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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purified filtrate tetanus toxin was subjected to limited digestion with papain and the resulting fragments were separated by gel exclusion chromatography and characterized. One atoxic fragment was shown to react with antiserum against tetanus toxoid and was capable of inducing antibodies in rabbits that neutralized native tetanus toxin. The fragment had an estimated molecular weight of 56,000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 62,000 by sedimentation equilibrium. In the presence of a reducing agent, the fragment yielded two components with approximatec molecular weights of 23,000 and 32,000. Thus, it appears that the atoxic, immunogenic fragment is composed of two peptides joined by at least one disulfide bond. The fragment was examined by circular dichroism and data analysis indicated the presence of considerable β-structure, but little, if any, α-helicity. This is significantly different from the estimates for filtrate toxin, 29% α-helicity and 23% β-structure. Above 250 nm, the circular dichroic spectrum of the fragment was also distinct from that of intact toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 87-89 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ability of dog renal cortex slices to accumulate β-methyl-glucoside or glycine is enhanced by the flavonoid (+)-catechin at a concentration of 3.5 mM. This stimulatory effect is apparently due to a decreased rate of efflux of either substrate. On the other hand, the uptake of p-amino-hippuric acid and N1-methyl-nicotinamide is inhibited by (+)-catechin. The drug at the same concentration is without action on amino-acid transport by guineapig intestine in vitro.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 62-64 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The changes in short-circuit current occurring when one or both solutions bathing the intestine of rat or guinea-pig mounted in flux chambers were recorded. The results with the guinea-pig can be explained in terms of diffusion potentials arising from the ionic replacements, and an electrogenic sodium pump, sensitive to ouabain, in the contraluminal membrane of the cell. In the rat, the situation is more complicated, and the enterocyte probably possesses an electrogenic sodium pump in the brush-border membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 49 (1976), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Streams ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Denitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen transport in a 2 km-long, spring-fed stream was studied during the summer months by analyzing weekly water samples from four stations. The water at the spring had a consistently high level of nitrate-N ranging from about 7 mg/l in late spring to about 3 mg/l in early fall. However, over the length of the stream, 60% (about 97 kg) of the incoming nitrate-N is lost from the water during the summer period. The loss, which does not appear to be attributable to the uptake by aquatic macrophytes or to immobilization, is thought to result from denitrification.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Faecal Pellets ; Freshwater Invertebrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Animals and food (leaves) are confined at a desired temperature in a feeding chamber in the upper portion of the water column of a collector system. Egested material collects in water at 0°C also eliminates coprophagy and physical damage to the pellets.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 11 (1975), S. 453-468 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On décrit une méthode suivant laquelle il est possible de mesurer le COD de l'extrémité d'une fissure en une section quelconque d'une éprouvette préfissurée ou nantie d'une entaille. On a étudié la relation entre le COD et le degré de déformation transversale à la racine de l'entaille d'éprouvettes Charpy. Dans certains cas, on a constaté un état plan de déformation sur une portion appréciable d'éprouvettes dont le COD atteignait 1/25° de l'épaisseur. Une contraction transversale se traduit par des valeurs du COD plus faibles vers les bords que à mi section de l'éprouvette, dans le cas d'un déplacement donné de la clip jauge. On présente une relation entre le COD et la déformation longitudinale à la racine d'une entaille d'éprouvette Charpy avec rayon d'arrondi de 0,05 mm. Cette relation n'exprime pas une proportionnalité directe. Cette constatation est discutée en se reliant au concept d'une “éprouvette de traction miniature” qui se situerait au niveau de la racine de l'entaille. L'influence de la géométrie de l'éprouvette sur le COD critique correspondant à l'amorçage de la fissure—(COD)c—a été étudiée. On a trouvé que le (COD)c n'était pas affecté de façon significative par un changement de l'épaisseur de l'éprouvette, ou par le passage d'une préfissuration par fatigue à une entaille d'arrondi égal à 0,05 mm. La plupart des essais afférant à cette recherche ont été exécutés sur de l'acier ASTM A533 grade B-Classe 1.
    Notes: Abstract A method is described whereby values of crack tip opening displacement (COD) can be measured at any section of a pre-cracked or slotted specimen. The relationship between COD and the degree of transverse strain at the notch root of a Charpy specimen has been investigated. A specimen will show some portion in plane strain up to a COD of about one twenty-fifth of the thickness. Transverse contraction results in smaller COD values, for a particular clip gauge displacement, at the outside than at the specimen midsection. An equation is presented relating COD to longitudinal notch root strain for Charpy specimens with root radius 0.002 in. COD and notch root strain are found to be not directly proportional. This finding is discussed in relation to the concept of a “miniature tensile specimen” at the notch root. The effect of specimen geometry on the value of COD at fracture initiation, (COD)c, has been investigated. Neither a change in specimen thickness nor a change from a fatigue pre-crack to a 0.002 in. root radius notch has been found to significantly affect (COD)c. The material used in this research was, for the most part, a low alloy pressure vessel steel, A533B.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 11 (1975), S. 528-530 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 11 (1975), S. 1055-1056 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 12 (1976), S. 723-737 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié, sur un acier doux, les effets du type d'éprouvette—préfissurée pour essai de traction ou de flexion—sur la relation entre l'intégrale J et le COD, ainsi que sur les valeurs critiques à l'amorçage de J et de COD. On a mesuré le COD en injectant dans la fissure un caoutchouc de silicone à durcissement catalytique. L'intégrale J a été mesurée, de son côté, à la fois par une technique de compliance et par des formules analytiques. On n'a pas noté une influence significative du type d'éprouvette. Les mesures de J émanant des formules analytiques sont en bon accord avec les mesures par compliance. Des mesures simultanées de J et du COD ont également été effectuées sur un acier faiblement allié. Les résultats montrent que les relations entre J, G et le COD dépendent du matériau et qu'elles sont probablement régies per leur module d'écrouissage.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of specimen type (precracked tension or bend) on the relationship between the J-integral and the crack tip opening displacement (COD) and on crack initiation values of J and COD were investigated. The material used was a mild steel. COD was measured by infiltrating the crack with a catalytically hardening silicone rubber. The J-integral was measured both by the compliance technique and using analytical formulae. No significant effect of specimen type was noted. Measurements of J from the analytical formulae used agreed well with compliance measurements. Simultaneous J and COD values were also measured on a low alloy steel. The results indicate that the J/G/COD relationships are material dependent, possibly being controlled by the material's work-hardening rate.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1977), S. 919-926 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study is presented of the stress inside a two-dimensional elastic solid which has a boundary surface angle and which is loaded by an internal point source of expansion. An exact analytic solution for the stress is obtained, for general surface angle and source position, and evaluated numerically for several representative cases of wedges and notches. The singular behaviour given by the leading terms near the angle vertex is found to be highly localized, and there is little or no stress enhancement near the source. For many combinations of boundary angle and source location, however, a local region of significant enhancement occurs on that part of the surface nearest the source. Implications of these results are discussed, with particular reference to surface steps.
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