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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New main chain nonlinear optical polymers with high glass transition temperatures (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 28 (1992), S. 381-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Various 4-methoxy-4′-carbomethoxy-α-amino-α′-cyanostilbenes were prepared as mixtures of E and Z isomers, and polymerized via condensation polymerization using dibutyltin diacetate as catalyst. The resulting low molecular weight homopolymers showed higher glass transition temperatures (168–183°C) than previously reported main chain nonlinear optical (NLO) homopolymers. A high molecular weight (Mn≃30, 200) copolymer possessed an even higher glass transition temperature of 187°C. The hyperpolarizability of the polymers and a model compound were found by EFISH measurements to be in the range of 61 to 79x10-48 esu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297329
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscible blends of aromatic polybenzimidazoles and aromatic polyimides (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new family of high performance, miscible polymer blends based on aromatic polybenzimidazoles and aromatic polyimides has been discovered. Preliminary evidence, obtained with commercially available, soluble polymers suggests that polymers of these generic types may be miscible over a wide range of compositions and structural variations. Blend miscibility was evidenced in the form of single Tg 1s and well-defined single tan δ relaxations intermediate to those of the component polymers, the formation of clear films and, in one case, enhanced solvent resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955579
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The supramolecular structures and reactivities of some complexes of chiral crown ethers with borane ammonia (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 3 (1985), S. 355-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Chiral crown ethers ; glycopyranosides ; mannitol derivatives ; borane ammonia complexes ; crystal structures ; enantioselective reductions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Whereas 1 ∶ 1 crystalline complexes have been isolated between borane ammonia and methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy-α-d-galactopyranosido [2,3-b]-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane (1), methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy-α-d-mannopyranosido [2,3-b] (methyl 4′,6′-O-benzylidene-2′,3′-dideoxy-α-d-mannopyranosido [2′,3′-k]-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane (3), and (1R,2R,7R,24R)-3,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,28-decaoxatricyclo-[21.4.0.02,7]octacosane (4), the hosts, methyl, 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy-α-d-mannopyranosido[2,3-b] 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane (2) and 1,4 ∶ 1′,4′ ∶ 3,6 ∶ 3′,6′-tetra-anhydro-2,2′ ∶ 5,5′-bis-O-oxydiethylenedi-d-mannitol (5) have yielded 2 ∶ 1 (guest:host) crystalline complexes with borane ammonia as guest. X-ray analyses of the supramolecular structures of BH3NH3 ·1, (BH3NH3)2 ·2, BH3NH3 ·3, BH3NH3 ·4, and (BH3NH3)2 ·5 have been carried out and BH3NH3 ·1, BH3NH3 ·2, and (BH3NH3)2 ·5 have been shown to reduce acetophenone with enantiomeric excesses of 5, 13, and 10% respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655736
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of trace gases emitted by Australian savanna fires during the 1990 dry season (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 18 (1994), S. 33-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Biomass burning ; savanna fires ; Australia ; atmospheric trace gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During 18–23 July 1990, 31 smoke samples were collected from an aircraft flying at low altitudes through the plumes of tropical savanna fires in the Northern Territory, Australia. The excess (above background) mixing ratios of 17 different trace gases including CO2, CO, CH4, several non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), CH3CHO, NO x (− NO + NO2), NH3, N2O, HCN and total unspeciated NMHC and sulphur were measured. Emissionratios relative to excess CO2 and CO, and emissionfactors relative to the fuel carbon, nitrogen or sulphur content are determined for each measured species. The emission ratios and factors determined here for carbon-based gases, NO x , and N2O are in good agreement with those reported from other biomass burning studies. The ammonia data represent the first such measurements from savanna fires, and indicate that NH3 emissions are more than half the strength of NO x emissions. The emissions of NO x , NH3, N2O and HCN together represent only 27% of the volatilised fuel N, and are primarily NO x (16%) and NH3 (9%). Similarly, only 56% of the volatilised fuel S is accounted for by our measurements of total unspeciated sulphur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694373
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and molecular structures of the 4-(1H)-pyridone (=L) lanthanide complexes {[GdL(NO3)3(H2O)]·CH3OH}2 and [DyL4(NO3)2](NO3) and of L2HNO3 (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 23 (1993), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of the title compounds have been determined by single crystal diffraction methods. Crystals of the dysprosium compound are monoclinic, space groupP21/c witha=14.133(4),b=13.438(5),c=14.401 (4)Å,β=103.98(2)°,V=2654(1)Å3,Z=4,D c =1.82 g cm−3, finalR=0.035. The Dy atom is eight-coordinate with a distorted dodecahedral coordination geometry involving two bidentate nitrate groups and four pyridone oxygen atoms. An erbium complex with analogous stoichiometry was also prepared but not structurally characterized. Crystals of the Gd compound are monoclinic, space groupP21/n, witha=11.226(2),b=9.075(2),c=16.737(3)Å,β=93.88(3)°,V=1701(1)Å3,Z=2,D c =1.91 g cm−3, finalR=0.042. Each Gd atom is bonded to one pyridone oxygen atom, a water molecule and three bidentate nitrate groups. An oxygen atom of one of the bidentate nitrates additionally serves to bridge pairs of Gd atoms so as to form a dinuclear complex in which each Gd atom is nine-coordinate with a tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. Crystals of L2HNO3 are monoclinic, space groupI2/a witha=12.479(4),b=6.535(2),c=14.297(6)Å,β=96.07(3)°,V=1159(1)Å3,Z=4,D c =1.45 g cm−3, finalR=0.057. The pyridones are linked in pairs by very short (2.44 Å) symmetrical O⋯H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Each pair is further linked via a nitrate ion by means of N-H⋯O(nitrate)⋯H-N hydrogen bonds, so as to form an extended chevron-like pyridone-pyridone-nitrate-pyridone-pyridone array. Adjacent chains are linked via weak C-H⋯O(NO3) interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01159138
