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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible compositional differences between Archean and Post Archean granulite terranes based on discriminant analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 54 (1995), S. 175-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von einem Datensatz mit 1685 Analysen granulitfazieller Gesteine wird eine durchschnittliche chemische Zusammensetzung für Granulite aus der unteren kontinentalen Kruste vorgeschlagen. Der Datensatz enthält sowohl archaische als auch postarchaische Granulite. Zur Untersuchung möglicher Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung von archaischen und postarchaischen Granuliten wurde die Diskriminanzanalyse verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen keinen eindeutigen Unterschied zwischen den beiden Altersgruppen, wenn man Hauptelemente, die SEE oder eine Kombination von (K2O, U, Th, Rb und Ba) anwendet. Eine Kombination aus (Cr, Ni, Zr, Nb, V und Co) erscheint jedoch vielversprechend. Die wesentliche Einschränkung besteht in der begrenzten Anzahl an chemischen Analysen, die alle Elemente für jede Kombination enthalten sowie in der Schwierigkeit, die grundsätzlichen Erfordernisse für die Anwendbarkeit der Diskriminanzanalyse, die die Anwendung weiterer numerischer Methoden für die Analyse der Ergebnisse erlauben würden, abschätzen zu können.
    Notes: Summary An average chemical composition is proposed for granulite terranes of the lower continental crust based on a data base of 1685 analyses of granulite facies rocks. Both Archean and Post-Archean granulites are included in the file. Discriminant analysis was used to study possible compositional differences between Archean and Post-Archean granulites. Results show no convincing difference between the two age groups using major elements, the REE, or a combination of (K2O, U, Th, Rb and Ba) however a combination of (Cr, Ni, Zr, Nb, V and Co) is promising. The main constraint is the limited number of chemical analyses which contain all the elements of each combination and the difficulty of evaluating the fundamental requirements for use of discriminant analysis which would permit more numerical methods of analyzing the results to be applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01162860
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry of ultramafic and calc-llkaline lamprophyres from the Lac Shortt area, Quebec (1991)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 45 (1991), S. 85-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Petrographische and geochemische Daten für den Lac Shortt Lamprophyr-Schwarm werden vorgelegt. Die primare mineralogische Zusammensetzung in allen Proben ist großteils entweder durch Umwandlung zur Zeit der Platznahme oder durch anschließende Metamorphose zerstört worden. Bei den meisten Gängen handelt es sich um ultramafische Lamprophyre. Extended trace element plots (ETP) für diese Gänge zeigen ein charakteristisches “Double Dome Pattern”, wobei ein Dom sich zwischen Sr und Zr und der andere zwischen Zr und Yb erstreckt. Ein ultramafischer Gang wurde für detaillierte Untersuchungen ausgewählt. Die ETP und seltenen Erdenkurven (REE) für die Analysen dieses Ganges sind im wesentlichen parallel, und weisen auf die relative Immobilität beider Elementgruppen während der anschließenden geologischen Entwicklung hin. Signifikante Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen den Elementen großer Feldstärke, wobei Phosphor als repräsentativer Vertreter benützt wurde, und den Hauptelementgehalten zeigt, daß auch diese relativ immobil waren. Pearces Plots und Analysen der Hauptkomponenten zeigen, daß Olivin und Apatit-Fraktionierung die chemische Variation über einen Gang bestimmt. Ein Plot von Nb Anomalien gegen Kieselsäure für präkambrische ultramafische und kalkaline Lamprophyre zeigt daß diese in einer Gruppe vorhanden sind, in der anderen fehlen. Ein kalk-alkaliner Lamprophyrgang aus der Lac Shortt Mine zeigt signifikante Nb-Verarmung bei ETP; dies weist darauf hin, daß Magmen mit niedrigem Si02-Gehalt Si02 = 35,85 Gew.% und chondrit-normalisiertes La = 1458) mit dieser Art von Lamprophyren in Beziehung gesetzt werden können.
