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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-Free translation of Balbiani ring RNA (75S) ofChironomus tentans salivary glands into high molecular weight products (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 200-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Balbiani ring ; Cell-free translation ; Chironomus messenger RNA ; Secretory proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell-free translation of salivary gland RNA or of purified Balbiani ring RNA (75S) in a reticulocyte lysate system gives rise to high molecular weight translational products (HMTP). In addition to a common size (approx. 1×106 daltons) HMTP share imunogenic determinants with the giant secretory proteins of salivary glands. This suggests that HMTP correspond to in vivo secreted proteins and thus, corroborates the notion that 75S-RNA is the messenger for these proteins. The time course of HMTP synthesis and the lack of appearance of lower molecular weight components as translational products of 75S-RNA indicate that the synthesis of HMTP (and of secretory proteins) occurs in one piece by an uninterrupted process. HMTP are regarded the largest polypeptides so far synthesized in a cell-free system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848691
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity and biomass of soil microorganisms at different depths (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass ; Depth profile ; Fumigation-extraction method ; Soil organic matter ; Dormant population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We measured microbial biomass C and soil organic C in soils from one grassland and two arable sites at depths of between 0 and 90 cm. The microbial biomass C content decreased from a maximum of 1147 (0–10 cm layer) to 24 μg g–1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the grassland site, from 178 (acidic site) and 264 μg g–1 soil (neutral site) at 10–20 cm to values of between 13 and 12 μg g–1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the two arable sites. No significant depth gradient was observed within the plough layer (0–30 cm depth) for biomass C and soil organic C contents. In general, the microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio decreased with depth from a maximum of between 1.4 and 2.6% to a minimum of between 0.5 and 0.7% at 70–90 cm in the three soils. Over a 24-week incubation period at 25°C, we examined the survival of microbial biomass in our three soils at depths of between 0 and 90 cm without external substrate. At the end of the incubation experiment, the contents of microbial biomass C at 0–30 cm were significantly lower than the initial values. At depths of between 30 and 90 cm, the microbial biomass C content showed no significant decline in any of the four soils and remained constant up to the end of the experiment. On average, 5.8% of soil organic C was mineralized at 0–30 cm in the three soils and 4.8% at 30–90 cm. Generally, the metabolic quotient qCO2 values increased with depth and were especially large at 70–90 cm in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335816
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergosterol and microbial biomass relationship in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Fungal biomass ; Ergosterol ; Fumigation extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ergosterol and microbial biomass C were measured in 26 arable, 16 grassland and 30 forest soils. The ergosterol content ranged from 0.75 to 12.94 μg g-1 soil. The geometric mean ergosterol content of grassland and forest soils was around 5.5 μg g-1, that of the arable soils 2.14 μg g-1. The ergosterol was significantly correlated with biomass C in the entire group of soils, but not in the subgroups of grassland and forest soils. The geometric mean of the ergosterol: microbial biomass C ratio was 6.0 mg g-1, increasing in the order grassland (5.1), arable land (5.4) and woodland (7.2). The ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio had a strong negative relationship with the decreasing cation exchange capacity and soil pH, indicating that the fungal part of the total microbial biomass in soils increased when the buffer capacity decreased. The average ergosterol concentration calculated from literature data was 5.1 mg g-1 fungal dry weight. Assuming that fungi contain 46% C, the conversion factor from micrograms ergosterol to micrograms fungal biomass C is 90. For soil samples, neither saponification of the extract nor the more effective direct saponification during extraction seems to be really necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334573
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial activity and biomass in mixture treatments of soil and biogenic municipal refuse compost (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrogen fractions ; Amino acids ; Amino sugars ; Microbial respiration ; Household waste ; Domestic garbage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An incubation experiment was performed to determine how the mixing of soil with municipal organic refuse compost affects C mineralization, growth of the microbial biomass, and changes in organic components, especially in the fractions of amino acids and amino sugars. Compost and soil differed in almost every parameter measured, with the organic C content of the compost representing only 10.8% of the dry weight. The fractions of K2SO4-extractable organic C and of non-hydrolyzable C were larger in the compost (1.24 and 62.9% of organic C, respectively) than in the soil (0.56 and 41.6% of organic C). These two fractions increased in proportion to the addition of compost, in contrast to amino sugar and amino acid C which were identified overproportionately in the mixture treatments, especially in the 30% compost treatment. Overproportionate increases in the microbial biomass C content and CO2 evolution rate were also measured in this treatment. The adsorption of compost colloids on the surface of regular soil silicates increased both the availability for microbial enzymes and the detectability for chemical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335817
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergosterol and microbial biomass relationship in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass ; Fungal biomass ; Ergosterol ; Fumigation extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ergosterol and microbial biomass C were measured in 26 arable, 16 grassland and 30 forest soils. The ergosterol content ranged from 0.75 to 12.94 μg g–1 soil. The geometric mean ergosterol content of grassland and forest soils was around 5.5 μg g–1, that of the arable soils 2.14 μg g–1. The ergosterol was significantly correlated with biomass C in the entire group of soils, but not in the subgroups of grassland and forest soils. The geometric mean of the ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio was 6.0 mg g–1, increasing in the order grassland (5.1), arable land (5.4) and woodland (7.2). The ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio had a strong negative relationship with the decreasing cation exchange capacity and soil pH, indicating that the fungal part of the total microbial biomass in soils increased when the buffer capacity decreased. The average ergosterol concentration calculated from literature data was 5.1 mg g–1 fungal dry weight. Assuming that fungi contain 46% C, the conversion factor from micrograms ergosterol to micrograms fungal biomass C is 90. For soil samples, neither saponification of the extract nor the more effective direct saponification during extraction seems to be really necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334573