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and molecular structures of 5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine-2-ol (=LH) and of its mercury (II) complex HgL2 and synthesis of some lanthanide/HgL2 heterometallic complexes (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 23 (1993), S. 577-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of the title compounds have been determined by single crystal diffraction methods. Crystals of 5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine-2-ol (1) are monoclinic, space groupP21/n witha=7.336(2),b=8.989(2),c=13.125(3)Å,β=95.72(3)°,V=861.2(4)Å3,Z=4,D c =1.34 g cm−3, finalR=0.052. The molecules are linked in pairs by two N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and these dimers are stacked in a discontinuous, stepped fashion. Crystals of HgL2 (2) are monoclinic space groupP21,/c witha=4.044(2),b=12.147(2),c=18.093(5)Å,β=93.32(2)°,V=887.3(4)Å3,Z=2,D c =2.05 g cm−3, finalR=0.051. In2 the mercury binds to N(1) to form a linear N-Hg-N coordination geometry, and the HgL2 molecules form a continuous stacked structure. The syntheses of the compounds ML4(NO3)3·H2O (M=Nd, Gd, and Er), PrHg2L4(NO3)3, andM 2Hg3L6(NO3)6 (M=Gd, Er) are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228768
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration of the legume Lens culinaris Medik. (lentil) in vitro (1986)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 7 (1986), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Lens culinaris ; lentil ; regeneration ; organogenesis ; legume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Until recently, grain legumes in general have proven recalcitrant at de novo regeneration in vitro. By culturing portions of lentil (Lens culinaris) shoot meristems and epicotyls on a medium containing kinetin and gibberellic acid, callus tissue was produced which could be induced to regenerate shoots in relatively large numbers, even after several subcultures. The shoots could be rooted in a mist chamber to yield whole, fertile plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043039
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significant extension in northern Australia of the known geographic range of the Shield Shrimp Triops australiensis (Crustacea: Notostraca) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 318 (1996), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Triops australiensis ; northern distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The program BIOCLIM predicts the total geographic distribution of species, based upon the biogeoclimatic characteristics common to the localities at which they are known to occur. Field studies in the Northern Territory have located the Shield Shrimp Triops australiensis at localities substantially north of its known and predicted geographic distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016675
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in real incomes and the demand for taxicabs (1981)
    Springer
    Transportation 10 (1981), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper comments on the possible future of the taxicab industry within the context of a familiar economic-growth model. The future capability of the taxicab industry to check increases in real costs is shown to be an important determinant in the industry's long-term viability. More importantly, the effect of rising real incomes on the demand for taxicabs is postulated also to have a strong effect on future demand. The strength of this effect and the exact position of the taxicab in the “transit tree” have important implications not only for the future demand for taxis but also for the more traditional modes of public transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165617
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray Crystallographic Studies on the Noncovalent Syntheses of Supermolecules (1999)
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 10 (1999), S. 243-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Noncovalent interactions ; pseudorotaxanes ; self-assembly ; solid-state structures ; supramolecular chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An approach to the supramolecular syntheses of discrete multicomponent aggregates of noncovalently bound molecules, i.e., supermolecules, is described. This approach involved the careful analysis of X-ray crystal structures so as to permit a gradual increase in superstructural complexity. Many elaborate supermolecules were synthesized noncovalently from dialkylammonium-containing cations and crown ethers, following the initial observation that the dibenzylammonium ion threads through dibenzo[24]crown-8 to generate a singly stranded, singly encircled [2]pseudorotaxane, principally as a result of $$[{\text{N}}^{\text{ + }} - {\text{H}} \cdot \cdot \cdot {\text{O}}]$$ and $$[{\text{C}} - {\text{H}} \cdot \cdot \cdot {\text{O}}]$$ hydrogen bond formation. The scope of the fundamental recognition motif obtained from this initial observation was then broadened, through the use of thread-like ions with multiple dialkylammonium centers and/or larger crown ethers, so that multiply stranded and/or multiply encircled pseudorotaxanes could be prepared. Cations bearing both dialkylammonium and crown ether recognition sites were also used for the nocovalent synthesis of a discrete daisy chain supermacrocycle and the basic recognition motif was combined with other motifs for the production of a wide range of novel superarchitectures. As a greater understanding of the noncovalent interactions governing the self-assembly of the complex superarchitectures was acquired, new protocols for the noncovalent syntheses of doubly docked pseudorotaxanes and interwoven supramolecular bundles, including a supramolecular analogue of the photosynthetic special pair, were developed. The discovery that anions can play a prominent role in the solid-state self-assembly of some of the supermolecules was a valuable spinoff of the research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021844715425
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