimal solution domains for an intelligent behavior and can be realized by genetic algorithms (GA) and fuzzy neural networks (FNN) accordingly. For the fitness function of the GA, a new physical measure as the minimum entropy production for a description of the intelligent behavior in a biological model is introduced. The calculation of robustness and controllability of the robot unicycle is presented. This paper provides a general measure to estimate the mechanical controllability qualitatively and quantitatively, even if any control scheme is applied. The measure can be computed using a Lyapunov function coupled with the thermodynamic entropy change. Interrelation between Lyapunov function (stability condition) and entropy production of motion (controllability condition) in an internal biomechanical model is a mathematical background for the design of soft computing algorithms for the intelligent control of the robotic unicycle. Fuzzy simulation and experimental results of a robust intelligent control motion for the robot unicycle are discussed. Robotic unicycle is a new Benchmark of non-linear mechatronics and intelligent smart control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005000050036
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-dimensional shock wave interaction with rubber and low-porosity foam (1995)
    Springer
    Shock waves 5 (1995), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Low-porosity foam ; Shock-foam interaction ; Environmental problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract One-dimensional interaction between a planar shock wave and a rubber or low-porosity foam is investigated experimentally and numerically. The considered polyurethane foam is of high density (ρ c=290 kg/m3) and lowporosity (ϕ=0.76), and this corresponds to an intermediate condition between rubber and high-porosity foam. Stress-strain relations for the low-porosity foam are investigated by machine tests, which show larger deformation against compressive force and higher non-linearity in stress-strain curve as compared with rubber. Also the low-porosity foam shows a hysteresis cycle. Experiments on shock wave-foam interactions are conducted by using a shock tube. Experimental time history of the surface stress of the foam at the end of the shock tube does not show shock type stress increase, but continuous excessive stress rise can be seen, and then dumping vibration approaching to gas dynamic pressure of the reflected shock wave is followed, and the highest stress amounts about 3∼4 times of the pressure after the reflected gas dynamic shock wave. Interactive motions of gas and the low-porosity foam are analyzed using the Lagrangean coordinates system. An elastic model for a low-porosity foam is assumed to be a single elastic material with the measured stress-strain relation. Results of numerical simulations are compared with the shock tube experiments, which show essentially same stress variations with experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425033
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of dangling-bond wires fabricated on the Si(100)-2×1-H surface (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. S695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 73.20.At; 73.61.-r; 61.16.Ch; 68.35.Bs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051224
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy distribution of photoelectrons generated from highly charged ions in a circularly polarized intense laser field (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We observed the energy distribution of the photoelectrons generated from the highly charged ions in the tunneling regime by using a circularly polarized Ti:Sapphire laser (745 nm, 100 fs). The peaks for each successive charge state up to Ar3+, Kr4+, and Xe5+ were clearly resolved, and the peaks due to higher charge states were flattened in the high-energy region and deviated from those predicted by the quasistatic model. This deviation is explained by pondero-motive acceleration in the strong field gradient. In Xe, Xe8+ was generated at a peak intensity of 2.0 × 1016 W/cm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090947
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