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of interaction between ramipril and simvastatin (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 47 (1994), S. 373-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ACE-inhibitors ; Simvastatin ; ramipril ; lipid lowering drugs ; drug interaction ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty two healthy males participated in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind, cross-over study to investigate the influence of simvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of ramipril and its active metabolite (ramiprilat), and on the ACE-inhibiting effect of ramiprilat. During two study periods, each of 7 days, subjects received daily either simvastatin 20 mg at 19.00 h or placebo; ramipril (5 mg) was given on Day 5 of each of the periods. Plasma concentrations of ramipril and ramiprilat and ACE-activity were measured in sequential blood specimens, and ramipril and ramiprilat concentrations were measured in urine. Blood and urine collections for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment were made up to 72 h after the dose of ramipril. The mean AUC of ramipril for ramipril+placebo (R+P) and ramipril+simvastatin (R+S) was 22.2 and 21.3 ng.h.ml−, respectively; for ramiprilat the corresponding figures were 61.3 and 57.6 ng.h.ml−. The urinary excretion of ramipril+metabolites for (R+P) and (R+S) was 25.2 and 24.1% of dose. The maximum percentage inhibition of ACE-activity for (R+P) was 94.6%, and for (R+S) it was 94.1%. It is concluded that concomitant administration of simvastatin and ramipril has no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics or ACE-inhibition of the latter drug and its metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191171
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic aspects of the interaction between clobazam and cimetidine (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clobazam ; cimetidine ; N-desmethylclobazam ; kinetic interaction ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic interaction between clobazam and cimetidine was studied in 9 healthy male volunteers in an open-labelled study. After a single oral dose of clobazam 30 mg, a wash-out period of 14 days was followed by daily doses of cimetidine 1 g for one week. Thereafter a single oral dose of clobazam 30 mg was again given. The plasma concentrations of clobazam and its main metabolite N-desmethyl-clobazam were measured by gas-chromatography. The area under the curve (AUC0−∞) of plasma clobazam level was significantly larger after pretreatment with cimetidine and the elimination half life of clobazam was significantly longer. There were no statistically significant differences in Cmax and tmax for plasma clobazam. The plasma levels of N-desmethyl-clobazam did not show any significant change after the intake of cimetidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544031
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacodynamics and urine pharmacokinetics of three doses of piretanide (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 783-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: piretanide ; urine K+ and Na+ clearance ; pharmacodynamic effects ; pharmacokinetic effects ; diuretic effects ; dose-response relationship ; trial design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three doses (3 mg, 6 mg and 12 mg) of piretanide, a new high ceiling diuretic, and placebo were given to 8 volunteers to investigate the relationship between the pharmacodynamic parameters, the dose and its urinary excretion. Intake of food and fluid were standardized from 48 h before until 24 h after drug administration. Urinary output, excretion of unchanged drug, and the excretion and clearance of Na+ and K+ were measured hourly for 7 h after treatment. A clear dose-response relationship was found for cumulative urinary output, cumulative excretion of Na+ and K+, clearance of Na+ and K+ and the urinary sodium/potassium ratio. A significant correlation was found between the net urine volume and the excretion of piretanide per time interval. The clearances of Na+ and K+ were significantly correlated with the excretion of piretanide. Clearance values correlated well with corresponding urine volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co2+ and Mn2+ ion locations in doped CsCdCl3 (1983)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1964-1970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Gli ioni di sostituzione Co2+ e Mn2+ in due diverse posizioni nel Cd nel composto CsCdCl3 sono state studiati usando la risonanza paramagnetica elettronica. L'occupazione preferenziale, Co2+ nel sito CdII, Mn2+ nel sito CdI, è discussa in termini di argomenti di simmetria della chimica dei cristalli.
    Abstract: Резюме Используя электронный парамагнитный резонанс, в соединении CsCdCl3 исследуются местоположения ионов замещения Co2+ и Mn2+ в двух различных положениях Cd. В терминах кристалло-химической симметрии обсуждается предпочтительное расположение Co2+ в положении CdII и Mn2+ в положении CdI.
    Notes: Summary Substitutional Co2+ and Mn2+ ions at the two different Cd sites in the compound CsCdCl3 have been studied by using electron paramagnetic resonance. The preferential occupation, Co2+ in the CdII site, Mn2+ in the CdI site, is discussed in terms of crystallochemical symmetry arguments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457895
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous Flow Equilibration for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Dinitrogen Emissions (1998)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 62 (1998), S. 906-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: 15N N gas emission method requires determination of the N2 mole masses 28, 29, and 30. Direct determination of 30N2 which is not possible with all isotope mass spectrometers, can be omitted if gas samples are equilibrated prior to isotope analysis. Because a previously published off-line equilibration procedure was inaccurate and laborious, a continuous-flow procedure was developed and evaluated in this study. Analysis of 29N2 and 28N2 was performed with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyzer. The N2 fraction of the samples was equilibrated in an electrodeless discharge unit placed within the interface connecting both instruments. Measuring sensitivity for the fraction of 15N-pool-derived N2 (d) and 15N atom fraction of the 15N pool (a p) was evaluated by analyzing 15N standard gases at d= 5 × 10–6 to 5 × 10–4 and a p= 0.4903, corresponding to δ15N = 1.3 to 68.3‰. Measured values of d and a p satisfactorily coincided with theoretical values. Coefficients of variation of d and a p ranged from 0.13 to 19.59% and from 0.66 to 12.86%, respectively. Precision was higher than the off-line equilibration procedure and also higher than methods including direct measurement of 30N2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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