    Notes: Summary Petrographic and geochemical data are presented for the Lac Shortt lamprophyre dyke swarm. The primary mineralogy in all samples has been largely destroyed either by alteration at the time of emplacement or by subsequent metamorphism. Most of the dykes are ultramafic lamprophyres. Extended trace element plots (ETP) for these dykes feature a characteristic double dome pattern, with one dome extending between Sr and Zr and the other between Zr and Yb. One ultramafic dyke was selected for detailed study. The ETP and rare earth element (REE) curves for the analyses of this dyke are essentially parallel, indicating the relative immobility of both groups of elements during the subsequent events. Significant correlation coefficients between the high field strength elements using phosphorus as representative of these elements, and the major element concentrations suggests that these were also relatively immobile. Pearce plots and principal component analyses reveal that olivine and apatite fractionation controlled the chemical variation across the control dyke. A plot of Nb anomalies against silica for Precambrian ultramafic and cafe-alkaline lamprophyres reveals two clear groupings—the former has no such anomalies in contrast to the latter which possesses this feature. A calc-alkaline lamprophyre dyke from the Lac Shortt Mine features significant Nb depletion on ETP suggesting that magmas with low Si02 content Si02 = 35.85 weight and chondrite normalized La = 1458) may be related to this catagory of lamprophyre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01164597
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 701-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330423
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple criteria for mixing effects in complex reactions (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 602-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230431
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture using a predispersed insoluble substrate (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 765-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190513
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activated-sludge process dynamics with continuous total organic carbon and oxygen uptake measurements (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 1561-1577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic responses of a bench-scale activated-sludge process to step changes and square-wave inputs in the feed flow and concentration were measured. Instrumentation permitted the continuous measurement of the oxygen uptake rate and dissolved organic carbon responses. Notable were the sensitivity of the oxygen uptake rate to process changes and the reliability of the dynamic oxygen electrode method. The responses were found to be greatly influenced by the organic loading, FS0/XV, which was incorporated into a load-dependent kinetics model. Simulations showd good agreement with experiment in the case of the square-wave disturbances. Because of the changing and complex nature of the activated sludge it was necessary to reestimate the parameter set for each run.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210906
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen transfer and mycelial growth in a tubular loop fermentor (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1613-1635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 22 m long. 20 liter tubular loop fermentor (TLF) has been tested for oxygen transfer characteristics and as a reactor for mycelial growth. Model calculations show that the flow pressure drop has an important influence on the axial oxygen profiles. A design model that accounts for this influence is presented. Using the model, KLa values are calculated from the results of sulfite oxidation experiments. These are correlated with power consumption and aeration rates. The KLa dependence on aeration rate was found to be less than found with tank reactors. The growth kinetics of three metabolite-producing mycelial organisms in the TLF are presented: a Streptomyces, a Fusarium, and a Acrophialophora. In order to determine the influence of reactor type on the growth and product formation, these cultures have been grown in tanks and shake flasks. The antibiotic, product spectrum of Streptomyces is compared on the basis of inhibition tests and it is shown that the distribution of products is reactor dependent. The Fusarium culture produced a previously unknown metabolite, whose concentration in the loop fermentor was four times higher than in a shake flask. The Acrophialophora culture grew twice as fast in the loop fermentor, but produced essentially none of the specific product. Power Consumptions of up to 8 kW/m3 in the tubular fermentor did not appear to harm the mycelia.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of dynamic oxygen electrode methods for the measurement of KLa (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 277-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic oxygen electrode method for measuring KLa requires the use of a dynamic process model. Six models from the literature are described and compared with respect to their accuracy and ease of use. It is shown theoretically that for sufficient accuracy KLa should be less than the inverse electrode response time. Experimental measurements demonstrate their application to viscous and nonviscous systems. The liquid diffusion film is shown to cause an important measurement lag that can be accounted for by a first-order time delay. Investigation on the influence of the experimental starting conditions show the importance of the gas and hold-up dynamics. A new method is proposed to simplify the KLa calculation and to eliminate errors caused by starting conditions. This method, which accounts for gas, film, and electrode dynamical effects, requires only a simple semilog plot of the response data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of enzymatic degradation of cyanide (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biocatalyst ; cyanide degradation ; immobilized enzyme ; wastewaters ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: CYANIDASE@ is a new enzyme preparation capable of degrading cyanide in industrial wastewaters to ammonia and formate in an apparently one-step reaction, down to very low concentrations. This enzyme has both a high selectivity and affinity toward cyanide. A granular form of the biocatalyst was used in a recirculation fixed bed reactor in order to characterize the new biocatalyst with respect to pH, ionic strength, common ions normally present in wastewaters, mass transfer effects, and temperature. Long term stability was investigated. The kinetics of the enzymatic degradation of cyanide were studied in a batch reactor using the powdered immobilized enzyme preparation and modeled using a simple Michaelis-Menten equation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an enzyme membrane reactor for treatment of cyanide-containing wastewaters from the food industry (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cyanidase ; biocatalyst ; cyanide ; waste-water ; effluents ; cyanogenic glycoside ; amygdalin ; flat membrane reactor ; apricot seed extract ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cyanidase, an immobilized enzyme preparation for hydrolyzing cyanide to ammonia and formate, was applied for the treatment of cyanide-containing waste waters from the food industry. Apricot seed extract was chosen as a model effluent. The enzymatic hydrolysis of pure amygdalin, the main cyanogenic glycoside in the extract, and the degradation of the cyanide formed was investigated and compared with the behavior of the real extract in a batch slurry reactor. A diffusional-type, flat-membrane reactor with immobilized cyanidase was developed, where the enzyme is effectively protected from adverse effects of high molecular components contained in the extract. For monitoring continuous-membrane reactor operation, a new unsegmented ammonia measurement system was developed and applied. In continuous operation the cyanidase retained its original activity for more than 400 hours on steam. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410410
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